User:Vegan416/sandbox/Animal stereotypes of Jews in Palestinian discourse

= Animal stereotypes of Jews in Palestinian discourse = [https://www.google.co.il/books/edition/Ten_Myths_About_the_Jews/IVyVEAAAQBAJ? https://www.google.co.il/books/edition/Ten_Myths_About_the_Jews/IVyVEAAAQBAJ?] animalization

[https://www.google.co.il/books/edition/Demonizing_the_Other/G-19lB3dZ90C? https://www.google.co.il/books/edition/Demonizing_the_Other/G-19lB3dZ90C?] nazis and arabs

https://www.google.co.il/books/edition/The_Definition_of_Anti_Semitism/767fCQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=bestialization+of+jews+in+arab&pg=PA79&printsec=frontcover

Bruneau, Emile; Kteily, Nour (2017-07-26). "The enemy as animal: Symmetric dehumanization during asymmetric warfare". PLOS ONE. 12 (7)

Kressel, Neil J. (2012). The Sons of Pigs and Apes: Muslim Antisemitism and the Conspiracy of Silence. Potomac Books

Normand, Linn (2016). Demonization in International Politics: A Barrier to Peace in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. Springer

Black, Ian (2008-12-19). "Cartoon symbols of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict". The Guardian

Oliver, Anne Marie; Steinberg, Paul F. (2006). The Road to Martyrs' Square: A Journey into the World of the Suicide Bomber. Oxford University Press

הרט רחל, Rachel Hart (2014). "ביקורת פוליטית ואנטישמיות בקריקטורה הערבית: קריקטורות בעיתון פלסטין בשנת 1936, "המרד הערבי הגדול"" [Political criticism and anti-Semitism in Arab cartoons: cartoons in Falastin newspaper in 1936, "The Great Arab Revolt]. Kesher / קשר (in Hebrew) (46). Tel-Aviv University.

A lot of the secondary sources on which the article is based, especially those who make overview statements about the subject, use "Jews", "Israelis", "Israel" interchangeably. Therefore the article deals with "animal stereotypes" of both Jews and Israelis.

Here are some examples of these sources (the emphasis is mine):

Oliver, Anne Marie; Steinberg, Paul F. (2006). The Road to Martyrs' Square: A Journey into the World of the Suicide Bomber. Oxford University Press. pp. 101–102. During the Intifada, Israelis and Jews were commonly described in the media of nationalists and Islamists alike as animals—octopuses, dragons, monkeys, and so forth.

Gordon, Gregory (2018). "Freedom of Expression, Hate Speech, and Incitement to Terrorism and Genocide: Resonances and Tensions". In Bayefsky, A. F.; Blank, L.R. (eds.). Incitement to Terrorism. Brill. p. 20. The Palestinian Authority's outlets – and even children's shows and school curricula – have long called Jews snakes, monkeys, and pigs and called for the annihilation of Israel.

Black, Ian (2008-12-19). "Cartoon symbols of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict". The Guardian. repulsive, hook-nosed Jews are portrayed as snakes or vampires;

The terms "animal stereotypes" or "dehumanization" are used to describe dehumanization of Jews as individuals or as a Jewish collective, e.g. the Jewish state or specific Jewish organizations or communities, as long as this is related to their Jewishness.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/26581370

https://www.jstor.org/stable/i20140735

https://www.jstor.org/stable/i40081014

https://www.jstor.org/stable/i24268901

connection to antisemitism

genocide

Not humans

https://www.google.co.il/books/edition/The_Devil_That_Never_Dies/LRY1AQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PT386

https://www.google.co.il/books/edition/June_1967_in_Personal_Stories_of_Palesti/ttptEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA311

https://www.google.co.il/books/edition/Refuting_the_Anti_Israel_Narrative/OGDTCwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA116

https://academic.oup.com/book/37362/chapter-abstract/331335701?redirectedFrom=fulltext

https://www.memri.org/tv/hamas-mp-and-cleric-yunis-al-astal-jews-were-brought-palestine-great-massacre-through-which-allah

https://books.google.co.il/books?id=CPcFEQAAQBAJ&pg=PT535

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1745691620902133

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1745691620969657

https://books.google.co.il/books?id=P1rsDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT238 p. 272 (genocide?)

Exploring attitudes and anecdotes from Palestinians living under military occupation sharply raises the question of how animal welfare and protection can be advanced when humans are suffering. "We are human beings" is perhaps the most common refrain from Palestinians facing humiliating treatment at the hands of a bored soldier at a checkpoint. And "animals" is the most frequent curse an angry Palestinian will hurl against the harsh behavior of Israeli soldiers and settlers. Johnson 2019, p. xvii. Johnson, Penny (2019). Companions in Conflict:Animals in Occupied Palestine. Melville House. ISBN 978-1-612-19743-2.

--

https://www.jstor.org/stable/25834724? jpsr: kotek quote

https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv21hrhpz.20 ihra

Monkeys and Pigs
Muhammad Abd Al-Ilah

https://palwatch.org/page/18579

---

https://www.jstor.org/stable/25834644 jpsr

p. 122

Palestinian children have incorporated this language into their image of Jews. A girl on PA TV introduced herself as follows: "My name is Ala from Rafah. [I am] ten years old. Let the pigs and monkeys know and their leaders Sharon and Bush..."

---

https://www.jstor.org/stable/26870795 jpsr: dogs, pigs and monkeys in refs

https://www.jstor.org/stable/44289822 jpsr: dogs, pigs and monkeys in refs

---

https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/muslim-clerics-jews-are-the-descendants-of-apes-pigs-and-other-animals

https://palwatch.org/page/14950

--

https://palwatch.org/page/32517

https://palwatch.org/page/35032

https://www.memri.org/tv/palestinian-girl-poem-un-solidarity-day-jews-apes-pigs-evil-humiliation-filth-stupid-cattle

https://www.memri.org/tv/young-boy-recites-song-hamas-tv-jews-are-barbaric-apes-most-evil-creatures

---

https://www.thejc.com/news/commons-voice-for-blood-libel-man-yqylzqhw

https://palwatch.org/page/34635

https://unwatch.org/suad-assi-unrwa-english-teachers-calls-zionist-jews-apes-and-pigs/

---

Darwin

https://www.memri.org/tv/iraqi-shiite-saad-mudaris-jews-money-spread-darwinism-world-remove-shame-descendent-apes-pigs

فلسطين ١لمسلمة

--

Dogs
The slogan spread from Palestine to neighboring countries. In Syria and Lebanon in 1948 some crowds also chanted the slogan "Palestine is our land and the Jews are our dogs" at the Jews living there, sometimes as a precursor to riots.

In 2009 the chant was used in a pro-Palestinian demonstration in Montreal. In 2020 the chant (in Arabic) was captured on video in a pro-Palestinian demonstration in Ontario. The organizers issued an apology later. https://www.google.co.il/books/edition/The_Old_World/0yhYAAAAcAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=palestinians+%22jewish+dogs%22&pg=PA218&printsec=frontcover

https://www.google.co.il/books/edition/Biblical_Antiquities/xBpCAAAAcAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=palestinians+%22jewish+dogs%22&pg=PA387&printsec=frontcover

https://books.google.co.il/books?id=pi6LDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49

https://www.google.co.il/books/edition/Arabs_and_Jews_in_Ottoman_Palestine/E4uFDwAAQBAJ ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=palestinians+calling+jews+dogs&pg=PT39

https://www.google.co.il/books/edition/Early_Travels_in_Palestine/Cdp4y9jzpJcC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=palestinians+calling+jews+dogs&pg=PA161&printsec=frontcover https://www.memri.org/tv/hamas-tv-friday-sermon-calls-annihilate-jews-who-are-compared-dogs

https://ojs.lib.uwo.ca/index.php/westernumirror/article/download/15961/12388/39201&ved=2ahUKEwj27sDq1d6FAxXS2wIHHWhBAD8QFnoECA8QAQ&usg=AOvVaw2zmJTeR_KW26Xc7Pi7b5xL = Wiebe, M. (2008). Extermination and Euthanasia: Animal Symbolism in Nazi Germany. The Mirror - Undergraduate History Journal, 28(1), 21–38, Western University Ontario. Retrieved from https://ojs.lib.uwo.ca/index.php/westernumirror/article/view/15961

---

another source that explicitly links the slogan "Palestine is our land and the Jews are our dogs" with the fact that dog is a particularly grave insult in Islam

Text

https://www.google.co.il/books/edition/Crown_of_Aleppo/Rkjl28v4ZdAC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA7

Footnote

https://www.google.co.il/books/edition/Crown_of_Aleppo/Rkjl28v4ZdAC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA142

---

https://www.google.co.il/books/edition/Old_Testament_studies/wK3YAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22jews+are+our+dogs%22&dq=%22jews+are+our+dogs%22&printsec=frontcover

---

https://palwatch.org/page/18223

https://palwatch.org/page/34818

https://palwatch.org/page/34813

and it was sometimes directed also against the Christians, i.e. "Palestine is our land and Christians and Jews are our dogs"

--- zionist/jewish dogs

https://www.memri.org/tv/young-children-hamas-member-muhammad-al-homs-killed-ahmad-jaabari-we-want-be-martyred-our-dad

--

https://edition.cnn.com/2010/US/06/12/new.jersey.terror.suspects/index.html

https://njjewishnews.timesofisrael.com/adl-pleased-as-terror-suspects-plead-guilty/

--

https://www.thejc.com/news/zionist-dogs-placards-and-support-for-the-resistance-welcome-to-londons-al-quds-day-rally-c3fky6p4

https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/quds-day-in-london-thousands-of-pro-palestinian-protesters-march-amid-anti-israel-chants-placards/

-

In 2015 UN Watch claimed that a Palestinian UNRWA worker wrote in this facebook account “Stab Zionist dogs“ under an image of a man holding a knife in the colors of the Palestinian flag.

https://unwatch.org/hani-al-ramahi-unrwa-employee-says-to-stab-zionist-dogs/

https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-8-2015-015570_EN.html?redirect

https://press.un.org/en/2015/db151016.doc.htm

-

https://www.memri.org/tv/california-imam-marc-manly-israel-fabricating-videos-hollywood-hang-rope-dogs

https://www.timesofisrael.com/video-shows-california-imams-voice-hatred-for-jews-praise-or-deny-october-7/

https://www.ecaj.org.au/anti-jewish-incidents-in-australia-continue-to-rise-in-2022/

https://www.ynetnews.com/article/b1wtsscxa

Rats and Mice
In some Muslim traditions when the ancient Jews were turned into pigs and apes some of them were also turned into rats and mice (and also lizards and termites).

https://www.memri.org/reports/uk-politicians-public-figures-call-bbc-stop-featuring-british-palestinian-journalist-abdel

https://palwatch.org/page/14669

---https://palwatch.org/home/search?q=rat&x=0&y=0#gsc.tab=0&gsc.q=rat&gsc.page=1

https://palwatch.org/home/search?q=mice&x=0&y=0#gsc.tab=0&gsc.q=mice&gsc.page=1

Rats and mice were an antisemitic trope that was used by the Nazis, including in propaganda broadcasts aimed at the Arab world.

---

https://www.thejc.com/news/celtics-israeli-midfielder-bitton-called-dirty-jew-after-derby-defeat-w08xehpz

https://www.jewishnews.co.uk/edinburgh-nus-delegate-calls-zionists-sub-human-rats/

https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c843jg4kp9jo.amp

https://www.ynetnews.com/magazine/article/hkcdmxw19

https://palwatch.org/page/34851

https://palwatch.org/page/14693

https://www.cartoonmovement.com/cartoon/sewer-rats

https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/bds-south-africa-posts-antisemitic-cartoon-in-response-to-peace-plan-616216

https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/middle-east-siren-call-jews-genocide-in-pictures/

https://twitter.com/habibi_uk/status/1725167256076730685

Snakes
Snakes is a known antisemitic trope. It is also used in Palestinian propaganda against Israel.

Snakes are a known antisemitic trope. It appeared on the cover of several editions of The Protocols of the Elder of Zion. including on Arab translation (https://www.google.co.il/books/edition/The_Medieval_Roots_of_Antisemitism/2M1JDwAAQBA p. 167)

Snakes are used in Palestinian propaganda against Israel.

snake/dragon coiled around the world derived from antisemitic literature with an Islamic slant (reorder)https://www.google.co.il/books/edition/The_Road_to_Martyrs_Square/6OUJCAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=martyr+square+snake&pg=PR101&printsec=frontcover

---

https://news.sky.com/story/police-actively-looking-for-individuals-over-antisemitic-signs-at-pro-palestinian-march-13005665

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/11/hundreds-of-thousands-rally-for-gaza-in-london-as-police-arrest-far-right-protesters

---

https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/18547/

https://www.adl.org/resources/blog/antisemitic-arabic-language-cartoons-wake-israeli-arab-normalization

https://palwatch.org/page/16172

https://palwatch.org/page/29344

https://palwatch.org/page/14226

https://www.memri.org/reports/palestinian-islamic-scholar-mraweh-nassar-muslims-must-cut-head-zionist-snake-if-they-want

Cancer
Haniyeh

https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/hamas-pm-haniyeh-calls-israel-cancer

https://www.google.co.il/books/edition/Ideological_Battlegrounds/6IiADwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA108&printsec=frontcover Msahal

In 2006 Hamas Political Bureau chief Khaled Mashal called Israel a "cancer that must be pulled out by its roots."

https://www.adl.org/resources/blog/deir-yassin-remembered-protests-nj-fundraiser-israeli-emergency-response-agency

https://jewishstandard.timesofisrael.com/democracy-it-just-works/

https://www.google.co.il/books/edition/Israel_and_Its_Arab_Minority_1948_2008/or7VDAAAQBAJ?pg=PA172

Animals in general
https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP83-00415R001300010018-6.pdf

https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/pdf/3323.pdf/

https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/report-pa-still-inciting-hatred

Vampires
Vampires are a known antisemitic trope. Some scholars say that this trope was copied from classic European antisemitism into some parts of the Arab world. Israel and Zionism are sometimes depicted in Palestinian sources as vampires. Vampires are a known antisemitic trope. Some scholars think that this trope was copied from European antisemitism into some parts of the Arab world. Israel and Zionism are sometimes depicted in Palestinian sources as vampires. For example: In 2002 the General Union of Palestinian Students in the University of Manchester circulated a pamphlet describing the Jews as vampires, based on a pro-Nazi fabrication of a speech attributed to Benjamin Franklin. In 2003 a cartoon of Shaul Mofaz, who was then the Israeli defense minister, with vampire's fangs dripping blood appeared in ''Al-Hayat El-Jadida. '' In 2018 the same paper published an article saying that Gaza’s “enemies and the robbers of the land and the homeland are vampires". In 2015 Manal Tamimi, a Palestinian activist who was included at the time in the UN list of "human rights defenders", posted on her Twitter account: “Vampire zionist [sic] celebrating their Kebore day [probably Yom Kippur] by drinking Palestinian bloods".

https://palwatch.org/page/16879

https://palwatch.org/page/8953

https://palwatch.org/page/6322

Octopus/Kraken
"muhsin abu ita" - octopus & snake

https://books.google.co.il/books?id=yvMYaP1WLj0C&pg=PA119

---

Octopuses are a known antisemitic trope. It appeared on the cover of several editions of The Protocols of the Elder of Zion (including one Arab translation).

https://palwatch.org/home/search?q=octopus&x=0&y=0#gsc.tab=0&gsc.q=octopus&gsc.page=1

https://www.google.co.il/books/edition/Nazis_Islamic_Antisemitism_and_the_Middl/XB3EEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&pg=PA17-IA14

https://archive.org/details/alaksaisindanger0000shra/page/52/mode/2up?q=octopus

https://jcpa.org/al-aksa-is-in-danger-libel/al-aksa-libel-forms-of-the-libel/

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Buchcover-mit-dem-Titel-besetztes-Palaestina-filastin-al-muhtalla-1952_fig4_365315663

https://palwatch.org/page/14701

https://palwatch.org/page/8953

https://palwatch.org/page/3930

Worms
https://palwatch.org/page/4061

https://www.google.co.il/books/edition/Arab_Palestinian_Resistance/eKYvAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22zionist+worms%22+palestine&dq=%22zionist+worms%22+palestine&printsec=frontcover

https://koha.birzeit.edu/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=191358

https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/catalog/2880360

Wolves
https://palwatch.org/page/18127

Hyena

https://www.adl.org/sites/default/files/july-december-2014.pdf p 8

Arthropods (Insects, Spiders, Scorpions etc.)
https://palwatch.org/page/18127 scorpion

https://palwatch.org/page/16162 scorpion

https://palwatch.org/page/2171 scorpion

https://palwatch.org/page/30084 mosquito

https://books.google.co.il/books?id=56MvAQAAIAAJ&q=%22zionist+insects%22+palestine&dq=%22zionist+insects%22+palestine&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=1&printsec=frontcover&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjIxeO7kPuFAxXywAIHHUMMBp4Q6AF6BAgHEAI

Spiders

https://palwatch.org/page/13866

https://palwatch.org/page/1105

https://irr.org.za/media/israel-palestine-on-inflammatory-comments-and-hate-speech-politicsweb

Crocodiles
https://palwatch.org/page/34352

https://www.adl.org/resources/blog/arab-cartoons-dehumanize-and-demonize-israel-its-people-and-leadership

Locust
https://www.memri.org/tv/palestinian-news-agency-editor-chief-nasser-al-laham-jews-will-enjoy-security-only-under-arab

https://palwatch.org/page/15359

https://www.google.co.il/books/edition/Political_Learning_and_Citizenship_Educa/KWl_AgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=palestinians+zionists+are+locust&pg=PA77&printsec=frontcover p 77 locust

https://www.impact-se.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Al-Fateh_Report_2009_final.pdf Al-Fateh

https://www.kas.de/en/web/israel/single-title/-/content/veraenderte-formen-der-aufhetzung

https://jcpa.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/INCITEMENT_TO_TERROR_Full_study.pdf

https://www.google.co.il/books/edition/Jews_Israel_and_Peace_in_the_Palestinian/Y8doGwAACAAJ?hl=en

https://www.google.co.il/books/edition/Jews_Israel_and_Peace_in_the_Palestinian/BwTxHAAACAAJ?hl=en

https://www.google.co.il/search?hl=en&q=inpublisher:%22Center+for+Monitoring+the+Impact+of+Peace%22&tbm=bks&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiM9KiL74eGAxUFxQIHHf1vAnMQmxMoAHoECBwQAg&sxsrf=ADLYWII3lzuK3fbJ9WWjlcj_xX3TujicFQ:1715508477863

---

https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/myths-and-facts-quotes