User:VillusionV/sandbox

Possible Articles to Work on
ClickFix#External_links- I can research and suggest the addition of the Ring doorbell system in improving the article and the contribution to neighborhood security. There is little evidence how these specific services contribute to the safety of these neighborhood. I would be filling in this gap.

Loomio#External_links- I can research how these services compare to those collaborative environments of iCloud and Google drive and why Loomia specifically is used by governments and agencies rather than their substitute.

Resistbot#External_links - I can research the ability of political leaders and offices and their ability of receiving these emails and or viewing these requests from the company. For example, they could have trouble viewing the information and answering back citizens who send them emails.

Article Evaluation: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Civic_technology&oldid=978621382

The reference to the $25.5 Billion of which the government spends on external information technology seems to be out of date- the article cited is from 2016. It would be preferred to add a more up to date figure. Additionally the precise way that the COVID-19 pandemic has affected government spending in this sector and/or if civic hacking became less of a problem in this period. In addition, the article in footnote 22 uses language that may hint at potential bias on the topic. VillusionV (talk) 00:49, 16 September 2020 (UTC)VillusionV

Finalize your topic/Find your sources

I am planning on writing about the company WattTime, an artificial intelligence firm that uses satellites to track the air pollution from power plants and makes this data public. I looked on Wiki and it doesn't look like there is a single article about the firm so I will be creating a Wiki article from scratch. I will start by explaining the background of the firm, elaborate on its operations, and then dive into an unbiased description of WattTime's impact on various societies and communities. Also, I will talk about projects that WattTime are working on and collaborations between WattTime and different corporations.

Ranked Voting
Possible Sources

Ranked-choice voting in the United States

Instant-runoff voting

https://ballotpedia.org/Ranked-choice_voting_(RCV)

https://www.fairvote.org/rcv#where_is_ranked_choice_voting_used

https://www.columbian.com/news/2020/feb/18/in-our-view-ranked-choice-voting-cons-outweigh-the-pros/

https://my.lwv.org/vermont/article/pros-and-cons-instant-runoff-ranked-choice-voting

https://time.com/5718941/ranked-choice-voting/

https://www.browndailyherald.com/2020/10/14/walsh-23-promises-pitfalls-ranked-choice-voting/

https://www.wbur.org/cognoscenti/2020/10/15/ranked-choice-voting-question-2-tanisha-m-sullivan-jesse-mermell

https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/07/politics/maine-ranked-choice-voting-supreme-court/index.html

https://www.bostonherald.com/2020/10/12/massachusetts-republican-party-says-ranked-choice-voting-raises-potential-for-rigged-elections/

https://news.yahoo.com/is-rankedchoice-voting-a-better-way-to-decide-elections-153811346.html?guccounter=1

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/vetting.asp

Ranked Choice Voting (RCV)
Ranked Choice Voting is a electoral selection technique used to provide assurance and security for all voters by providing them the option to rank political candidates based upon personal preference: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and so on, rather than indicating support for only one candidate. A vote is given to the voter's first preference if permissible, however, if the chosen candidate drops out of the race or is eliminated, rather than being disposed of in a regular election, the vote is transferred to the back-up or 2nd choice.

==== Process ====


 * 1) Voters rank the candidates by preference on their ballots (most preferred candidates followed by back up candidates).
 * 2) The candidate with the majority (more than 50%) of 1st choice votes (the number one spot on the ballot) wins the election outright.

In the circumstance that there is no majority winner ( no candidate receives more than 50% of the total votes, then the race is decided by an Instant-runoff which shows a comparison of the top two candidates head to head.

Instant Runoff Process
Instant Runoff Voting is similar to Single Transferable Voting in that with IRV, the goal is a majority representation of total votes in a district, rather than proportional representation of all voting blocks/districts.
 * 1) In the process of an Instant-runoff, if no candidate receives a majority of each voter's top choice, then the candidate with the fewest number of votes is eliminated from the race and voters.
 * 2) That being said, 1st preference votes for the eliminated candidate will have their votes count for the next choice.
 * 3) A new vote is counted adjusted using Instant-runoff to determine if any candidate wins an outright majority.
 * 4) This process is repeated with the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th choices until a candidate receives this voter majority.

Related Terminology
The term Instant-runoff is used in two contexts.


 * 1) As a synonym for Ranked Choice Voting
 * 2) As a description of Ranked Choice Voting processes specifically around voting circumstances where no voter holds such a majority. It is essentially a contingency process within another process- only used when necessary. (Used in single winner elections only)

Single Transferable Voting
The term Single transferable vote is sometimes used synonymously with Ranked Choice Voting. Single Transferrable Voting (STV) is categorized more clearly as a voting system designed to nearly resemble "proportional representation" through multiple constituencies rather than one. Under STD, a voter will cast a single ballot in a country or region which will elect multiple winners. Despite the difference, since both STV and RCV share similar process, in certain circumstances, they can be used interchangeable. Similar to the process involved in RCV, if there are more running candidates than available spaces on any board, then the candidate with the least amount of votes is eliminated and their votes are given to the candidate of which is the voter's back-up.

Pros
Advocates of Ranked Choice Voting argue that RCV promotes majority support: the voting process continues until the winner is selected using a majority of votes, thus gaining support and favor over a greater majority of people. Subsequently, RCV provides more choice for voters over candidates they choose, potentially, minimizing strategic voting in which a voter may feel compelled to vote for the lesser of two evils." For candidates that run a negative campaigning strategy, verbally harming and demeaning their running-mates, they may see a decline in voter turn out due to this behavior that some voters might frown upon. Compared to running primary elections, in order to decrease the amount of candidates running for a particular position, a ranked choice voting system may cost less to run due to the requirement of only one election, rather than multiple primaries or run-off elections to narrow down the field.

Examples
Some examples of RCV elections are shown below. The first table shows the process of RCV and the second demonstrates how Instant Runoff Voting plays a role in these elections. These examples have been taken from Ballotpedia and represents hypothetical situations to demonstrate a process and clarify a concept.

Example 1:
Hypothetically speaking, there are four candidates running for a political election, the figure about shows the first preference votes based on each candidate and the accompanied percentages of total votes.

According to the results of the first election, no candidate received an outright majority, with the largest being candidate A with 46.34%. Based on Instant Runoff Election strategy, the candidate with the lowest total votes is to be eliminated, so in this case, candidate D is eliminated. As follows, the first-preference votes for the eliminated candidate are given to voter back-ups. For the sake of the example, assume that of the total 75 votes Candidate D received, Candidate A was listed as their second choice by 50 voters, and Candidate B was listed as a second preference by 25 of the voters.

Example 2:
The second example will demonstrate how the concept of Instant Runoff is used to achieve a winner in a RCV system in the case that a majority is not initially secured. According to the figure in example two, Candidate A received 51.22% of the votes among the second tally, therefore, winning the election.

Response to Peer Review
Since I had to delete and create a new article after the peer review assignment was due, I do not have any peer reviews. Instead I will address the points that I will need to fix and hope to add in the same context as the peer reviews were done. First, regarding the original article, the Lead Section is too broad and has too much unnecessary information that I will need to clean up. I will need to very briefly introduce other topics that I will talk about. Secondly, I have created individual categories and organized very clearly the topics which I hope to add to the existing article. The article itself, and my added revisions, have a good encyclopedia tone and there is no bias in anything so I am covered in that aspect. I will next need to add a section addressing the Pros and Cons of Ranked Choice Voting, and bring up to date the existing information regarding where is it to be used. In accordance with the sources I am using, they are all up to date created in 2020, and are very reliable secondary sources ranging from government websites to well recognized institutions. All of the information I am adding is on topic and relates to the topic and my while cross referencing other articles and concepts, I maintain the unbiased and clear tone. I paid and will pay careful attention to describe everything in detail so that the youngest of audiences can understand and while delivering it in a sophisticated manner.