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Hormone receptor

I have selected this topic because I was very much interested in this topic as my undergraduate elective is based on this, I want to learn deeper about hormone receptors.

A hormone receptor is a receptor molecule that binds to a specific hormone. Hormone receptors are a wide family of proteins made up of receptors for thyroid and steroid hormones, retinoids and Vitamin D, and a variety of other receptors for various ligands, such as fatty acids and prostaglandins.

There are two main classes of hormone receptors.

1) Cell surface receptors : cell surface receptors for peptide hormones that are typically trans membrane receptors embedded in the plasma membrane of cells. Trans membrane receptors are receptors for peptide hormones that are typically cell surface receptors located in the plasma membrane of cells.

Example : Insulin

2) Intracellular receptors : Intracellular receptors are receptor proteins found on the inside of the cell, typically in the cytoplasm or nucleus. In most cases, the ligands of intracellular receptors are small, hydrophobic molecules, since they must be able to cross the plasma membrane in order to reach their receptors.

Example :Thyroid hormone

Hormone receptors are proteins that bind hormones. Once bound, the hormone/receptor complex initiates a chain of cellular effects resulting in some modification of physiology or behaviour. Hormones usually require receotor binding to mediate a cellular response into