User:Vipul/Food frequency questionnaire

Draft from somebody who started taking notes to make the article, but did not finish it.

Food frequency questionnaire: Explain what it is, historical examples, cautionary notes and best practices, results of common FFQs.
 * Notes also pasted below**********

02:00, 27 June 2016 (UTC)02:00, 27 June 2016 (UTC)~Draft02:00, 27 June 2016 (UTC)02:00, 27 June 2016 (UTC)02:00, 27 June 2016 (UTC)~ A food frqeuency questionnaire (FFQ) is a questionnaire that measures a person's diet by asking about how frequently, and in what portions, they consume food over an extended period of time. It is one of multiple research techniques used in dietary epidemiology to measure diet. Examples of usages include assessment of intake of vitamins or toxins such as acrylamide.[3][4]

``Strengths and weaknesses`` Unlike other techniques such as food journals and 24-hour dietary recall interviews, FFQs measure long-term diet with one single assessment. Like dietary recall interviews but unlike food journals, they don't affect eating behavior, and unlike dietary recall interviews, the respondent can fill out the questionnaire on their own, either on paper or online.

On the other hand, FFQs rely on a limited list of foods, unlike food diaries or 24-hour recall interviews which attempt to record everything eaten by the respondent. This can be particularly problematic when the missing foods are popular with a minority group being surveyed FFQs are known to be subject to systematic bias, especially when it comes to estimating the total amount consumed.

For most uses, the National Cancer Institute recommends either using a FFQ along with multiple 24-hour dietary recall interviews, or else a 24-hour recall interview on its own, although it's often possible to use the FFQ if the results are debiased via a calibration study.

``Examples of FFQs`` National Cancer Institute NHANES http://epi.grants.cancer.gov/diet/usualintakes/ffq.html?&url=/diet/usualintakes/ffq.html Harvard https://regepi.bwh.harvard.edu/health/nutrition.html https://regepi.bwh.harvard.edu/health/FFQ/files/2007%20BOOKLET%20FFQ.pdf

02:00, 27 June 2016 (UTC)02:00, 27 June 2016 (UTC)02:00, 27 June 2016 (UTC)Information02:00, 27 June 2016 (UTC)02:00, 27 June 2016 (UTC)02:00, 27 June 2016 (UTC)Vipul (talk) Some FFQs includes portion size, others don't http://epi.grants.cancer.gov/diet/usualintakes/ffq.html?&url=/diet/usualintakes/ffq.html If they do it's called 'semi-quantitative' http://www.ucdenver.edu/research/CCTSI/programs-services/ctrc/Nutrition/Documents/Food_Frequency_Questionnaires.pdf

Long-term diet, as opposed to food records & 24-hour surveys 24-hour surveys are usually carried out by a researcher;

Lots of basic info https://dietassessmentprimer.cancer.gov/profiles/questionnaire/index.html http://www.ucdenver.edu/research/CCTSI/programs-services/ctrc/Nutrition/Documents/Food_Frequency_Questionnaires.pdf

http://www.nutrientdataconf.org/pastconf/ndbc17/5-5_kristal.pdf       also lists 3 major FFQs

02:00, 27 June 2016 (UTC)02:00, 27 June 2016 (UTC)History02:00, 27 June 2016 (UTC)02:00, 27 June 2016 (UTC) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27333325 "The test-retest analysis showed high reproducibility of the FFQ. We showed that our FFQ provided a useful estimate of both food and nutrient intake in a healthy adult population."

FFQs ask about food, but that's then used to calculate nutrient intake

02:00, 27 June 2016 (UTC)02:00, 27 June 2016 (UTC)Historical examples02:00, 27 June 2016 (UTC)02:00, 27 June 2016 (UTC) MAY have been developed by Burke, see http://www.aulamedica.es/gdcr/index.php/nh/article/viewFile/8752/pdf_7850 and paywalled Burke article below

Harvard https://regepi.bwh.harvard.edu/health/FFQ/files/2007%20BOOKLET%20FFQ.pdf

National Cancer Institute

02:00, 27 June 2016 (UTC)~Best practices02:00, 27 June 2016 (UTC) https://dietassessmentprimer.cancer.gov/approach/table.html When to use: FFQ+repeat 24Hour for "Examining association between diet as an independent variable and a dependent variable (e.g., health status) " For most other uses, FFQ on its own is possible; likely biased but can be debiased through calibration Examples of use: "Describing dietary intake", examining the effect of an intervention [extra biases to worry about here]

02:00, 27 June 2016 (UTC)Cautionary notes02:00, 27 June 2016 (UTC) https://dietassessmentprimer.cancer.gov/profiles/questionnaire/index.html "FFQs are sometimes used to describe a population's intake in cross-sectional studies, although this is not recommended because of their large systematic error, or bias (a type of measurement error) (see Choosing an Approach for Dietary Assessment and Key Concepts about Measurement Error)." https://dietassessmentprimer.cancer.gov/approach/principles.html "Despite their bias, FFQs may be useful in certain situations, such as exploring relationships between diet and health status, especially when bias is adjusted for with the help of more accurate measures, including recovery biomarkers and less-biased dietary assessment instruments, such as 24HRs. "

http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/14/12/2826.short is VERY negative

http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/154/12/1087.full?ijkey=0776e93944bca5165f0df2c428e490611c14ce2d&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha "The observation by Dr. Willett is noteworthy that there may be a “ceiling of validity” for food frequency questionnaires somewhere near correlations of 0.7" [cites Willett W. Invited commentary: a further look at dietary questionnaire validation. Am J Epidemiol 2001;154:1100–2. http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/154/12/1100.full?ijkey=5c20ab826ba3a3d82db362e5a0b5b0a0e68c04a1&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha ]

http://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/~/media/Files/Activity%20Files/Nutrition/NutritionalRiskAssess/Subar.pdf Loses detail about e.g. cooking methods "Severe measurement error" Web-based have advantages and disadvantages (web-based requies computer literacy) FPQ (FFQ without asking about portions) might not have the bias issues of FFQs, since you *can't* measure the absolute amount of food with an FPQ

Vipul (talk) 02:00, 27 June 2016 (UTC)Other methodsVipul (talk) Food diary 24-hour recall

02:00, 27 June 2016 (UTC)02:00, 27 June 2016 (UTC)Vipul (talk) 02:00, 27 June 2016 (UTC)Paywalled articles that may be of interest02:00, 27 June 2016 (UTC)02:00, 27 June 2016 (UTC)02:00, 27 June 2016 (UTC)Vipul (talk) 02:00, 27 June 2016 (UTC) Burke, BS. The dietary history as a tool in research. J. Amer. Diet. Assoc. 1947;23:1041–1046. Stefanik, PA, Trulson, MF. Determining the frequency intakes of foods in large group studies. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1962;11:335–343.