User:Vgallina/sandbox

The Wikipedia article on atrioventricular block is a brief article describing the fundamentals of an atrioventricular blockage and the few specific types that exist. To start, only one reference is used. Though a reliable source, it is not sufficient enough to make the entire Wikipedia article reliable. I think a minimum of five scholarly articles should have been cited to make the article more reliable. By simply reading the article, it is difficult to determine which of the statements were derived from the one cited reference for there is only one in-text citation. Because of this, it is almost impossible to know if the statements written in the article or factual or not. Though the author describes three different types of atrioventricular blocks, it is challenging to understand their descriptions. For example, the first type, a first-degree atrioventricular block, is described as a “PR interval greater than 0.20sec.” This should be further explained in order to interpret the attached image showing its respective cardiac rhythm. The images of the cardiac rhythms are derived from another Wikipedia article, instead of an outside source. I, having no previous knowledge on how to even read a graph of cardiac rhythm, did not know how to interpret those images in order to fully understand the types of cardiac rhythm

For further editing, there should be a description of the implementations of atrioventiruclar blocks, such as its effects on the human body. There should be descriptions of how these blockages are treated and how they could be prevented. I also think the article should include the prevalence of these blockages in the population, particularly common ages of onset or if the blockage exist at birth.

Sexual Differentiation in Humans

A sexual development disorder, known as 46,XX disorder of sex development occurs as a result of translocation defects between chromosomal crossing-over. The SRY gene responsible for sexual differentiation is misplaced on chromosomes affected by this disorder and is put on the X chromosome. This results in a female developing male sex characteristics even without having the Y chromosome.

Source Cited: SRY gene - Genetics Home Reference. (n.d.). Retrieved February 07, 2017, from https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/SRY#conditions

WEEK 4 ASSIGNMENT ON User talk:Mfigueroa12/sandbox

Week 4 my partner and I got together and compiled our material

Week 4

- We plan to contribute by adding more information regarding the different degrees of the block, adding more specific definitions and a better understanding of the block in its entirety.

- We also plan to discuss the different effects and causes of the AV block as well as steps necessary after a block occurs such as necessary treatments.

- How one could identify a heart block and how to treat one.

Bibliography/Websites:

http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/arrhythmias-and-conduction-disorders/atrioventricular-block

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/151597-overview

http://www.uptodate.com/contents/etiology-of-atrioventricular-block

http://ecg.utah.edu/lesson/6

http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/heart-block

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/162007-overview

http://ajcc.aacnjournals.org/content/12/1/77.full

http://www.jems.com/articles/print/volume-39/issue-1/features/how-recognize-treat-heart-block.html

Adding to article:

Though the author describes three different types of atrioventricular blocks, it is challenging to understand their descriptions. For example, the first type, a first-degree atrioventricular block, is described as a “PR interval greater than 0.20sec.” This should be further explained in order to interpret the attached image showing its respective cardiac rhythm. For further editing, there should be a description of the implementations of atrioventiruclar blocks, such as its effects on the human body. There should be descriptions of how these blockages are treated and how they could be prevented. I also think the article should include the prevalence of these blockages in the population, particularly common ages of onset or if the blockage exist at birth. - Victoria Gallina (Partner)

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Week 7

First-Degree Atrioventricular block: The heart’s electrical signals move between the upper and lower chambers of the heart. Out of the three types of atrioventricular block, this is the least severe for it could be asymptomatic and not need any specific treatment.

Second-Degree Atrioventricular block: The heart’s electrical signals between the upper and lower signals of the heart are slowed by a much greater rate than in first-degree atrioventricular block.

There are two subtypes of atrioventricular block:

Mobitz Type 1 and Mobitz Type II

Third Degree Atrioventricular block: The heart’s electrical signals are slowed to a complete halt. This means that none of the the signals reach either the upper or lower chambers causing a complete blockage of the ventricles and can result in cardiac arrest. Third-degree atrioventricular block is the most severe of the types of heart ventricle blockages. Persons suffering from symptoms of third-degree heart block need emergency treatment including but not limited to a pacemaker.

Week 8- MY PORTION

Mobitz I is characterized by a reversible block of the AV node. When the AV node is severely blocked, it fails to conduct an impulse. Mobitz I is a progressive failure. Some patients are asymptomatic; those who have symptoms respond to treatment effectively. There is low risk of the AV block leading to heart attack.

Mobitz II is characterized by a failure of the His-Purkinje cells resulting in the lack of a supra ventricular impulse. These cardiac His-Purkinje cells are responsible for the rapid propagation in the heart. Mobitz II is caused by a sudden and unexpected failure of the His-Purkinje cells. The risks and possible effects of Mobitz II are much more severe than Mobitz I in that it can lead to severe heart attack.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8445186