User:Vikram maingi/NCERT Text Book Solutions - Class VII History

NCERT or National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT, राष्ट्रीय शैक्षिक अनुसंधान और प्रशिक्षण परिषद), is an organisation set up by the Government of India, with headquarters located at Sri Aurbindo Marg in New Delhi, to assist and advise the central and state governments on academic matters related to school education.The Government of India's Ministry of Education resolved on 27 July 1961 to establish the National Council of Educational Research and Training, which formally began its operation on 1 September 1961.

Class VII Books and solutions
NCERT books are based upon the curriculum/syllabus defined by CBSE. These syllabus are periodically reviewed and revised. The NCERT book for a particular subject is divided into various chapters and every chapter has a set of questions following the chapter. This section provides links to various subjects of respective classes, where subjects can browse the answers to the questions and update them if required. Solutions to the Class VII Books for the following classes can be accesses via below links:-
 * 1) English
 * 2) Hindi(हिन्दी))
 * 3) Mathematics
 * 4) Social Studies
 * 5) History
 * 6) Civics
 * 7) Geography
 * 8) Science

Solution to History Book Questions
This section covers solutions to all the chapters mentioned in NCERT History test book (Our Pasts-2) for Class VII

Chapter 01 Tracing Changes Through a Thousand Years History
The Questions with Answers of this chapter are provided below :-

Question 1. Who was considered a "foreigner" in the past?

Answer Any stranger who was not a part of that society or culture was considered a "foreigner" in the past. A city-dweller, therefore, might have regarded a forest-dweller as a "foreigner".

Question 2. State whether true or false:

(a) We do not find inscriptions for the period after 700.

Answer: False

(b) The Marathas asserted their political importance during this period.

Answer: True

(c) Forest-dwellers were sometimes pushed out of their lands with the spread of agricultural settlements.

Answer: True

(d) Sultan Ghiyasuddin Balban controlled Assam, Manipur and Kashmir.

Answer: False

Question 3. Fill in the blanks:

(a) Archives are places where ——————— are kept.

(b) —————— was a fourteenth-century chronicler.

(c) ——, ———, ———, ——— and ——— were some of the new crops introduced into the subcontinent during this period.

Answer

(a) Archives are places where manuscripts are kept.

(b) Ziyauddin Barani was a fourteenth-century chronicler.

(c) Potatoes, corn, chillies, tea and coffee were some of the new crops introduced into the subcontinent during this period.

Question 4. List some of the technological changes associated with this period.

Answer The technological changes associated with this period are:

(i) The Persian wheel for irrigation.

(ii) The spinning wheel in weaving.

(iii) Firearms in combat.

Question 5. What were some of the major religious developments during this period?

Answer The major religious developments during this period:

(i) Important changes occurred in the Hinduism religion which included the worship of new deities.

(ii) Hindus started the construction of temples by royalty.

(iii) Importance of Brahmanas and the priests grown and they became dominant groups of the society.

(iv) There was also the emergence of the idea of bhakti i.e. of a loving, personal deity.

(v) During this period, new religions like Islam appeared in the subcontinent who brought the teachings of holy Quran.

(vi) Many rulers were patrons of Islam and the ulama.

Question 6. In what ways has the meaning of the term “Hindustan” changed over the centuries?

Answer The meaning of the term "Hindustan" changed over the centuries:

(i) In the 13th century, Minhaj-i-Siraj, a chronicler who wrote in Persian used "Hindustan" in a political sense for lands that were a part of the dominions of the Delhi Sultan.

(ii) In 13th century, Hindustan never included south India. It meant the areas of Punjab, Haryana and the lands between the Ganga and Yamuna.

(iii) In 14th century poet Amir Khusrau used the word "Hind" for the culture and the people of Indus river.

(iv) But in the early 16th century Babur used Hindustan to describe the geography, the fauna and the culture of the inhabitants of the subcontinent.

(v) Earlier, the term "Hindustan" never carried the political and national meanings which we associate with it today. But now this terms is used for nowadays India.

Question 7. How were the affairs of jatis regulated?

Answer (i) The affairs of jatis were regulated by an assembly of elders which is also known as jati panchayat in some areas.

(ii) Jatis framed their own rules and regulations to manage the conduct of their members.

(iii) Jatis were also required to follow the rules of their villages governed by a chieftain.

Question 8. What does the term pan-regional empire mean?

Answer The term pan-regional empire mean the empires which were spanning diverse regions which was expanded to a larger area or regions like dynasties of Cholas, Khaljis, Tughluqs and Mughals.

Question 9. What are the difficulties historians face in using manuscripts?

Answer Difficulties faced by historians in using manuscripts:

(i) There was no printing press in those days so scribes copied manuscripts by hand which were difficult to read and understand.

(ii) During copying, scribes also introduced small changes in a word or sentence which grew over centuries of copying.

(iii) Original manuscript of the author rarely found today so they are totally dependent upon the copies made by later scribes.

(iv) Historians have to read different manuscript versions of the same text to guess what the author had originally written.

Question 10. How do historians divide the past into periods? Do they face any problems in doing so?

Answer Historians divide the past into periods on the basis of economic and social factors to characterise the major elements of different moments of the past.

(i) The historians faced a lot of problems because time itself reflects changes in social and economic, organisation, in the persistence and transformation of ideas and beliefs.

(ii) Therefore, describing the entire period as one historical unit is not without its problems.

(iii) "Modernity”" also carries a sense of material progress and intellectual advancement.

(iv) The study of time is made somewhat easier by dividing the past into large segments periods which possess shared characteristics.

Chapter 02 New Kings and Kingdoms History
The Questions with Answers of this chapter are provided below :-

Question 2. Who were the parties involved in the "tripartite struggle"?

Answer: The parties involved in the "tripartite struggle" were:

(i) Gurjara-Pratiharas

(ii) Rashtrakutas

(iii) Palas

Question 3. What were the qualifications necessary to become a member of a committee of the sabha in the Chola Empire?

Answer: Qualifications necessary to become a member of a committee of the sabha in the Chola Empire:

(i) Members of the sabha should be owners of land from which land revenue is collected.

(ii) They should have their own homes.

(iii) They should be between 35 and 70 years of age.

(iv) They should have knowledge of the Vedas.

(v) They should be well-versed in administrative matters and honest.

(vi) Not has been a member of any committee in the last three years.

(vii) They should submit his accounts as well as of relatives to contest election.

Question 4. What were the two major cities under the control of the Chahamanas?

Answer: Delhi and Ajmer were the two major cities under the control of the Chahamanas.

Question 5. How did the Rashtrakutas become powerful?

Answer: Rise of power of Rashtrakutas:

(i) Rashtrakutas were initially subordinate to the Chalukyas of Karnataka.

(ii) In the mid 8th century, chief of Rashtrakuta Dantidurga overthrew his Chalukya overlord and performed a ritual called hiranya-garbha which gave him the title of Kshatriya even if he was not one by birth.

(iii) When they gained power and wealth, they declared themselves independent from their overlords.

(iv) They fought with Gurjara-Pratihara and Pala dynasties fought for control over Kanauj to demonstrate their power. This is how they rose to power.

Question 6. What did the new dynasties do to gain acceptance?

Answer: (i) The new dynasties were based in specific regions and existing kings often acknowledged them as their subordinates or samantas.

(ii) They gained power and wealth to declare themselves maha-samanta, maha-mandaleshvara and so on.

(iii) They asserted their independence from their overlords.

(iv) They performed rituals to declare themselves to be Kshatriya with the help of Brahmanas.

(v) They fought war with neighbouring regions to gain power and also built temple to acknowledge it.

Question 7. What kind of irrigation works were developed in the Tamil region?

Answer: Kind of irrigation works developed in the Tamil region:

(i) Water from the channels of river Kaveri provided the necessary moisture for agriculture.

(ii) Some areas wells were dug and in some places huge tanks were constructed to collect rainwater.

(iii) Embankments were built to prevent flooding.

(iv) Canals were constructed to carry water to the fields.

(v) Sluice-gate were built to regulated the outflow of water from a tank into the channels that irrigated the fields.

Question 8. What were the activities associated with Chola temples?

Answer: Activities associated with Chola temples:

(i) Temple were centres of craft production and were also endowed with land by rulers as well as by others.

(ii) They were not only places of worship but also were the hub of economic, social and cultural life as well.

(iii) Priests, garland makers, cooks, sweepers, musicians, dancers, etc. live near the temple and many activities performed in temples.

(iv) Temples were also associated with the making of bronze images which are considered amongst the finest in the world.