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= Radioactive Rays = According to uranium, thorium, radium, the nuclei of atoms of some heavy elements, in which case they spontaneously split at an infinite speed to form the nucleus of a new element, radiating a special kind of invisible rays. Which invades the photographic plate in the dark, pierces the thin metal sheet, and ionizes the gas as it passes through. These radiated rays are not affected by any factors such as light, pressure, radiation, chemical reactions, etc.

The radiation radiation of atoms of heavy elements is called radioactivity. The elements from which this ray is emitted are called radioactive substances and the emitted rays are called radioactive rays.

= Nature of α, β and Y ( Alpha, Beta, Gamma ) = When an electric field is placed in the direction of the radioactive radiation emitted from a radioactive substance, it splits into three different rays. For example, a part of them protrudes slightly towards the negative pole of the electric field. This is called alpha ray (α-ray). (2) The second part proceeds by leaning a lot towards the opposite side of the alpha ray (towards the positive pole). This part of the radioactive ray is called β-ray. 3) The third part goes out without scattering towards the positive or negative pole. This part of the radioactive ray is called gamma ray (Y -ray).

Radioactive elements
Among the elements found in nature are Polonium (Po), Radon (Rn), Radium (Ra), Actinium (Ac), Tharium (Th), Protectinium (Pa) and Uranium (U). All non-uranium elements are radioactive.

Origin of radioactive ray
α, β and Y - tea ae The nucleus of an atom. If there is too much difference in the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom (if the ratio of neutrons to protons is more than 1.5), the nucleus becomes temporary and self-sufficient. As a result, the nucleus of these atoms begins to break down and the radioactivity of the atoms is observed. In this temporary state of atoms, 5-particles or 3-particles come out of their nuclei. But 5-particles and 4-particles are never emitted from the nucleus at the same time. The emission of c-particles or B-particles results in the formation of new atoms. After the emission of 5 or B-particles from a radioactive element, some extra energy is generated in the nucleus of the atom and in this state the nucleus is in a state of excitation. As a result, this extra energy is emitted in the form of waves.

Activation of radioactive substances
How many radioactives per second from the radioactive material in the corner When an atom breaks down, it is called the activation of that substance. Its units are (i) Bachelor (Bq), (ii) Curie (Ci), (i) SINISCPI (Rd).

The formation of new nuclei in the emission of radioactive rays
From the nucleus of the radioactive element When a-particle or B-particle is emitted, new elements are formed. A 5-particle charge is +2 units and mass is 4 units. As a result, when a 5-particle is emitted from the nucleus of an atom in a corner, its atomic number 2 and mass number decrease. As a result new nucleus is formed i.e. new element is created.

Again, the emission of a B-particle from an atom of a radioactive element will not change the angle of mass of the element (the mass of B-particles is negligible) but the atomic number will increase by 1 unit. The result is the same mass.

Y-rays are electromagnetic waves. Its mass and atomic number are zero. So when a ray is emitted from the nucleus of an atom, the mass and atomic number of the element remain the same That is,? - of ray emission

Uses of Radioactivity
Radioactivity is being used successfully in the treatment of cancer and other diseases. Radioactive I, or radioactive Na is used to determine the mechanism of action of the heart. Radioactive cobalt (Co60) and radioactive senna (Aul28) are used to treat cancer. 2 The use of radioactivity is used in various agricultural sciences. 3) The nature and speed of various chemical reactions are determined. 4) Radioactivity is used to determine the exact age of the earth. The age of fossils is determined by carbon (C) in the radio.