User:VictoriaARCH447/sandbox

Potential Topics: Stormwater Management

* Permeable paving (developed)

-Bioswales (developed)

~Planning - related to ecology


 * Wet infrastructure (short)
 * Catchwater (medium)
 * Rain Garden ** - project examples - other countries more global example (developed)
 * black water (short)

A rain garden is a garden of native shrubs, perennials, and flowers planted in a small depression, which is generally formed on a natural slope. It is designed to temporarily hold and soak in rain water runoff that flows from roofs, driveways, patios or lawns. Rain gardens are effective in removing up to 90% of nutrients and chemicals and up to 80% of sediments from the rainwater runoff. Compared to a conventional lawn, rain gardens allow for 30% more water to soak into the ground. 12-48 hours China :


 * At the University of Technology in Xi'an China a rain garden was built to observe and study over 4 years. This study showed that over 4 years, there were 28 large storm events in Xi'an. Within these 28 storms, the rain garden was able to retain the rainfall from most of the storms. Only 5 of these storms caused the rain garden to overflow.
 * Rain Gardens in this sub-humid loess region of Xi'an China, are Low Impact Developments (LID).
 * China's plans to implement the "sponge city" program in response to its urban flooding. This program will be centered around nature and will include rain gardens, green roofs, wetlands and more permeable surfaces to slow down storm water retention.