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Properties of Cobalt(II) cyanide
The Sigma-Aldrich catalog entry for Cobalt(II) cyanide

Cardiovascular disease
Metallothionein (MT) is a key redox balance regulator in the body, which plays an important role in the anti-injury protection of the cardiovascular system, mainly in its inhibitory effect on ischemia-reperfusion injury. And through activation of nuclear factor red blood cell 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mediates intermittent hypoxia (IH) cardiomyopathy protection.

In this study, they stated the overall deletion of any Nrf2 gene (Nrf2-KO) transgenic mice is easier affected by intermittent hypoxia (IH)-induced cardiac oxidative damage, inflammation, fibrosis, and dysfunction. Moreover, the specific overexpression of cardiomyocytes of Nrf2 (Nrf2-TG) transgenic mice is impervious to cardiac oxidative damage, inflammation, fibrosis, and dysfunction caused by intermittent hypoxia(IH).

The results of the study showed that 4 weeks of IH exposure significantly reduced the binding of Nrf2 to the MT promoter gene, thereby inhibiting MT translation and translation in wild-type (WT) mice but had no effect on Nrf2-TG mice.

Moreover, the overexpression of Nrf2 or MT in the heart provides cardio protection against IH through complex PI3K/Akt/GSK3B/Fyn signaling. This evidence indicates that overexpression of cardiac MT may prevent chronic IH-induced cardiomyopathy and down-regulation of Nrf2 by activating PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/Fyn-dependent signaling pathways.

Therefore, Nrf2 or MT may be a potential treatment to avoid chronic IH-induced cardiomyopathy.

Reference

Zhou, S., Yin, X., Jin, J., Tan, Y., Conklin, D. J., Xin, Y., Cai, L. (2017). Intermittent hypoxia-induced cardiomyopathy and its prevention by Nrf2 and Metallothionein. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 112, 224-239. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.031