User:Vzeebjtf/sandbox/Sheffield


 * (Also at: http://www.unz.org/Pub/Outlook-1922may31-00211)
 * The lead, which is partially obscured, reads: "The Sheffield Farms Company, Inc., opened its new $2,500,000 milk depot and distribution plant at West Fifty-seventh Street and Eleventh Avenue yesterday and replaced its horse-drawn vehicles with gasoline and electric delivery wagons throughout Manhattan south of 145th Street."
 * The lead, which is partially obscured, reads: "The Sheffield Farms Company, Inc., opened its new $2,500,000 milk depot and distribution plant at West Fifty-seventh Street and Eleventh Avenue yesterday and replaced its horse-drawn vehicles with gasoline and electric delivery wagons throughout Manhattan south of 145th Street."
 * The lead, which is partially obscured, reads: "The Sheffield Farms Company, Inc., opened its new $2,500,000 milk depot and distribution plant at West Fifty-seventh Street and Eleventh Avenue yesterday and replaced its horse-drawn vehicles with gasoline and electric delivery wagons throughout Manhattan south of 145th Street."
 * The lead, which is partially obscured, reads: "The Sheffield Farms Company, Inc., opened its new $2,500,000 milk depot and distribution plant at West Fifty-seventh Street and Eleventh Avenue yesterday and replaced its horse-drawn vehicles with gasoline and electric delivery wagons throughout Manhattan south of 145th Street."

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 * J. M. Horton Ice Cream Company: https://books.google.com/books?id=d6ieSXFM2kIC&pg=PA103&lpg=PA103
 * Loton Horton and race: https://books.google.com/books?id=LHqpBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA65
 * business address (Trow's): https://books.google.com/books?id=8cQpAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA661#v=onepage&q&f=false
 * L. M. Horton Ice Cream Company suffers holdup: https://books.google.com/books?id=SfPNAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP294&lpg=PP294 (1921)

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==== "Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Proposed Manhattanville In West Harlem Rezoning And Academic Mixed-Use Development" (PDF) (report). New York City Department of City Planning. November 16, 2007. Chapter 8: Historic Resources. pp. 8–14 and 8–15. Retrieved May 1, 2016:

8-12: The former Sheffield Farms Stable (S/NR) at 3229 Broadway was designed in 1909 by Frank A. Rooke (see No. 5 in Figures 8-1 and 8-5). The six-story building is clad in brick and stone, and it is designed primarily in the Renaissance Revival style, with what appear to be some Art Deco-style details at the second story and at the base and tops of the pilasters on the upper floors. A slate roof overhangs the central three bays, supported on a stone modillioned cornice. Stone is used to create rusticated pilasters, while stone shields frame the roof. The windows appear to be replacement modern aluminum, and all windows on the west façade have been sealed.

The building was erected by the Sheffield Farms-Slawson-Decker Company. Sheffield Farms was once a large milk processor and distributor in New York City. The company was incorporated in 1902, and shortly thereafter it built a large number of buildings throughout the City. This building served as a stable for Sheffield Farms, in association with the milk plant completed in 1909 at 632 West 125th Street (now Columbia University’s Prentis Hall). Frank Rooke designed a number of other buildings for Sheffield Farms, including the milk plant at 632 West 125th Street, a creamery at 524 and 528 West 57th Street, and a bottling plant at 1051 Webster Avenue in the Bronx. The building is currently occupied by a moving and storage company, and retains some original stable features, including wood and concrete horse ramps.

8-14 and 8-15: Prentis Hall (S/NR-eligible, NYCL-eligible), formerly the Sheffield Farms Dairy, is a five-story building at 632 West 125th Street (see No. 11 in Figures 8-1 and 8-10). In 1907, the Sheffield Farms-Slawson-Decker Company commissioned Frank A. Rooke to design a facility to house sanitary pasteurization and bottling facilities for the production of milk that was delivered throughout the Upper West Side and Harlem. Built in 1909, the Sheffield Farms Dairy was about 135 feet wide; a three-bay addition to the west was built in 1934. The building is clad in glazed white terra-cotta; the color may have been chosen to symbolize the dairy’s sanitary and hygienic conditions. The façade has classical ornament, including a dentillated string course above the third story, an egg-and-dart string course above the fourth story, and fasces framing the two triple-story openings (the central and westernmost openings) and the arches of the flanking windows. A showroom with a Guastavino tile vaulted ceiling, still extant, allowed the public to see the milk being processed.

Sheffield Farms was a large milk manufacturer in New York City in the early 20th century. Shortly after it was incorporated in 1902, it built a large number of plants throughout the City. Frank Rooke designed a number of these buildings, including a stable at 3229 Broadway in the Academic Mixed-Use Area (now occupied by a storage company), a creamery at 532 and 528 West 57th Street (which the new building on West 125th Street was designed to augment), and a bottling plant at 1051 Webster Avenue in the Bronx. The building, now Prentis Hall, is owned by Columbia University. Acquired by Columbia in 1949, the building housed the University’s Heat Transfer Facility, an electrical laboratory that tested the safety of nuclear fuel assemblies. The laboratory was closed in 2003, and Prentis Hall is presently used for various School of the Arts programs, including visual arts studios, film/video production spaces, electronic music department, Columbia Arts Initiative, and the Center for Jazz studios. The ground floor is used as a workshop studio for the proposed Manhattanville in West Harlem Rezoning and Academic Mixed-Use Development project.

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=== Columbia exhibit:
 * The first container of milk arrived by train to the New York City market in 1841.
 * The town of Manhattanville was founded in 1806 as the western gateway to Harlem, already a well-established community to the east. Centered on the intersection of Bloomingdale Road and Manhattan Street (now Broadway and 125th), it occupied a crucial point on the island.
 * By the early twentieth century Sheffield Farms was one of the largest dairy companies in the world. But its founder had begun modestly in 1841, making daily deliveries from his farm in the Bronx with a single cart and a few milk containers. The company’s first innovation was the invention of an enclosed milk wagon designed to keep dust out of the milk containers. Eventually four separate dairy concerns combined to form the Sheffield Farms Company – the number “4” was emblazoned on every bottle they sold – which continued operating into the 1950s, before eventually being incorporated into Kraft Foods.
 * By 1916, Sheffield Farms’ share amounted to 20 percent of all milk sold in the city.
 * The station at 130th Street was among the busiest and largest in the city with between 26 to 30 employees and the capacity to offload 40 railcars of milk at any one time.
 * The processing facility was purchased by Columbia University in 1949 and renamed Prentis Hall.
 * By 1841, more than 300,000 residents lived in Manhattan, and most of the city’s milk was being imported from Long Island or New Jersey. That year Thompson Decker established a milk delivery route from his rural farm in the Bronx to the Lower East Side. His one-horse business eventually grew to become the Sheffield Farms company. The first trainload of “country milk” arrived in the city that same year, signaling a major trend to come.
 * By the 1880s, all of New York’s milk arrived by railroad. Often, a can of milk would travel 500 miles before reaching its destination.
 * And yet from 1901 to 1905, nearly two in every ten children died before the age of one.
 * At the start of the twentieth century pure milk was a crusade….*New York City government’s first action was to call for the inspection and licensing of dairies. By the 1880s, city inspectors traveled all across upstate New York and neighboring states surveying suppliers to enforce strict rules that required all farmers hoping to sell milk in New York City have healthy cows, neat grounds, clean equipment, and trained staff.*By 1900, technical breakthroughs began to offer cheaper alternatives. Scientists could test samples from dozens of dairies for disease-laden bacteria in the same amount of time it took a dairy inspector to conduct a thorough investigation of a single farm.
 * In 1893 in New Jersey, Sheffield Farms opened the first pasteurization plant in the country, well ahead of its competitors.*In 1912, New York City made pasteurization mandatory for cow’s milk. By the 1930s, all milk sold in the city had to be not only pasteurized and inspected but shipped and sold in sealed and tamper-proof containers. New York finally outlawed the deadly “loose milk” in 1933. Sanitary measures and pasteurization, advocated for by activist reformers, developed by scientists and industry and enforced by government regulations were all in place by the end of the end of the 1930s. Finally, the milk problem had been solved.
 * The pure milk crusade lasted more than a quarter of a century – from 1892 until 1925. Because of the work accomplished during these years, the City’s Department of Health estimated that the lives of more than 400,000 New York children under the age of five had been saved.
 * Sheffield Farms, Borden’s and the United States Dairy Products Company were known as the “Big Three.” By the 1920s, they held more than 60 percent of the city’s dairy business.
 * By 1925, it was proudly proclaimed that “New York City is now said to have the best milk supply of any large city in the world.”