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HISTORY ABOUT FIRST EVIDENCE OF CRICKET
The history of cricket is very quite unknown when and who started it but, it is believed that cricket was started about 1000 years ago probably after Roman Empire. Research of cricket suggest that, cricket arose from the club-ball game ( a club striking a ball ). No other evidence has been found about the history of cricket. History of cricket is rather dark and unknown although its not too long before cricket was started. HISTORY OF CRICKET FROM 16TH CENTURY TO 18TH CENTURY ( GROWTH OF CRICKET):From past to present Since, there is no exact evidence about history of cricket, we can assume that the history of cricket began from late 16th century. At that time, cricket used to be the game of children. The first known participation of adult in cricket was in early 17 the century in 1611, who missed the church on Sunday while playing the cricket and they were fined for it. http://www.cricketforworld.com/2010/10/history-of-cricket.html

===== The birth and the journey through centuries ===== The first published references to cricket were in the late 1600s, when fines were handed out for those missing church to play. One theory suggests origins of the game being among shepherds hitting a stone with their crooks and, at the same time, defending the wicket gate into the sheep fold.The other theory traces the word criquet to the Flemish krickstoel, a piece of furniture on which one kneels in church.In its infancy, cricket was very much an English sport but with the British Empire growing fast, many expatriates took the game with them to such far-flung places as Australia, Africa, the Caribbean and India. Birth of Cricket '''• First reference in Guildford in 1598 • First published reference in 1600s''' The former colonies still take great pleasure in beating England at their own game.When Australia defeated England in 1882, despite having the legendary W G Grace in its ranks, a mock obituary ran in the Sporting Times “in affectionate remembrance of English cricket, which died at the Oval on 29th August, 1882.http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1157_cricket_history/index.shtml

Important Dates in cricket history
In attempting to bring up to date this chronology of cricket which first appeared in the 1941 edition, I have not aimed at any detailed recension. The preoccupations of war no doubt prevented many of those who may then have glanced at it from pointing out to me inaccuracies and omissions, which I expect are still to be found in it, and the identification of which I would, of course, welcome. As I wrote in 1941, I have for the most part omitted any data covered by the Cricket Records pages in Wisden and have concentrated on events that seemed to mark the evolution and extension of the game. 1300	First probable reference to cricket: in the wardrobe accounts of King Edward I: locality Newenden, Kent. 1550(c.)Cricket played at The Free School at Guildford. 1595	G. Florio's Italian-English Dictionary mentions cricket. 1647	Probable reference to cricket being played by Winchester Scholars on St. Catherine's Hill, in a Latin Poem by Robert Matthew. 1654	Seven parishioners of Eltham fined for playing cricket on Lord's Day. 1665(c.)John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, playing cricket at old St. Paul's School. 1676	First reference to cricket outside England, played by the navy at Aleppo. 1697	First reference to a definite match: Eleven a side in Sussex.Foreign Post, July 7. 1706	First full description of a cricket match: in a Latin Poem written by William Goldwin of Eton, and King's, Cambridge. 1710	First reference to cricket at the University: Cambridge. 1719	First County Match: Kent v. London. 1729	Date of earliest surviving bat: inscribed J. C. (John Chitty) 1729. This bat is in the Pavilion at The Oval. 1743	Picture of a match by Francis Hayman, now at Lord's. 1744	June 18. The first great match of which the full score is preserved: Kent v. All-England on the Artillery Ground, Finsbury, which has continued ever since to be the ground of the H.A.C. This match, which was won by Kent by one wicket, was described in full by James Love in his Cricket: a Heroic Poem published the same year. The first known issue of the Laws of Cricket: these, undoubtedly a recension of a far earlier code, were drawn up by the London Club of which Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and father of George III, was President. First recorded charge for admission: 6d. to the Artillery Ground. 1791	Publication of the first record of match scores by Samuel Britcher: these subsequently covered the chief matches till 1805. 1796	A match between Eton and Westminster at Hounslow: first recorded school match, played in defiance of Dr. Heath, Headmaster of Eton, who flogged the whole eleven on their return; Eton lost by 66 runs. 1800	Publication of first book on cricket technique, by Thomas Boxall. 1804?	A match between Eton and Harrow. 1805	Eton play Harrow at Lord's and win by an innings. Lord Byron, the poet, was in the Harrow XI. 1806	First Gentlemen v. Players match at Lord's 1807	First mention of the straight-armed (i.e. round-arm) bowling, by John Willes of Kent. 1809	Lord's second ground opened at North Bank. 1810	Lowest score ever recorded in a first-class match: 6 by The Bs v. England at Lord's. 1814	Lord's third ground opened on present site: the original turf of the first ground was transplanted at each move. 1817	First two separate centuries: 107 and 157 by William Lambert for Sussex v. Epsom at Lord's. 1845	Surrey County Cricket Club established, and first match on The Oval. July 18, W. G. Grace born. 1849	First Yorkshire v. Lancashire match. 1850	J. Wisden bowls all ten batsmen in one innings, North v.South. 1851	Oxford University C.C. rents The Magdalen Ground, Cowley, for a University Ground: they migrated to their present quarters in The Parks in 1881. 1902	Easter classes for boys instituted at Lord's. 1903	Abortive agitation for wider wickets and Timeless Tests. First representative Public Schools' XI play M.C.C. at Lord's. 1905	Australian Board of Control set up. 1909	Imperial Cricket Conference constituted: M.C.C., Australia and South Africa the original members... 1911	Warwickshire champions: first county to be so outside the big nine who had originated the championship. The last instance of a genuine double blue in the University match: D. C. Collins played for Cambridge v. Oxford this year and next year rowed bow in the University Boat Race. 1912	The first and the only Triangular Tournament in England. First Trial Matches for the Tests. First Test Match in England for which more than three days were allowed: the last match at the Oval, as the rubber depended on it, was to be played to a finish; it lasted four days and was won by England. 1926	India, New Zealand and West Indies admitted to the Imperial Cricket Conference. Sir Francis Lacey, Secretary M.C.C. 1898-1926, knighted. 1932-3	The body-line controversy during the M.C.C. tour in Australia 1935	M.C.C. condemn body-line bowling and issue instructions to umpires against its future practice. 1937	M.C.C. appoint a County Cricket Commission to examine and report on the state of county cricket. 1937	Sir Pelham Warner knighted. 1938	Test Matches at Lord's televised for the first time. 1952	M.C.C. Youth Cricket Association established for the above purpose: many counties create Youth Cricket Councils and hold courses for training schoolmasters and youth leaders in the new technique of Group Coaching. Pakistan admitted to Imperial Cricket Conference. 1953	Sir Henry Leveson Gower, Vice-President of Surrey, knighted.[]

Suspension of South Africa
The greatest crisis to hit international cricket was brought about by apartheid, the South African policy of racial segregation. The situation began to crystallise after 1961 when South Africa left the Commonwealth of Nations and so, under the rules of the day, its cricket board had to leave the International Cricket Conference (ICC). Cricket's opposition to apartheid intensified in 1968 with the cancellation of England's tour to South Africa by the South African authorities, due to the inclusion of "coloured" cricketer Basil D’Oliveira in the England team. In 1970, the ICC members voted to suspend South Africa indefinitely from international cricket competition. Ironically, the South African team at that time was probably the strongest in the world.

When was the first tri-series for cricket held
The first tri-series Test tournament was held in England in 1912, between England, Australia, and South Africa, and was won by England. The first tri-series ODI tournament was held in Australia in 1979, between Australia, West Indies, and England, and was won by West Indies. There appears to have only been one T20 tri-series (all the other tournaments in the list had more than three teams) so far, held in 2010 between Kenya, Uganda, and Scotland, and the hosts Kenya were the victors.http://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/3211/when-was-the-first-tri-series-for-cricket-held

Sir Donald Bradman
In a nutshell Unquestionably the greatest batsman in the game, arguably the greatest cricketer ever, and one of the finest sportsmen of all time, Don Bradman was so far ahead of the competition as to render comparisons meaningless and to transcend the game he gracedSir Donald Bradman of Australia was, beyond any argument, the greatest batsman who ever lived and the greatest cricketer of the 20th century. Only WG Grace, in the formative years of the game, even remotely matched his status as a player. And The Don lived on into the 21st century, more than half a century after he retired. In that time, his reputation not merely as a player but as an administrator, selector, sage and cricketing statesman only increased. His contribution transcended sport; his exploits changed Australia's relationship to what used to be called the "mother country". http://www.bradman.com.au/donald-bradman-statistics-the-greatest-ever/

ONE DAY CRICKET
A "one day match", named so because each match is planned for finishing point in a single day. The one day cricket entertainment has evolved from its first phase around the era of the World Series cricket of the 1970s and is now the mainly watched and most exhilarating form of the game. In the late 1970s, Kerry Packer recognized the contender World Series Cricket (WSC) contest. The worldwide one-day game is a twentieth-century development. The first ODI was played on 5 January 1971 between Australia and England at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. A One Day International (ODI) is a form of Limited over’s cricket, in which a rigid number of over’s, as a rule 50, but in the past 40, 45 or 60 over’s, are played involving two teams with international grade. The Cricket World Cup is played in this configuration. One Day International games are also called "Limited Overs Internationals (LOI)", because they are limited overs cricket matches among national sides, and if the weather mess about they are not always completed in one day. http://www.indianmirror.com/games/cricket/cricket-oneday.html

1. Don Bradman's 99.94 Test Career Batting Average
In 80 Test cricket innings, Don Bradman -- aka 'The Don' -- scored his runs at an average of 99.94. The next guy on the Test batting averages list managed a tick over 60. We can do all sorts of mathematical comparisons with these numbers but they would all show one thing: Bradman is the best batsman the game has seen. That Test average of 99.94 is a number you need to know, a kind of shorthand for Bradman's exceptional talent. Just for good measure, his overall first-class average of 95.14 is unlikely to be beaten either.

2. Muttiah Muralitharan's 1347 International Wickets
Murali was only 20 when he first bowled for Sri Lanka. He turned a few heads with his unusual style, not to mentioned sparked a few controversies, but it soon proved effective as he baffled batsmen around the world. Nearly 20 years later, he had 800 Test wickets, 534 one-day international wickets -- both records -- as well as 13 Twenty20 International wickets. For someone to challenge Muralitharan's numbers, they would have to be capable of bowling for long periods of a match, remain injury-free for two decades, and be consistently amongst the best bowlers on the international circuit. It's conceivable, but they will have to be as freakish as Murali.

3. Jack Hobbs' 61,760 First-Class Runs
The game we call cricket simply is not the same game that Sir Jack Hobbs dominated in the early part of the 20th Century. Matches were longer, conditions tougher, and international schedules were limited (of Hobbs' 834 first-class matches, only 61 were Tests). It was a game for gentlemen of leisure, not an intensely physical sport played by professional athletes. It's fitting, then, that Hobbs was by all accounts a true gentleman, and his favourite pastime was to score copious amounts of runs. The game has moved on from Hobbs' era, making his 61,760 first-class runs a relic rather than a realistic target, but he will always be remembered as a legend of the game.

4. Jim Laker's Test Match Bowling Figures of 19/90
That shorthand stands for 19 wickets, 90 runs. In other words, out of 20 Australian wickets to fall at Old Trafford in 1956, England off-spinner Jim Laker missed only one. Ten wickets in a Test match is considered an exceptional achievement; 19 victims is absurd. By comparison, Laker's England colleagues sent down 123 overs between them and only managed one wicket. Ten wickets in a Test innings has been repeated - Anil Kumble did it 1999 - but 19 in a match? We'll almost certainly never see it again.

5. Wilfred Rhodes' 4204 First-Class Wickets
Like Jack Hobbs, Wilfred Rhodes played in a less strenuous era, such that it was possible for him to bowl his slow left-arm spin for England well into his fifties. 4204 career wickets is a testament to his longevity in the game, although you don't set this kind of record without being competitive. To be sure that Rhodes' record will never be topped, you need only look at Muttiah Muralitharan, who took roughly half as many wickets in a twenty-year career.

6. Australia's 16 Consecutive Test Wins
It isn't entirely surprising that Australia were capable of this feat during their recent golden years. They managed 16 consecutive Test match wins twice, first between 1999-2001 under Steve Waugh and second between 2005-2008 under Ricky Ponting, and nobody would have doubted that they had the talent and desire to do it. However, the real problem with beating this record is the weather. Cricket relies on sunny skies more than most other sports, and the conditions in which Test cricket can be played are strict. A team even playing 16 consecutive Tests without weather interruption is unusual, let alone winning them all. If it ever happens again, you can chalk it up to luck just as much as to skill.

7. Chaminda Vaas' One Day International Bowling Figures of 8/19
left-arm pacer Chaminda Vaas scalped the best one day international bowling figures of all time in 2001. Vaas is still the only player to take eight wickets in a one day international. It's possible, of course, that someone in the future could take nine or even ten, but to do so would be miraculous given the batsman-centric nature of ODIs.

8. Graham Gooch's 456 Runs in a Test Match
In 1990, England captain Graham Gooch hit the highest peak of his prolific career by scoring 456 runs in one Test against India. His 333 in the first innings would have given him glory enough, but he then went out and smashed a quick 123 in the second innings as England chased a win, which they duly managed. Super-long innings are becoming rarer and rarer in Test cricket as the influence of Twenty20 extends to the longest form of the game, so it's hard to see Gooch's mark being surpassed.

9. Phil Simmons' Economy Rate of 0.3 in a One Day International
If you bowl out ten overs in a one-dayer, the yardstick for a good performance to finish with an economy rate of less than four runs per over (that's under 40 runs conceded). Against Pakistan in 1992, the West Indies' Phil Simmons gave away just three runs for an economy rate of 0.3 runs per over. ODIs have become much more attack-minded since, so Simmons -- who was primarily a batsman -- can be confident that his run rate won't be bettered.

10. Chris Gayle's Twenty20 Hundred Off 30 Balls
In the early days of Twenty20 cricket, back in 2004, Australian Andrew Symonds bludgeoned a hundred for the English county team Kent off just 34 balls. That record stood until IPL 2013, in which Chris Gayle's 175 not out for Royal Challengers Bangalore came off an incredible 30 balls. It was the fastest hundred in the history of top-level cricket and also beat Brendon McCullum's seemingly unbeatable Twenty20 high score of 158 not out. 200 by a single player in a Twenty20 match now looks achievable, but a century off 30 balls? That's purely astonishing.http://cricket.about.com/od/history/tp/Top-10-Most-Unbeatable-Cricket-Records.html

===== Sachin Tendulkar ===== Sachin Tendulkar was born April 24, 1973 in Bombay, India. Given his first cricket bat at the age 11, Tendulkar was just 16 when he became India's youngest Test cricketer. In 2005 he became the first cricketer to score 35 centuries (100 runs in a single inning) in Test play. In 2007 Tendulkar reached another major milestone, becoming the first player to record 15,000 runs in one-day international play. Professional Play Tendulkar made his debut in international competition at 16 with a match against Pakistan in Karachi. He wasted little time matching the expectations surrounding his arrival on the professional field. At the age of 18 he scored a pair of centuries in Australia, then in 1994 racked up a score of 179 in a match against the West Indies. Tendulkar was just 23 when he was named captain of his country's team for the 1996 World Cup. While the tournament proved to be a disappointment for his club, Tendulkar did nothing to diminish his own standing as one of the world's dominant players. He finished out the World Cup as the event's top scorer. Just one month later he registered another first, a "double century" in a match against South Africa. That same year he was named the 2010 International Cricket Council Cricketer of the Year. In April 2011 Tendulkar chalked up another milestone when he led India to a World Cup victory, his first in his long career. During the tournament, the batsman again showed why he's one of the sport's greatest athletes by becoming the first batsman to score 2,000 runs and six centuries in World Cup play.http://www.biography.com/people/sachin-tendulkar-9503921?page=1

Overview Twenty20 cricket
Twenty20 cricket, often referred to as the “short game” involves each team only playing a single innings, batting each for a maximum of 20 overs. The timespan of a typical Twenty20 game is just under 3 hours, each innings therefore lasting 75 mins, and this brings the game more in line with other popular sports such as football or rugby. The game was conceived by the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) with the aim of creating a faster and more exciting version of cricket. The board stressed, however, that Twenty20 was not created to replace the traditional “long game”, but rather to complement it, with a view to attracting more interest in the game as a whole.

Brief History
As previously mentioned, Twenty20 cricket began in 2003 in the English domestic game, the idea being conceived by the England and Wales Cricket Board. When the Benson and Hedges Cup finished in 2002, the board needed to replace it with a new competition. It was also hoped that it would attract more youngsters to the game, and after 4 years, it appears to have been successful in this respect. Soon after, South Africa also incorporated Twenty20 cricket into their domestic game. On the domestic scene, the first Twenty20 game to be held at Lords was between Middlesex and Surrey on July 15th 2004. The game attracted a staggering 26,500 spectators, the largest crowd for any one-day county cricket game, since 1953. The first men’s full international Twenty20 game played was between Australia and New Zealand in February 2005. The game was, however, taken in an extremely light-hearted manner, with both teams sporting 80s retro-style wear, including fake moustaches and beards.http://www.talkcricket.co.uk/guides/history_of_twenty_20.html ===== Twenty20 Cricket Rules ===== General Rules In a single innings, each of the bowlers can bowl a maximum of only one-fifth of the total overs i.e. 4 overs in a total of 20 overs. If a bowler ever delivers a ball overstepping the popping crease, it is a no-ball. The batting team gets one run for the ball and the next delivery is a free hit. In other words, in the next ball, the batsmen can only be dismissed through a run out. If either of the umpires believes that a team is wasting time, he can award a five-run penalty, at his own discretion. In a normal T20 game, the interval lasts for 15 minutes. However, in a reduced-overs match, it can be cut to 10 minutes. If, and only if, each of the two teams has faced (or had the opportunity to face) five overs, will be a match deemed to have played. In each Twenty20 cricket match, one short-pitched ball is allowed per over. To calculate a team's net run rate, the average runs per over scored by that team is deducted from the average runs per over scored against it.http://twenty20worldcup.cricketworld4u.com/rules.php

Spot-Fixing Scandal For many Pakistanis, weighed down by their country’s descent into biblical levels of violence and flooding, there was a sense of a final straw in the crude betting scandal that broke over the weekend around the Pakistani cricket team, whose players have long been idols with feet of clay in a nation with few exemplars elsewhere to sustain fragile pride. Even as the Pakistani team faced humiliating defeat by England in a game played on the hallowed grasses of Lord’s ground in London, traditionally regarded as the home of cricket, Scotland Yard detectives interrogated three of the team’s key players — including the captain and an 18-year-old novice who has been the team’s star performer in its series with England — in their hotel on Saturday night.

The detectives told team managers that they had been tipped to a “spot fixing” scandal that was about to be splashed across the front page of Sunday’s News of the World, Britain’s most widely circulated tabloid.http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/30/world/europe/30cricket.html?_r=0 Three Pakistan cricketers have been jailed for their part in a "spot-fixing" scam following the verdict of a corruption trial in London.

Former captain Salman Butt, 27, and fast bowler Mohammad Asif, 28, were both found guilty of conspiracy to cheat and conspiracy to accept corrupt payments. Another bowler, Mohammad Amir, admitted the charges before the trial.They plotted to deliberately bowl no-balls during a Lord's Test match against England last summer.Following the verdict, leading cricketing figures said the scandal had "tainted" cricket and they were concerned that match-fixing in the sport could be even more widespread than was already known.Calls were also made for the International Cricket Council to carry out more in-depth investigations into fixing allegations. And the Met Police and Crown Prosecution Service said the trio had let down the cricketing world and its fans.http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-15541821

Development of the laws The basic rules of cricket such as bat and ball, the wicket, pitch dimensions, over's, how out, etc. have existed since time immemorial. In 1728, the Duke of Richmond and Alan Brodick drew up "Articles of Agreement" to determine the code of practice in a particular game and this became a common feature, especially around payment of stake money and distributing the winnings given the importance of gambling. World Series Cricket The money problems of top cricketers were also the root cause of another cricketing crisis that arose in 1977 when the Australian media magnate Kerry Packer fell out with the Australian Cricket Board over TV rights. Taking advantage of the low remuneration paid to players, Packer retaliated by signing several of the best players in the world to a privately run cricket league outside the structure of international cricket. World Series Cricket hired some of the banned South African players and allowed them to show off their skills in an international arena against other world-class players. The schism lasted only until 1979 and the "rebel" players were allowed back into established international cricket, though many found that their national teams had moved on without them. Long-term results of World Series Cricket have included the introduction of significantly higher player salaries and innovations such as coloured kit and night games. Limited-overs cricket In the 1960s, English county teams began playing a version of cricket with games of only one innings each and a maximum number of overs per innings. Starting in 1963 as a knockout competition only, limited overs grew in popularity and in 1969 a national league was created which consequently caused a reduction in the number of matches in the County Championship. Although many "traditional" cricket fans objected to the shorter form of the game, limited overs cricket did have the advantage of delivering a result to spectators within a single day; it did improve cricket's appeal to younger or busier people; and it did prove commercially successful. Increasing use of technology Limited overs cricket increased television ratings for cricket coverage. Innovative techniques that were originally introduced for coverage of LOI matches was soon adopted for Test coverage. The innovations included presentation of in-depth statistics and graphical analysis, placing miniature cameras in the stumps, multiple usage of cameras to provide shots from several locations around the ground, high speed photography and computer graphics technology enabling television viewers to study the course of a delivery and help them understand an umpire's decision. In 1992, the use of a third umpire to adjudicate run out appeals with television replays was introduced in the Test series between South Africa and India. The third umpire's duties have subsequently expanded to include decisions on other aspects of play such as stumpings, catches and boundaries. As yet, the third umpire is not called upon to adjudicate lbw appeals, although there is a virtual reality tracking technology (i.e., Hawk-eye) that is approaching perfection in predicting the course of a delivery.

21st Century Cricket
Cricket remains a major world sport in terms of participants, spectators and media interest.Cricket remains a major world sport in terms of participants, spectators and media interest.The ICC has expanded its development program with the goal of producing more national teams capable of competing at Test level. Development efforts are focused on African and Asian nations; and on the United States. In 2004, the ICC Intercontinental Cup brought first-class cricket to 12 nations, mostly for the first time. Cricket's newest innovation is Twenty20, essentially an evening entertainment. It has so far enjoyed enormous popularity and has attracted large attendances at matches as well as good TV audience ratings. The inaugural ICC Twenty 20 World Cup tournament was held in 2007 with a follow-up event in 2009. The formation of Twenty20 leagues in India – the unofficial Indian Cricket League, which started in 2007, and the official Indian Premier League, starting in 2008 – raised much speculation in the cricketing press about their effect on the future of cricket.

ICC release World Test Championship 2017
International Cricket Council's (ICC) Chief Executive David Richardson announced that the pathway to the ICC World Test Championship (ICC WTC) had begun with the revealing of the event brand logo. Speaking at the launch event here, Richardson explained the concept behind the brand icon, saying: "The ICC World Test Championship logo represents a journey that all the Test playing nations will embark upon over the next four years. It represents the global nature and the epic nature of the event." The ICC WTC icon has been created by Bulletproof, a global agency based out of London and New York. The icon is designed to be a moving, physical, three dimensional form that can adapt and reflect its environment. Its beauty lies in its simplicity, a global icon for the future of Test cricket. Explaining the pathway to qualification to the inaugural ICC World Test Championship that will be hosted by the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) in 2017, Richardson said: "The qualification will be through the Reliance ICC Test Team Rankings, with the qualifying period being from 1 May 2013 through to 31 December 2016." "The top four teams at the conclusion of the qualification period will qualify for the event in 2017. The results of any Test series ending after 1 May 2013, and the results of any Test series starting before 31 December 2016, will be included in the period that determines qualification for the ICC WTC,"http://www.cricketcountry.com/cricket-articles/ICC-release-World-Test-Championship-2017-logo/32080