User:Viriditas/Alleged Fox News bias

Rutenberg 2000

 * "But the network's fight for acceptance as a mainstream source of news may be hindered by the very positioning Mr. Murdoch has championed. Fairly or not, . Democrats are sometimes loath to appear on its programs, fearing they would not be treated fairly..., MSNBC in audience, and nipping at CNN's heels ... "I think there is an underserved audience that is hungry for fair and balanced news," said Roger E. Ailes, the Fox News Channel chairman and chief executive who put together the network for Mr. Murdoch. "...."Fox is the most likely to do stories embarrassing to Al Gore," said Tim Graham, director of media analysis at the Media Research Center, a conservative media research center."
 * "But the network's fight for acceptance as a mainstream source of news may be hindered by the very positioning Mr. Murdoch has championed. Fairly or not, . Democrats are sometimes loath to appear on its programs, fearing they would not be treated fairly..., MSNBC in audience, and nipping at CNN's heels ... "I think there is an underserved audience that is hungry for fair and balanced news," said Roger E. Ailes, the Fox News Channel chairman and chief executive who put together the network for Mr. Murdoch. "...."Fox is the most likely to do stories embarrassing to Al Gore," said Tim Graham, director of media analysis at the Media Research Center, a conservative media research center."

Kurtz 2001

 * ""chat consistently tilts to the conservative side may cast an unwarranted cloud on the news reporting, which tends to be straightforward"
 * ""chat consistently tilts to the conservative side may cast an unwarranted cloud on the news reporting, which tends to be straightforward"

Niven 2002

 * p.24: "...Roger Ailes, former media wizard for Ronald Reagan and Richard Nixon, and current chief executive of FNC...Conservative Ailes, who heads the network owned by conservative Rupert Murdoch, and whose news staff is headed by openly conservative anchor Brit Hume, dismisses criticism that his network's slogans "We report; you decide" and "Fair and Balanced" are nothing but a flashy coverup of the network's deeply conservative roots and tendencies. ."
 * p.24: "...Roger Ailes, former media wizard for Ronald Reagan and Richard Nixon, and current chief executive of FNC...Conservative Ailes, who heads the network owned by conservative Rupert Murdoch, and whose news staff is headed by openly conservative anchor Brit Hume, dismisses criticism that his network's slogans "We report; you decide" and "Fair and Balanced" are nothing but a flashy coverup of the network's deeply conservative roots and tendencies. ."

Kull et al. 2003

 * p.582: According to the Program on International Policy Attitudes (PIPA) and polling firm Knowledge Networks, versus viewers of CBS, ABC, CNN, NBC, the print media, and NPR/PBS.  80% of 3,334 viewers who had watched Fox news, believed one or more of the following incorrect statements: Clear evidence that Saddam Hussein was working closely with al Queda has been found; Weapons of mass destruction have been found in Iraq; World public opinion favored the U.S. going to war with Iraq.   and the lowest rate of misperception with the NPR/PBS audience (11%).
 * p.582: According to the Program on International Policy Attitudes (PIPA) and polling firm Knowledge Networks, versus viewers of CBS, ABC, CNN, NBC, the print media, and NPR/PBS.  80% of 3,334 viewers who had watched Fox news, believed one or more of the following incorrect statements: Clear evidence that Saddam Hussein was working closely with al Queda has been found; Weapons of mass destruction have been found in Iraq; World public opinion favored the U.S. going to war with Iraq.   and the lowest rate of misperception with the NPR/PBS audience (11%).


 * p.593: According to Rendell and Broughel's content analysis of network coverage......NBC had the lowest...with 65%


 * "Fox was the news source whose viewers had the most misperceptions...the Fox audience shows the highest rate of misperceptions (45 percent) while the NPR/PBS audience showed the lowest (11 percent)." Fox News leads in the number of misperceptions. Table 4.  Frequency of Misperceptions per Respondent: WMD Found, Evidence of al Queda Link, and World Majority Support for War.  Number of misperceptions per respondent: None of the three: 20% Fox; 30% CBS; 39% ABC; 45% CNN; 45% NBC; 53% Print Media; 77% NPR/PBS One or more misperception: 80% Fox; 71% CBS; 61% ABC; 55% CNN; 55% NBC; 47% Print Media; 23% NPR/PBS


 * From Media bias:
 * A widely-cited public opinion study documents a correlation between news source and certain misconceptions about the Iraq war. Conducted by the Program on International Policy Attitudes in October 2003, the poll asked Americans whether they believed statements about the Iraq war that were known to be false. Respondents were also asked which was their primary news source: Fox News, CBS, NBC, ABC, CNN, "Print sources," or NPR . The director of Program on International Policy (PIPA), Stephen Kull said, “”

Project for Excellence in Journalism 2004

 * "Fox was measurably more one-sided than the other networks, and Fox journalists were more opinionated on the air."

Groseclose & Milyo 2005

 * Fox News was found to be to the right of ABC, CBS ,CNN, and NBC.
 * Fox News was found to be to the right of ABC, CBS ,CNN, and NBC.

Morris 2007



 * Abstract: "..."
 * p.710-11: "Several political observers and pundits credit the success of Fox News to the station's ability to appeal to conservatives who were disenchanted with traditional network news and who perceived traditional venues as possessing a liberal bias." Although data backing up this claim are sparse, the reasoning behind the creation of the Fox News Channel was to provide a legitimate "fair and balanced" alternative to those fed up with the liberal media...Preliminary empirical research [Pew Research] on this topic indicates that the regular Fox News audience has in fact become more Republican since the channel's inception...More than one-third of all Republicans (36 percent) watch Fox News on a regular basis-a dramatic increase from a mere 14 percent in 1998.  Almost two-thirds (63 percent) of all Republicans watched Fox News at least sometimes in 2004...one-fourth 22 percent) of all Republicans reported using Fox News as the primary source of political information (more than any other news), compared to just 5 percent of Democrats...."


 * ...those individuals with perceptions of bias and unfairness in the media overall are more likely to watch Fox News...Those who perceive members of the media to be politically biased are significantly more likely to rely on Fox News as their primary source of news...


 * p.725: "...Fox News is now one of the most popular news sources in the United States. This study shows that a major factor behind the success of Fox News is the hostile media effect.  Individuals with negative perceptions of mainstream media are increasingly turning to Fox News as their primary source of news on national and international events...  More importantly, this analysis also shows that vote choice is associated with Fox News usage as well as with CNN watching, and it also shows that the Fox News and CNN audiences perceive the current state of domestic and international affairs differently...In the past, the homogenized television news environment gave the mass public a greater ability to hear rhetoric from both sides of an issue and often take a more moderate perspective.  However, as negative feelings toward the media persist, individuals continue to take advantage of the fragmented media environment and find sources of news that fit better with their own political views.  Recent research indicates that some of the more popular alternatives to traditional news, such as the Fox News Channel, might be portraying a picture of the political world that differs from other sources (see Aday, Livingston, and Herbert, 2005; Kull, 2003; Morris, 2005,; Morris and Francia, 2005).

Groeling & Baum 2007



 * ......all outlets except Fox consider stories involving the Iraq conflict especially newsworthy... for its "top news" summary"...our findings offer a striking validation for those who complain about one-sided coverage of politics in the so-called blogosphere, at least among political websites...Fox News on the right...have demonstrated a clear and strong preference for news stories that beneftied the party most closely associated with their own ideological orientations...our results arguably represent more direct evidence concerning the political orientation of Fox News (at least online) than other studies of media bias...Indeed,

Iyengar & Hahn 2009

 * "In an experimental setting, conservatives and Republicans preferred to read news reports attributed to Fox News and to avoid news from CNN and NPR."
 * "In its relatively short life span, ..."
 * "In its relatively short life span, ..."