User:Vissering

=Achtergrond van Toponymie=

Nieuw-Nederland was de zeventiende-eeuwse koloniale provincie van de Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederland op noordoostelijke kust van Noord Amerika. De geclaimde grondgebied waren de landen van de Delmarva Peninsula tot het zuiden van Cape Cod. Bewoonde gebieden zijn nu onderdeel van de Mid-Atlantische staten van New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Connecticut, en Pennsylvania. De hoofdstad Nieuw-Amsterdam is gelegen aan de zuidpunt van het eiland Manhattan op de Upper New York Bay. De meest ontwikkelde deel van de provincie komt ongeveer overeen met de huidige Greater New York metropolitan area.

Plaatsnamen in de meeste gevallen hadden hun wortels in de Nederlandse taal Nederlands en de Algonkische taals, en af en toe de Iroquois taal Mohawk taal. Ten tijde van de Europese nederzetting was het grondgebied van de verschillende in heemse indianen groepen. In veel gevallen de namen van de inlanders Amerikanen die momenteel worden gebruikt zijn afkomstig uit het woord voor de plaats die zij maakten hun dorpen, of hun sagamore. Zowel de de Amerikanen en de Nieuwe Nederlanders gaf namen vaak geïnspireerd door de geografie of geologie van het natuurlijke milieu en beschreven een vorm, locatie, functie, kwaliteit of fenomeen.

De Lenape bevolking, die de meest frequente contacten met de nieuwe Nederlanders, werden seizoeninvloeden migrational groepen rond de New York Bay en langs de Hudson River. Onder hen waren de Wecquaesgeek en Siwanoy (in het noorden aan de oostzijde van de Noort rivier (Hudson River); de Hackensack, Raritan, en Tappan (naar het westen), en de Canarsee en Rockaway (aan het westen van Long Island).

De Munsee bewoonde de New York-New Jersey Highlands en het westen van vallei Hudson vallei. De Susquehannock, die leefde langs de Zuyd Rivier (Delaware River), werden ook genoemd de Minquas. De Mohawk, een Irokezen mensen, bewoonde de Albany, New York gebied, en de vallei dat nu draagt het de naam. De Mahicans, verslagen door de Mohawks, trok naar de Housatonic rivier gebied kort na de komst van de Nederlanders.

De Indianen gebruikt wampum voor transcriptie. DeSwannikens, of mensen van het zout water (zoals de Europeanen werden genoemd), gebruikt de Latijnse alfabet op te schrijven de woorden die ze gehoord van de Wilden (zoals de Lenape werden genoemd). Deze benaderingen waren ongetwijfeld sterk beïnvloed door het Nederlands, dat is de lingua franca (handelstaal) van de meertalige provincie. Sommige namen bestaan nog steeds in hun gewijzigde vorm, met hun huidige spelling (en vermoedelijk uitspraak) zich in de afgelopen vier eeuwen in de Amerikaanse volkstaal.

Vroege kolonisten en hun nakomelingen vaak gaaf namen voor geografische locaties, de endoniem in plaats van door hun autonym. Vervolgens worden de naam van de Indianen vandaag gebruikt. In sommige gevallen kan niet worden bevestigd, of er is stelling, of de wortels zijn in het Nederlands of moedertaal als bronnen niet altijd eens. Sommige kunnen hebben meerdere interpretaties, terwijl locative achtervoegsels variëren, afhankelijk van de Algonkische taal dialect dat de overhand. Kil (wiel), Wyck (wijk), en hoek (landpunt) zijn vaak gezien.

=Intro= Het is nog steeds 2009. Nog drie weken. Maar dit verhaal begint in 1609. Vier honderd jaar geleden. Als u in Amsterdam woont, u kunt misschien raden wat deze overgaat. Dit 400 jaren. Waroom is het belangrijk voor mij en wat ik met jullie wil delen?

Ik ben New Yorker. Geboren en getogen. En New York zal altijd mijn "Hometown" blijven, tenzij het een knipperlicht relatie is. Nu woon ik hier in de Onze Lieve dorp sterven een "Wereldstad" is. Ik kom uit Nieuw Amsterdam en ik woon in Oude Amsterdam.

Dus, 400 jaar geleden. Wat is gebeurt 400 jaar geleden? In april 1609, Henry Hudson, een Engelsman man in opdracht van de WIC wordt vanuit de haven van Amsterdam vertrokken ......

Eigenlijk Hudson maakte twee reizen naar Noord-Amerika. Zijn belangstelling was niet te ontdekken nieuw land, maar nog belangrijker om er doorheen. Aan de andere kant naar China, waar er een kans was een winst gemaakt in de lucratieve handel. Het was de begin van globalizering, en Amsterdam was in het midden. Verminderen van de reistijd zou besparen veel tijd en verhogen de winst. Zoals je ziet het eerste was niet echt een succes, maar in ieder geval meer succesvol was dan de tweede.

September 1609, langs de kust van Noord Amerika, zag Hudson een opening die zou kunnen worden de potentiële waterroute (binnenvaart) door het continent. (Niemand wist hoe groot het was). Daar in zeilde in een baai en ontdek New York.

Ontdek Hij een estuarium. Binnen 5 jaar is de grond genaamd Nieuw Nederland, en 10 jaar later is en provincie van Nederland geworden. Manhattan is gekocht voor $24

Let op! Hou het in de gaten: Barnegat, Hell Gate, Paerdegat
====gaat, spleet, splitsing,

Hoek van Holland: Constable Hook, Paulus Hook, Red Hook
landtong, schiereiland, wad

Achterhoek: Red Hook, Kinderhook, Kinderkamack, Dunkerhook
====afdeling, sectie, gebeid

Kill!: Catskill, Cresskill, Dwars Kill, Cromakill, Gramercy
====Terwijl relaties tussen de Swannikens en de wilden waren niet heel soepel, beide partijen waren beried om handel te doen. Europese goederen voor pelsen van bever, vos, enz.. .... maar gingen ging mis en .......kil (waterlichaam), een geul,beek, van de rivierbedding

Evolutie: Achter Col, Kill van Kull, Arthur Kill
====geluid, pronuniciatie,spelling

Te Maakelijk: Breuckelen, Gebroken land, Bruykleen
====historici die

Zeg maar wat het is!:Bergen, Bowery, Broadway, Bushwick, Flatbush, Haverstraw, Midwout, Overpeck
====houd het simpel

Spitting Devil: Spuyten Duyvil
====Through the mouth of the devil you enter the gates of hell!

Verbastering-evolutie- oud-Nederlands

=Tekst= Het is nogs steeds 2009. Nog drie weken. Maar dit verhaal begint in 1609. Vier hoderd jaar geleden. Als u in Amsterdam woont, kunt u misschien raden wat deze overgaat. Dit 400 jaren. Waroom is het belangrijk voor mij and wat ik met jullie wil delen?

Ik ben New Yorker. Geboren and getogen. En New York xal altijd mihn "hometown" blilven, tenzij het een knipperlicht relatie is. Nu woon ik hier in onze lieve dorp die een "wereldstad" is. Ik kom uit Nieuw Amsterdam en ik woon in Oude Amsterdam.

Dus, 400 jaar geleden. Wat is gebuert 400 jaar geleden? In April 1609, Henry Hudson, een Engelsman man in opdracht van de WIC is vanuit de haven van Amsterdam vertrokken......

FAST FORWARD

Spetember 1609, langs de kust van Noord Amerika ontdek hij een estuary. en een land zo sweet"....... Binnen 5 jaar is de land Nieuw Nederland genaamd, en 10 jaar later is en provincie van Nederland geworden.

=Schriesttoren= =Hudson= =Half Moon= =Block= =Mamatus gelegen op de Noot Rivier= [[Image:Manatvs gelegen op de Noot Riuier.jpg|thumb|3000px|Map (c1639) Manhattan situated on the North Rivier with numbered key showing settlements: 27. Farm of Van Vorst; 28. v [sic): 29. Farm of Evertsen; 30. Plantation at Lacher's Hook; 31. Plantation at Paulus Hook; 32. Plantation of Maerytensen.]]

Rivieren
heel direct simpele namen: Lang Euylandt omdat het lang was De Noort Rivier omdat het naar het nord vloeit De Oost River ging naar het oost Het Zuid Rivier was gelegen ten zuiden van het Nord en Oost Rivier, terijl het Versche Rivier had geen grote uitmonding en geen tijde, dus het water was meestals zoet.

Noort Rivier
Called Muhheakantuck or the river that flowed two ways in Unami. The Noort Rivier was one of the three main rivers in New Nederland, the others being the Versche Rivier or Fresh River (likely because of its sweet water) and the Zuid Rivier or South River. In maritme usage, it still defines that part of the Hudson between Hudson County and Manhattan

Zuyd River
South River, now the Delaware River

Versche Rivier
The Fresh River, now the Connecticut River, likely because of it sweet, rather than brackish water

=Tekst=

Sandy Hook
Sandy Hook Sant Hoek, sometimes called Sand Punt the peninsula around which most settlers to Fort Amsterdam, Fort Orange, Staten Eylandt, and Lange Eylandt, and Bergen sailed before entering the The Narrows.

Staten Island
Staaten Eylandt, which to the Lenape, was known as Aquehonga, Manacknong, or Eghquaons (Jackson, 1995). Named for the governing body of the 17th century United Provinces of the Netherlands, the States-General.

Kill!
Terwijl relaties tussen de Swannikens en de wilden waren niet heel soepel, beide partijen waren beried om handel te doen. Europeses goederen voor pelten van bbever, vos, enz....maar gingen ging mis en....... (kil (water), een geul of rivierbedding)

Achter Col
Called Meghgectecock by the Lenape this described the area around Newark Bay and the rivers that flowed into it. Neither are longer in use. Achter, meaning behind, and kol, meaning neck, can be translated as the back (of the) peninsula, in this case Bergen Neck. Variations include Achter Kol, Achter Kull, Archer Col, Achter Kull

Kill van Kull
Separating Bayonne and Staten Island. From the Middle Dutch word kille, meaning riverbed or water channel. Likely evolved from Achter Col, as in kille van kol, or channel from the neck, its spellings including Kill von Cull, Kille van Cole, Kill van Koll

Arthur Kill
Tidal strait separating Staten Island from the mainland. From kille meaning water channel such as riverbed, rivulet, or stream. Likely to have evolved from Achter Col, the name given by the New Netherlanders for area surrounding Newark Bay and waters that flowed into it, as English language speakers immigrated to the region radiating from the Elizabethtown Tract and Perth Amboy.

Catskill
Kil is the Dutch word for a river inlet. This one is named after the Sachem named Cats

Peekskill
From Peeck's Kil. New Amsterdam resident Jan Peeck made the first recorded contact with the nativepopulation of the area, then identified as "Sachoes". The date is not certain, (possibly early 1640s), but agreements and merchant transactions took place, formalized into the Ryck's Patent Deed of 1684.

Cresskill
From the watercress that grew in its streams, or kills Waterkers

Dwars Kill
Alternatively Dwarskill or Dwarskill Creek, a tributary of the Oradell Reservoir meaning cross creek

Cromakill
Likely from kromme kille meaning crooked creek, border between Secaucus and North Bergen. Similar to evolution of

Gramercy
which is a corruption of the krom mesje, or little crooked knife, the name of a small brook that flowed along what is now 21st Street in Manhattan.

Wallkill
Known as Twischsawkin, meaning the land where plums abound. At least three prehistoric rock shelters have been found in archaelogical digs in the region. For the indigenous peoples, it was not only important for its arable land but for its geological resources. The river and its valley are abundant in flint and chert, from which they made spear points and arrowheads.

European settlers of the region named it first the Palse River, after New Paltz. Later, when it was clear that the river continued well beyond the original New Paltz patent, it took after the Waal river in their native Netherlands. They worked their way down it from the Hudson Valley in the 17th century, and were followed by the British after the colony changed hands.

Schuylkill
Schuylkill by its European discoverer, Arendt Corssen of the Dutch West India Company translated hidden river and refers to the river's confluence with the Delaware River at League Island, which was nearly hidden by dense vegetation. Perhaps, more properly, hideout creek Native:  Ganshohawanee, meaning "rushing and roaring waters," or "Manaiunk".

Beversreede
The fort on the Schuylkill River. A possible translation could be Beavers Gap, from bever or beaver and reet meaning opening, cleft, which would speak to its location where the enters the Delaware. More probably reede meant quai in the harbor (cf. today's Dutch rede, ).

Beverwyck
Loosely, Beavertown, to refer a fur-trading community north of Fort Orange. Unlikely to be from Beverwijk in the Netherlands whose name comes from Bedevaartswijk, meaning pilgrimage neighbourhood. (Agatha of Sicily allegedly appeared there in the 9th century to a virgin from nearby Velsen.)

Let op! Hou dat in de gaat.
Barnegat Inlet is a small inlet connecting the Barnegat Bay with the Atlantic Ocean

Barnegat
Originally Barendegat or Inlet of the Breakers for the waterway's turbulent channel.

Hell Gate
(Hell Gate is een nauw gedeelte in de East River)

Hellegat meaning Hell's Passage because of its violent currents

Paerdegat
In Canarsie, the channel that connects to Jamaica Bay on the southern end of Brooklyn. A gat, or opening, from the word for horse.

Brooklyn's Way too Easy
.

Breuckelen
The first of the six Dutch towns of Brooklyn settled in 1646, generally believed to be after the town in the Netherlands, in the province of Utrecht now spelled [[Media:Nl-Breukelen.ogg|Breukelen]]

Brooklyn
Early maps refer to western Long Island as Gebroken Land, or Broken Land, though most believe the the city, and later borough, was named for the the Dutch town whose contemporary spelling is [[Media:Nl-Breukelen.ogg|Breukelen]]. Some say the name evolved from Breuckelen, to Brockland, to Brocklin, to Brookline, and eventually, Brooklyn

Wallabout
From Wallen Bocht or Wallon's Bow, referring to the curve of the bay on the East River. Spellings include Waaleboght

Rak
Een rak is de benaming voor een nagenoeg recht stuk van een rivier. Het woord is verwant aan het werkwoord rekken.

Zo is het Damrak het rechte stuk van de Amstel voorbij de Dam. Soms heeft zo'n recht gedeelte van een rivier een eigen, afwijkende naam. Zo is het Langerak een gedeelte van het Reitdiep.

Een variant is Raken, zoals bij het Kromme Raken.

De naam is soms overgegaan naar het naastliggende gebied. Zo heet een streek in de gemeente Winsum De Raken. Het gebied is omsloten door een verzande meander van het Reitdiep.

Claverack
Rack or rak is a straight stretch of river good for anchorage, one named for the clover that grew on its banks of the Hudson River

Constable Hook
A land grant to Jacob Jacobsen Roy who was a chief gunner or constable in Fort Amsterdam in New Amsterdam in 1646, by the Dutch West India Company, under the leadership of Director of New Netherland William Kieft. Konstapel's Hoeck in Dutch, takes its name from Roy's title. . A hoek or hoeck in Dutch meaning a spit of land or small peninsula. Though not used, could be translated to English as Gunner's Point.

Paulus Hook
A tidal island, called Arresick by the Lenape the site where, in 1630, Michael Pauw's staked his claim for his attempted patroonship. Named after his agent who built a hut and ferry landing there, hoek or hoeck meaning a spit or point. Variations include Paulus Hoeck, Powles Hoek, Powles Hook

Red Hook
From Roode Hoek. In Dutch hoek means point or corner, and can refer to Red Hook, New York, village within it, or the neighborhood in Brooklyn, named for the red clay soil on the point of land projecting into the East River, settled by the New Netherlanders] in 1636.

Kinderhook
Kinderhoek meaning children's corner

Kinderkamack
Describes the area along middle reaches of Hackensack River, kamak said to come from the Lenape and mean place of ceremonial dance and worship possible spellings inlcude Kinkachgemeck,

Dunkerhook
Literally dark corner Small section of suburban Paramus reputed to be the former site of a "slave community." According to local histories and an historic marker at the site, Dunkerhook was once home to a population of African Americans, many or all of whom were slaves, as well as a "slave school" and "slave church." However, primary historic documentation establishes that Dunkerhook was populated not by slaves, but rather primarily by free African Americans.

Bergen
The forerunner of Hudson and Bergen counties. There are various opinions as to the naming of Bergen. Some say that it so called for Bergen op Zoom in the Netherlands or the city in Norway Others believe it comes from the word bergen, which in Dutch and other Germanic languages of northern Europe means mountains or hills, and could describe a most distinct geological feature of the region, The Palisades. Yet another interpretation is that it comes from the Dutch verb bergen, meaning to save or to recover, or noun place of safetyinspired by the settlers return after they had fled attacks by the native population during the Peach Tree War.

Dunderberg
Thunder Mountain

Bloomingdale
The valley of flowers. Though not likely named for this town in the Netherlands (tucked behind the dunes at the North Sea) the Upper West Side in general (its northern reaches now as known as theBloomingdale District) may have had some characteristics of it that would have reminded the Netherlanders of their home: close to the shore with a sandy bluff, with many small steam vallys or (dells). , and perhaps had many blooms on its flowers.

Bowery
Bouwerij was the old Dutch word for farm (contemporary boerderij). The Dutch West India Company mapped out land for farms on Manhattan north of New Amsterdam, the first of which, "Bouerij 1" was reserved for the support of the colony's Director-General. It became personal property of Petrus Stuyvesant, the person to hold the position.

Broadway
Breede weg, used throughout english speaking areas to refer to a wide (broad) path (way).

Bushwick
The last of the six Dutch towns of Brooklyn settled in 1661 as Boswijck, in essence little town in the woods. though a literal translation would be woods district.

Collect Pond
Fresh Water Pond ) near the southern tip of Manhattan, covering approximately 48 acres (194,000 m²) and running as deep as 60 feet (18 m) . The pond was fed by an underground spring, and its outflow ran through the Lispenard Meadows marshes to the Hudson River. The name Collect is a corruption of the Dutch word kolch (A small body of water.), which was subsequently corrupted to kalch, and so on until it became collect. . Kolk

Coney Island
Konynen Eylant meaning Rabbit Island

Ik ben jullie konijn. Ik ben einer Berliner.

Flatlands
One of the six Dutch towns of Brooklyn settled in 1647 as Nieuw Amersfoort, from the Dutch city of the same name.

Flatbush
A description of the terrain, in Dutch Vlacke Bos. One of the six Dutch towns in Brooklyn, established in 1652 as Midwout, the earlier name living on as Midwood.

Haverstraw
One of the first locales to appear on maps of North America, listed as Haverstroo, which means oat straw. It was common for the Lenape to use straw thatch for roofs on their dwellings, or wigwams.

Lange Eylant
Long Island

Wiltwyk
Settlement on west bank of Hudson River etablished in 1652, possibly meaning Wild District, since at the time farmers were engage in an ongoing series of raids and reprisals known as the Esopus Wars. (It is today known as Kingston, New York.

Midwout
Middle woods, settled in 1652, in this case between Boswijck and Breuckelen, because of its dense forests. Later, was part of old Flatbush, situated between the towns of Gravesend and Flatlands.

Overpeck
Oever meaning a sloping bank and perk meaning border or boundary, hence at the water's edge, actually a riparian zone. Used in English as early as 1665. By the Leanpe called Tantaqua, it was the site of semi-permanent village of the Hackensack Indians.

Oester Baai
After 1650, Oyster Bay was the boundary between the Dutch New Amsterdam colony and the New England Confederation. The English, under Peter Wright, first settled in the area in 1653. The boundary was somewhat fluid which led each group having their own Main Street.

Rhode Island
The official explanation by the State of Rhode Island is that Adriaen Block named the area "Roodt Eylandt" meaning "red island" in reference to the red clay that lined the shore, and that the name was later anglicized when the region came under British rule. .

Robbins Reef
From the Dutch rob or robyn meaning seal collections of which would sometimes lay on the reef at low tide

Roodenburg
Red hills to describe the bluffs on the Quinnipiac River

Turtle Bay
From duetel meaning dowel, used to describe the original shape of the inlet on the East River

Nieuw Dorp
Now New Dorp, meaning New Village, on Staten Island

Oude Dorpe
Old Town, the first permanent settlement on Staten Island in 1651

Outwater
Uiterwaarden meaning a flood plain, of which there were many, this one at the foot of Paterson Plank Road.

Spuyten Duyvil
A one-mile-long channel connecting the Hudson and Harlem Rivers. "Spuyten Duyvil" means Devil's Spout, a reference to the strong and wild currents. Spuitende Duivel in contemporary Dutch,

Teaneck
Origin and meaning are uncertain, though possibly may mean the woods An alternative is from the Dutch "Tiene Neck" meaning "neck where there are willows" (from the Dutch "tene" meaning willow).

Tenafly
From Dutch Tiene Vly or Ten Swamps  given by settlers in 1688. the Dutch "t'eene vallei (or vlij)," meaning at a meadow or willow meadows from tene meaning willow and  fly/vly/vley meaning meadow or swamp

Watervliet
Part of patroonship Rensselaerswyck, meaning a shrinking surface, as in the land between high and low tide. Simiilar to Watervliet in Belgium on the North Sea coast.

Kykuit
, "lookout" in Dutch (though currently spelled "kijkuit"). It is situated in Pocantico Hills, on the highest point of the local surrounds near Tarrytown and Sleepy Hollow.

Rondout
A tributary of the Hudson River in Ulster and Sullivan counties Rondout comes from the fort, or redoubt, that was erected near its mouth The Dutch equivalent of the English word redoubt (a fort or stronghold), is reduyt. In the Dutch records of Wildwyck, however, the spelling used to designate this same fort is invariably Ronduyt during the earliest period, with the present form rondout (often capitalized) appearing as early as November 22, 1666. The Dutch word ronduyt is an adjective meaning "frankly" or "positively." The word could also be broken down into its components and translated, literally, "round-out." However, it seems unlikely that the inhabitants of Esopus had any special meaning in mind when they corrupted the Dutch word reduyt into ronduyt and rondout. Most likely, this corrupting process merely represented the simplification of a word (reduyt).

Moodna
A corruption of the Dutch moordenaars, meaning murderers, hence Murderers' Creek, its original name. Local lore has it that the name came from the massacre of the Stacys, an early family of settlers, along its banks.

Wall Street
From the Dutch wal meaning rampart erected in 1654 to protect New Amsterdam from possible invasion by New England during the first Anglo-Dutch War.

Colen Donck
Now Yonkers, from homestead of Jonkheer or Jonker (meaning esquire) Adriaen van der Donck.

Yonkers
From Jonkheer or Jonker meaning young gentleman (and in effect, Esquire), the title borne by proprietor of homestead which included the land where the city is situated, Adriaen van der Donck.

Zwaanendael
Sometimes Swaanendael meaning swan valley. Site of first Dutch colonial settlement in Delaware, in 1631, was destroyed, and later became Lewes.

Bergen
Bergen Street In the contemporary borough of Brooklyn, Bergen Street was named for the family of one of the earliest settlers of Nieuw Amsterdam, Hans Hansen Bergen, who arrived in the province of New Netherland in 1633 as a ship's carpenter. Hans Hansen Bergen came from Bergen, Norway, and was one of the few Scandinavian settlers of Nieuw Amsterdam (New York City). Bergen initially settled on Pearl Street in Lower Manhattan (Nieuw Amsterdam) but later owned extensive plantations elsewhere on the island. Bergen later married Sarah Rapelje, the first child born in New York State of European parents.

Bronx
From Jonas Bronck, the first recorded European settler to the peninisula. Rananchqua by the native Siwanoy band of Lenape while other Native Americans knew the Bronx as Keskeskeck. It was divided by the Aquahung River. The family later moved upstate and built Bronck House.

Cape Henlopen
After Thijmen Jacobsz Hinlope, wealthy grain trader and business partner of Cornelius Jacobsz May who help finance explorations of the region.

Blauvelt
From Dutch name that came into use nearly 150 years before the first Blauvelts came to the New World. The etymology of the name probably comes from the coat of arms adopted by the first Blauvelt, Pieter Blauwveld, a prominent trader in the Netherlands. Literally, it means blue-field, likely a reference to the blue and yellow shields hung on Pieter's ships (a common 14th century Dutch method of identifying the owner). The first Blauvelt in America was a peasant farmer who worked on Kiliaen van Rensselaer's estate cultivating tobacco, in 1638.

Block Island
After the explorer Adriaen Block who used the island as base from which to survey the Connecticut River and Long Island Sound

Cape May
after Cornelius Jacobsz May

Cortlandt
From the prominent family Van Cortlandt, including Stephanus van Cortlandt (b.1643) the first native born mayor of New York (1677-1678; 1686-1688)

Goede Hoop
Good Hope, from Fort Huys de Goede Hoop, a fortress on the Fresh River and Park River, the 1633 founding of Hartford

Hudson
The river, county, city and numerous other places that bear this name most likey do so for the English sea captain Henry Hudson who explored the region in 1609, establishing a claim for the Dutch East Indies Company and Dutch Republic.

Nassau
From the House of Orange-Nassau

Orange
From the House of Orange-Nassau, specifically William III of England, the Prince of Orange, as in Orange County and The Oranges in Essex County

Pavonia
First settlement by the Europeans on west bank of Hudson River from its patroon Michael Reyniersz Pauw, Pavonia is a Latinized version of his surname, based on the word for peacock

Pelham
From the ham or property of Thomas Pell of Fairfield, Connecticut, who, on June 27, 1654, purchased 9,166 acres from the Siwanoy, and was part of the expansion of New England colonies into New Netherland

Rensselaerswyck
From the patroon Kiliaen van Rensselaer

Throg's Neck
From John Throckmorton, an Englishman who settled in the area called Vriedelandt by the Dutch

Verplanck
Hamlet in the town of Cortlandt, from an early (1630s) settler

Vriessendael
A small bowery or homestead established in 1640 at today's Edgewater, meaning Vries' Valley, after its owner, David Pietersen de Vries.

Vriedelandt
Now Throgs Neck from John Throckmorton, an Englishman the Dutch allowed to settle in the area in 1642.

Amsterdam
After the Dutch capital, originally a dam on the Amstel River founded in 1275

Colonie
Once part of the Manor of Rensselaerswyck, now north of Albany

Cortelyou
Cortelyou Road in Brooklyn is named for Jacques Cortelyou, New Netherland's Surveyor General, who owned land in the area of Flatbush.

Guilderland
Moneyland, referring to early Dutch settler's assumption that the large amount of sand in the area could generate a profitable glass industry. Other influences on the name could have also been the province of Gelderland in The Netherlands, may have been originally Gelterland or Gelterlan. Until the introduction of the euro, modern Dutch currency was the guilder.

Gravesend==== Settled in In 1645 under Dutch patent by English followers of Anabaptist Lady Deborah Moody. Some speculate that it was named after the English seaport of Gravesend, Kent. An alternative explanation suggests that it was named by Director of New Netherland Willem Kieft for the Dutch settlement of 's- Gravesande, which means Count's Beach or Count's Sand. 's-Gravenzande is a city in The Netherlands.

Flushing
From the Dutch town of Vlissingen.The derivation of the name Vlissingen is unclear, though most scholars relate the name to the word fles (bottle) in one way or another.

Halfmoon
Though not named until the 19th century this name is inspired by the ship captained by Henry Hudson during his 1609 exploration of the river named for him.

Harlem
Originally Nieuw Haarlem after a major Dutch city

Hemsteede
homestead or farmyard The town was first settled around 1644 following the establishment of a treaty between English colonists, John Carman and Robert Fordham, and the Indians in 1643. Although the settlers were from the English colony of Connecticut, a patent was issued by New Amsterdam after the settlers had purchased land from the local natives. The town may have been named for either Hemel Hempstead in the United Kingdom or the Dutch city of Heemstede, a town south of Haarlem, The Netherlands. Site of early English incurisons in New Netherland by New Englanders, in 1643

Ghent
From the Flemish city Ghent, in Flanders, which historians believe is derived from the Celtic word 'ganda' which means confluence.

New Utrecht
Fifth of the six Dutch towns of Brooklyn; established in 1652 and named after major Dutch city.

Rotterdam
After a major Dutch city which grew from a dam built on the river or stream Rotte in the 1260s

Wilhelmus
Short-lived fort on Zuyd Rivier in 1625, likely so called from Het Wilhelmus  (English translation: The William), a song which tells of Willem van Oranje, his life and why he is fighting for the Dutch people. It remained popular with the Dutch people since its creation. and became, in 1932, the national anthem of the Netherlands and is the oldest national anthem in the world

Wyckoff
Most commonly believed origin to be from the Lenape word wickoff meaning high ground, or that it is from wickok meaning water. A less widely held theory is that the town was named for Brooklyn judge Pieter Claesen Wyckoff (1625-1694). The surname comes from the Dutch words wyk, meaning district and hof, meaning court.

=Text= Nieuw-Nederland, or New Netherland, was the seventeenth century colonial province of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands on northeastern coast of North America. The claimed territory were the lands from the Delmarva Peninsula to southern Cape Cod. Settled areas are now part of the Mid-Atlantic states of New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania. Its capital, New Amsterdam, was located at the southern tip of the island of Manhattan on the Upper New York Bay. The most developed part of the province roughly corresponds to today's Greater New York Metro Area.

Placenames in most cases had their roots in Dutch and the Algonquian languages, and occasionally the Iroquoian Mohawk. At the time of European settlement it was the territory of the various Native American groups. In many cases the names of the Natives Americans used today were taken from the word for the place they made their villages, or their sagamore. Both the the Americans and the New Netherlanders often gave names inspired by the geography or geology of the natural environment and described a shape, location, feature, quality, or phenomenon.

The Lenape population, who had the most frequent contact with the New Netherlanders, were seasonally migrational groups around the New York Bay and along the Lower Hudson who became known collectively as the River Indians. . Among them were the Wecquaesgeek and Siwanoy (to the north on the east side of the Hudson River); the Hackensack, Raritan, and Tappan (to the west); and the Canarsee and Rockaway (on western Long Island).

The Munsee inhabited the Highlands and western Hudson Valley. . The Susquehannock, who lived along the Zuyd Rivier, were called the Minquas. The Mohawk, an Iroquois people, inhabited the Albany region, and the valley that now bears the the name. The Mahicans, defeated by the Mohawks, retreated to the Housatonic River region soon after the arrival of the Dutch.

The Native Americans used wampum for transcription. . The Swannikens, or Salt Water People (as the Europeans were called), used the Latin alphabet to write down the words they heard from the Wilden (as the Lenape were called). . These approximations were no doubt greatly influenced by Dutch, which was the lingua franca of the multilingual province. Some names still exist in their altered form, their current spelling (and presumably pronunciation) having evolved over the last four centuries into American vernacular.

Early settlers and their descendants often "Batavianized" names for geographical locations, the exonyms, rather than by their autonym, subsequently becoming the name of the Native Americans used today. In some cases it cannot be confirmed, or there is contention, as to whether the roots are in the Dutch or native tongue as sources do not always concur. Some can have several interpretations, while locative suffixes vary depending on the Algonquian language dialect that prevailed. Kill, meaning stream or channel, wyck meaning district, (or its English equivalents wick and wich), and hook meaning point are often seen.

Dutch surnames abound throughout the region as avenues, lakes, parks. Orange and Nassau come from the "first family" of the of the Dutch Republic, a dynasty of nobles traditionally elected "Stadtholder." William III of England was also Prince of Orange, succeeding to the English throne through the conquest known as the Glorious Revolution, so the appellation Orange, though sometimes named for the English king in this period, reflects his Dutch birth and dynasty.

List of places names
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