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= Health in Egypt = Egypt's health has been improving since 1960, almost reaching the profile of a developed country. However, still concurrent with these successes, non-communicable diseases remains widespread, most notably cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic respiratory diseases.Moreover, Due to eating bad habits, Egyptians suffer from related concerns. For example: obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels. these concerns affects their daily lives that hinder them from reaching high quality of life.

Contents

 * 1Health infrastructure
 * 1.1Water supply and sanitation
 * 2Health status
 * 2.1Statistic
 * 2.2Life expectancy
 * 2.3Non infectious diseases
 * 2.4Infectious diseases
 * 2.5Injuries
 * 2.6HIV/AIDS
 * 2.7Smoking
 * 2.8Obesity
 * 2.9Drug use
 * 3See also
 * 4References
 * 5External links

Health infrastructure[edit]
The Egyptian Ministry of Health is the government body responsible for health in Egypt.

Water supply and sanitation[edit]
Further information: Water supply and sanitation in Egypt

There are conflicting figures about the number of people with access to safe water, and especially the number of people with access to sanitation. According to the official UN figures used to monitor the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, 99% of Egyptians had access to an improved water source and 94% had access to improved sanitation in 2008. Soakaway latrines, which are common in rural areas, often do not work properly due to the high groundwater table, infrequent emptying and cracks in the walls. Thus sewage leaks out and contaminates the surrounding streets, canals, and groundwater. Trucks that empty latrines and septic tanks do not necessarily discharge septage into wastewater treatment plants, but rather dump the content in the environment.

According to the government's National Research Center, 40 percent of Cairo's inhabitants do not get water for more than three hours per day and three large districts do not receive any piped water. In 2008 demonstrations concerning this issue took place in Suez, where 500 people blocked a main road to Cairo. According to a survey carried out prior to 2006 in governorate of Fayoum, 46% of households complained about low water pressure, 30% about frequent water cuts and 22% complained that water is not available during day time. These problems lead many people to use water from canals which could be hazardous to health.

It is estimated that each year about 17,000 children die from diarrhea. One reason is that drinking water quality is often below standards. Some water treatment plants are not maintained properly and are thus inefficient in removing parasites, viruses and other parasitic microorganisms. In 2009, a study by the Ministry of Health showed that drinking water for half a million people in Asiut was unfit for human consumption. As of June 2011, nothing had been done to address the problem. Chlorination systems of wells, which had been installed years ago because high levels of bacteria had been detected in the groundwater, failed for lack of maintenance and have been shut down so that untreated water is provided to the residents.

Statistic[edit]
Covid-19 cumulative deaths in Egypt 2021

Life expectancy[edit]
The 2014 CIA estimated average life expectancy in Egypt was 73.45 years. Source: UN World Population Prospects The top ten risk factors drive the most death and disability combined in Egypt.

Non infectious diseases[edit]
Non-communicable diseases are major health threats that are responsible for more than 85% of all deaths over Egypt. Cardiovascular diseases accounted for the most deaths of all non-communicable diseases (46%), followed by cancer (14%), chronic respiratory diseases (4%) and diabetes (1%)1. Use of tobacco, consumption of alcohol, unhealthy dietary practices and physical inactivity are the leading behavioral risk factors for NCDs. A great percentage of these deaths results from consequently developed complications that could be avoided with early detection, diagnosis and proper management.

Infectious diseases[edit]
The top 10 causes of the total number of deaths in Egypt Egypt used to have high rates of Hepatitis C (22%), one of the highest worldwide (Pakistan (4.8%), China (3.2%)). It is believed that the high prevalence in Egypt is linked to a now-discontinued mass-treatment campaign for schistosomiasis, using improperly sterilized glass syringes. In 2018, the Ministry of Health began a program to screen for and treat HCV. To reach a target population of 62.5 million, residents were screened at multiple healthcare and other sites using a WHO-approved rapid diagnostic test (RDT) that analyzed finger-prick samples for HCV antibodies, Viremic persons received sofosbuvir (400 mg daily) plus daclatasvir (60 mg daily) with or without ribavirin for 12 or 24 weeks , Almost 50 million people (80% of the target population) participated.

Avian influenza has been present in Egypt, with 52 cases and 23 deaths in January 2009.

With an estimated tuberculosis (TB) incidence of 11 new cases per 100,000 people, Egypt has relatively low levels of TB according to 2005 data from the World Health Organization.

Injuries[edit]
7.59% of total deaths causes is due to injuries. Road traffic injuries are a leading cause of death and hospitalization in Egypt (nearly 21 000 deaths every year). The use of protective devices, such as helmets, seat belts and child restraints, was found to be very low among killed and injured persons, indirectly reflecting current usage levels in the country.

HIV/AIDS[edit]
Further information: HIV/AIDS in Egypt

With less than 1 percent of the population estimated to be HIV-positive, Egypt is a low-HIV-prevalence country. Unsafe behaviors among most-at-risk populations and limited condom use among the general population place Egypt at risk of a broader epidemic. According to the National AIDS Program (NAP), there were 1,155 people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Egypt by the end of 2007. UNAIDS estimates for 2005 were higher, putting the number of HIV-positive Egyptians at 5,300.

Smoking[edit]
Further information: Smoking in Egypt

Smoking in Egypt is prevalent, with 19 billion cigarettes smoked annually in Egypt making it the largest cigarette market in the Arab world. Inside cafes, hookah (shisha) smoking is common. As of 2012 smoking in Egypt has reached an all-time high with an estimated twenty percent, ten million people, regularly using tobacco products.

Obesity[edit]
Further information: Obesity in the Middle East and North Africa

In 1996, Egypt had the highest average BMI in the world at 26.3. In 1998, 1.6% of 2- to 6-year-olds, 4.9% of 6- to 10-year-olds, 14.7% of 10- to 14-year-olds, and 13.4% of 14- to 18-year-olds were obese. 45% of urban women and 20% of the rural population were obese.

Obesity rates rose as oils, fat, and sugars were more regularly consumed, beginning in the 1990s. The cultural appreciation of heavier female bodies is a factor. Another explanation is the degree to which food is the center of social events and special occasions. Heavy consumption of starchy and fatty foods without the presence of a health-conscious exercise culture is a major factor. As parents teach this lifestyle to their children, the prevalence of childhood obesity increases. Today, Egyptian teenagers drink three times as much soda as milk. Ten percent of males and females drink five or more cans of soda a day, which can lead to early osteoporosis in women in the future. These food habits are reinforced by junk food advertisements and the availability of unhealthy food at supermarkets. As a result, teenagers are three times as likely to be overweight than they were 20 years ago.

Drug use[edit]
According to Egypt's National Council for Battling Drug Addiction, the use of recreational drugs among residents of Cairo over the age of 15 has rocketed from 6% to 30% since the Egyptian Revolution of 2011.

See also[edit]

 * Healthcare in Egypt
 * Timeline of healthcare in Egypt

References[edit]

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 * 5) ^ New York Times:Pipes but no water: A need grows in Egypt, by Daniel Williams, September 30, 2008, Retrieved on 2011-07-21
 * 6) ^ Jump up to:a b c National Water Research Center, Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (2007): Actualizing the Right to Water: An Egyptian Perspective for an Action PlanArchived 2016-01-18 at the Wayback Machine, Shaden Abdel-Gawad, retrieved on 2012-04-30
 * 7) ^ Noha Donia, Assistant Professor Engineering Dep.Institute of Environmental Studies and Research:SURVEY OF POTABLE WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS IN EGYPT, Eleventh International Water Technology Conference (2007), Sharm el-Sheikh, p. 1051, retrieved on 2011-07-21
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 * 25) ^ Jump up to:a b "Health Profile: Egypt" Archived 2008-09-05 at the Wayback Machine. United States Agency for International Development (March 2008). Accessed September 7, 2008.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
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 * 27) ^ http://www.healthyeve.com/aids-hiv-risk-factors-important-informations/
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 * 34) ^ https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21583671-north-african-governments-struggle-stem-illegal-flow-arms-and-drugs-boom Trafficking in north Africa: Boom boom

External links[edit]

 * World Health Organization (WHO) - Egypt