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= Itin, Vivian Azarievich =

Vivian Azarievich Itin ( 1894 - 1938 ) - Russian Soviet writer and public figure, author of the utopian novel, "The Country of Gonguri".

Biography
Vivian Itin was born on December 26, 1893 ( January 7, 1894 ) into an Orthodox family in Ufa. In 1912, he graduated with honors from a realschule, after which he left for St. Petersburg and entered the Psycho-neurological Institute. In 1913, he was transferred to the law faculty of St. Petersburg (then Petrograd) University. Around the same time, he began to write poetry. In the house of one of the university professors, M. A. Reisner met his daughter Larisa Reisner, who in 1917 submitted to the literary journal, Maxim Gorky's “ Chronicle ” the first fantastic story written by Itin “The Opening of Riel”. Gorky reacted kindly to the story, but the journal closed, leaving the text unpublished.

In the winter of 1917, the People’s Commissariat of Justice, in which Itin worked, was transferred from Petrograd to Moscow, which forced him and Larisa Reisner to leave. In the summer of 1918, Itin went to Ufa to see his relatives and was unable to return due to the revolt of the White Army. Itin got a job as a translator in the American Red Cross mission and went with the mission to Siberia. Once in the war zone, he abandoned the Americans and joined the Red Army, soon becoming, thanks to an incomplete legal education, a member of the revolutionary tribunal. He fought in partisan units.

After the liberation of Siberia, starting in 1920, he worked as the head of the department of justice in Krasnoyarsk and edited a literary page in the newspaper Krasnoyarsk Worker. He married Agrippina Ivanovna Chirikova. Then Itin was transferred to Kansk, where he was simultaneously the head of the departments of agitation and propaganda, political education, the local department of GROWTH, the editor of the newspaper and the chairman of the friendly disciplinary court. At the same time, he miraculously received from Petrograd the preserved manuscript of Riel's Discovery and processed it into the utopian novel, " The Country of Gonguri". He published the book on his own initiative in the printing house of the newspaper, "Kansky Peasant", in 1922. Subsequently, the novel was repeatedly reprinted (including in the new author's edition in 1927 ).

In 1923, Vivian Itin moved to Novonikolaevsk (now - Novosibirsk ). He published the book of poetry, “The Heart of the Sun”, the anti-war novel “Urambo” (1923), the story about aviators “Kaan-Kerede” (1926). In 1926, at the first Siberian Congress of Writers, Itin was elected Secretary of the Board. In the summer of that year, he participated in a hydrographic expedition to survey the Gydan Bay, in 1929  - in the Kara expedition. In 1931, he made a presentation on the Northern Sea Route at the First East Siberian Research Congress in Irkutsk. He also participated in the Kolyma sea voyage on the ship "Lieutenant Schmidt" (1934). From the mouth of the Kolyma, he returned to Novosibirsk by dogsled. Based on his travel experience, he wrote the books “The Eastern Variant”, “Sea Routes of the Northern Arctic”, “Oscillations of the Arctic Ocean Ice Conditions of the USSR”, “Access to the Sea”, and others. He wrote the story “White Whale” based on the adventures of other polar explorers he met.

In 1934, he became the executive editor of the Siberian Lights magazine, the chairman of the board of the West Siberian Writers Association and was a delegate to the First Congress of the Writers' Union. The Siberian Lights magazine published the chapters of his unfinished novel The End of Fear.

On April 30, 1938, Itin was arrested on charges of spying for Japan. By a resolution of the “troika” of the NKVD of the Novosibirsk Region, he was sentenced to death on October 17. Not later than October 22, the sentence was carried out.

On September 11, 1956, Vivian Itin was posthumously rehabilitated with the phrase “for lack of corpus delicti”.

Interesting facts

 * The first edition of"The Country of Gonguri" came out a few months before "Aelita". Along with Alexei Tolstoy, Itin can be considered the one of the first authors of Soviet science-fiction.


 * Vivian Itin was one of the few contemporaries who responded in the Soviet press to the execution of Nikolai Gumilyov . In a review of a collection of poems by Gumilyov published in 1922 in the journal Siberian Lights, he wrote: “The significance of Gumilyov and his influence on contemporaries is enormous. His death for revolutionary Russia will remain a deep tragedy. And no one, I hope, will follow after him: “How simple it is, good and not painful at all” ... ”


 * Vivian Itin is considered the author of the proposal to rename Novonikolaevsk to Novosibirsk.


 * There is an unconfirmed version that Vivian Itin was shot during the escort because he could not walk due to extreme exhaustion. The place of his burial is unknown.


 * In the Soviet press, the biography of Itin “combed” in such a way as not to mention the circumstances of his death; for example, the false date of his death on December 14, 1945 was given, which also fell into the biographical article of the Brief Literary Encyclopedia.


 * Born in 1926 in Novosibirsk, the daughter of Vivian and Agrippina Itin, Larisa Vivianovna Itina ( 1926 - 2015 ), moved to the United States with her husband, and they edited and published a compilation of his works in Russian, using the same title of his book "The Heart of the Sun".
 * Natalia Vivianovna Sheremetinskaya, the daughter of Vivian Azaryevich Itin and Olga Ananevna Sheremetinskaya, born in 1930 in Novosibirsk, lives in Novosibirsk.

Endnotes

 * ↑ In the List of students and outsiders of the Imperial Nikolaev University for the 1912-1913 academic year, Itin Valery Azarievich (son of an official) - born. 1.9.1892, Ufa, with the date of admission to the university — August 1911. Former student of Kazan University (matriculation certificate of the Ufa gymnasium 1911).

Collected Works

 * Vivian Itin. “Double Stars” (Poems)
 * Vivian Itin. “Revelation of Riel ("The Country of Gonguri")” (Novel)
 * Vivian Itin. “The earth has become its own” (Essay)
 * Vivian Itin's work on the BVI website