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Practicing citations
Thakurta is the author of Gas Wars: Crony Capitalism and the Ambanis which dealt with Reliance Industries involvement in oil and gas exportation

T.N Ninan is the recently retired Chairman of Business Standard Ltd and journalist. He has been an editor at Business Standard, the Economic Times, Business world and India Today having also received the B.D Goenka award for excellence in journalism

The Asia Pacific Journal of Management Research and Innovation is a double-blind, peer-reviewed journal that publishes case studies, review articles and more.

Now practise adding citations in the same style used in your chosen stub.

Moreover he is the chairman of Prime Minister’s Economic Advisory Council and was a member of the National Manufacturing Competitive Council

On top of his journalism career Bowring is also the author of multiple books such as Empire of Winds: The Global Role of Asia’s Great Archipelago and Free Trade’s First Missionary: Sir John Bowring in Europe and Asia

References

Answers to Module 7 Questions

 * Describe your media
 * It is a photo I took of seals from children's pool beach, la jolla San Diego.
 * Is it your own work (Links to an external site.)?
 * It is my own work
 * What is the file format (Links to an external site.)?
 * jpg.
 * What license (Links to an external site.) have you chosen?
 * Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
 * What category/gallery (Links to an external site.) will you add it to?
 * Animals, Seals, San Diego.
 * How will you describe (Links to an external site.) the file?
 * It is a jpg of an image I took on the 24th of June 2019

Background and Overview
Hamish McDonald is an Australian journalist and author of many books about Indonesia and India, one of which was the unauthorised biography The Polyester Prince: The Rise of Dhirubhai Ambani. He lived in India from 1990 to 1996 working as the New Delhi bureau chief of the Far Eastern Economic Review and worked as the Asia-Pacific editor for my Sydney Morning Herald newspaper until he decided to focus all of his time on his own books and took time away from the Sydney Morning Herald. “The Polyester Prince: The Rise of Dhirubhai Ambani” follows a famous Indian businessman Dhirubhai Ambani. Ambani was born on 28 December 1932 and is the son of Hirachand Gordhanbai Ambani a school teacher in a small village.

Dhirubhai Ambani founded Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) in 1957, originally starting as a textile company known as Reliance Commercial Corporation that has now expanded to undertake business deals and products consisting of energy, petrochemicals, natural resources, communications and retail. Ambani passed away from a stroke in July 2002, passing the chairmanship of RIL to his sons, most notably Mukesh Ambani. While working in New Delhi for the Far Eastern Economic Review McDonald took an interest in Ambani and begun to investigate his life and his polyester company, RIL and its planned growth overseas into the international market.

Indian Ban
In 1993 RIL's plans to enter overseas capital markets inspired McDonald think of writing a book about Dhirubhai Ambani’s rise to power and RIL. Amban i originally agreed to this idea thinking this biography would help inspire Indians to follow in his footsteps however in 1993 rumours about the government being rigged favourably for RIL prompted McDonald to investigate deeper which lead to what Ambani described as “defamatory”. The Ambani family distanced themselves from McDonald and cut off networking connections. However, McDonald continued to work on his book by talking to Ambani’s competitors such as Nusli Wadia, the owner of Bombay Dyeing in an attempt to retrace the steps of Dhirubhai Ambani from being the son of a school village teacher to a successful business tycoon.

Before finishing his manuscript, McDonald received a letter from Kanga & Co, the lawyers of Ambani and Reliance Industries. Ambani thought that the information to be included in this book would generate unwelcome media that would negatively impact Reliance Industries. This letter described the manuscript as having information that is ‘defamatory’ and thus served as a warning for McDonald that an injunction would be made if it was attempted to be published. McDonald ignored this warning and continued to write his manuscript when another letter was sent to Allen & Unwin, McDonald’s publishers, this time by Reliance Industries Sydney lawyers, Ashurst Australia again warning that actions would be taken if McDonald’s book contained defamatory material.

The Polyester Prince: The Rise of Dhirubhai Ambani was published in 1998 by Allen & Unwin. However once HarperCollins India, the Indian editors for the novel attempted to publish the book Ambani applied and got an injunction from the Delhi High Court that halted the book’s publication. The Delhi High Court passed a verdict in favour with the Ambani’s for their case against the book for its defamatory nature resulting it’s publication process being halted. HarperCollins stopped any future attempts at publishing the book upon further legal threats that would result in a costly loss for the company to continue. Renuka Chatterjee was heading HarperCollins at the time said that they received threats from the Ambanis’ saying that they would receive more court orders from other Indian states that threaten to sue the company. As a result of the HarperCollins withdrew the book and halted its publication leading to the book never being released to Indian Markets.

Synopsis
The Polyester Prince: The Rise of Dhirubhai Ambani is a biography of Dhirubhai Ambani chronicling his life and rise to power through the foundation and growth of Reliance Industries. The book follows his childhood living in a small village in Gujarat, India to founding Reliance Industries Limited in Bombay, India. McDonald explores the routes through which Ambani gained influence and power within the polyester, petrochemical, retail and communication industries.

The initial chapters delve into Dhirubhai Ambani’s childhood growing up in a small village in Gujarat India, the son of Hirachand Gordhanbhai Ambani who, at the time was the school village teacher. The book begins gradually to mention Ambani’s move to Aden, Yemen in the 1950s where he worked as a clerk at A. Besse & Co., a trading firm. During his time in Aden, the book introduces the tactics Ambani used to gain money and the his initial bits of power. The latter part of the book investigates his migration back to India and the foundation and powerful growth of Reliance Industries Limited within the polyester economy placing focus on Ambani’s usage of  politicians that cooperated with him to continue the fast growth of Reliance Industries Limited. Ambani gained both individual power and company power through various mechanisms. McDonald identified the ethical costs associated with Ambani’s decisions such as several scandals and court cases that were ultimately buried and handled in favour of the Ambani family. In a greater perspective this book explores the relationship between business and politics in India through Dhirubhai Ambani’s dealings from a clerk to founder of the second most profitable company in India. Dhirubhai Amban i's story indirectly explores the relationship between business and politics in India.

Ambani & Sons
Ambani & Sons also known has Mahabharata in Polyester: The Making of the World’s Richest Brothers and Their Feud was published by Roli Books in India in 2010 and is widely considered to be the sequel to its banned predecessor: The Polyester Prince: The Rise of Dhirubhai Ambani.

This biography consists of 23 chapters split in two sections. The first 17 chapters, similar to its predecessor, it accounts the life and accomplishments of Dhirubhai Ambani starting from his childhood and following his life through the foundation and growth of Reliance Industries. The rest of the biography, however, chronicles the events regarding his two sons Anil and Mukesh Ambani with Reliance Industries after Ambani’s passing in 2002. Ambani & Sons explores the skills and values of Dhirubhai Ambani and how they proved effective in the management and expansion of Reliance Industries still carried through after his passing in 2002.

= Polyester Prince 2000 Word Final Draft = The Polyester Prince: The Rise of Dhirubhai Ambani is an unauthorised biography of the Indian business tycoon and founder of Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) Dhirubhai Ambani by Hamish McDonald, an Australian journalist and author. This book was published in 1998 in Australia by Allen & Unwin but never published in India.

HarperCollins India, the publisher who owned the rights to the Indian edition, halted all publication attempts after RIL applied for and secured temporary injunctions on the grounds of anticipatory defamation. This injunction was made with the argument that the material of the book contained allegations, unethical and corrupt business dealings with politicians and more that would leave Ambani defenceless for the damage it would cause harm to both his and his companies reputation. The injunction application was passed by the Delhi High Court. HarperCollins pulped the printed yet unbound pages of the book after receiving further warnings that RIL would apply for further injunctions in all of India's twenty-two high courts and deciding it wasn’t worth the cost to defend the book’s publication rights. While the book was never made available to the public due to the injunction and warnings there are pirated photocopied versions available on the streets of Mumbai and New Delhi as well as online stores that now sell for prices above its original price sold in Australia.

McDonald published Ambani & Sons by Roli Books in India 12 years after The Polyester Prince with no legal issues. This sequel contained a sanitised version of the originals content as well as six new chapters pertaining to the events surrounding Ambani’s sons and RIL after his passing in 2002.

Dhirubhai Ambani and Hamish McDonald Relationship
Jamnaben and Hirachand Govardhandas Ambani were school teachers in a small village and the parents of Dhirajlal Hirachand Ambani, also known as Dhirubhai Ambani. Dhirubhai Ambani was born on the 28th of December 1932 in Junagarh, now known as Gujarat, India. Due to family circumstances around the age of 17, Ambani travelled to Aden, Yemen a former British colony on the Arabian Peninsula to work at a trading firm called Antonin Besse and Company (Besse & Co.). Due to the 1947 partition of India and Pakistan, many Indian textile companies migrated to Bangladesh hindering the industry as the cotton mills were in Bombay. In 1957 Ambani founded Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) targeting the polyester industry due to the decrease in competitors after the 1947 partition and the Licence Raj. Now, RIL has expanded to undertake business deals and products consisting of energy, petrochemicals, natural resources and communications. Ambani passed away from a stroke in July 2002, passing the chairmanship of RIL to his sons Mukesh Ambani and Anil Ambani.

Hamish McDonald is an Australian journalist and author of many books about Indonesia and India, one of which was the unauthorised biography “The Polyester Prince: The Rise of Dhirubhai Ambani.” He lived in India from 1990 to 1996 working as the New Delhi bureau chief of the Far Eastern Economic Review (FEER) and now works as the Asia-Pacific editor for The Sydney Morning Herald newspaper. During his work for FEER McDonald was invited to the wedding of Anil Ambani and Tina Munim in 1991. The initial relationship between McDonald, RIL and Ambani centred on journaling the company’s expansion on international markets, however, in 1992 McDonald decided that he wanted to write a book on Ambani and the interconnections with business and politics. McDonald expressed his desires to write this book which was met with favourable receptions by Ambani and Reliance who thought it would act as an inspiration for the next generation of Indian businessmen, at this time, both parties reached an understanding that for this project to go forward Ambani would have the final say.

The following year RIL was met with rumours that the government was rigged in favour of RIL to obtain oil exploration contracts. While McDonald needed to be in favour with the Ambani family, this recent development resulted in McDonald writing articles about the Panna-Mukta oil fields which were met with an unhappy Ambani who described it as “defamatory” without taking any legal action at the time. As a result, Ambani and RIL distanced themselves from McDonald and cut off networking connections.

Composition & Publication
On July 1995 McDonald quit his job working at FEER to devote full time to the development of his book. McDonald and his unfavourable relationship with Ambani was made evident in 1996 when he went to interview Ratibhai Muchhala who worked as the export manager for Ambani. However, upon reaching Muchhala’s office, McDonald was met with Dinesh Sheth, Dhirubhai’s personal assistant at the time who explained that Ambani would prefer this project to cease development. McDonald continued to investigate Ambani through talking to individuals such as Ambani’s main competitors like Nusli Wadia, the owner of Bombay Dyeing in an attempt to understand Ambani’s actions during the polyester wars. McDonald continued to connect the life events of Ambani through Ambani’s colleagues, rivals and even the former Prime Minister Vishwanath Pratap Singh after realising that McDonald's book was not a hagiography of Dhirubhai Ambani. The original book received criticism on the sources behind McDonalds writing as it sourced media reports and interviewing Ambani’s competitors which may have skewed the writing to negatively portray Ambani.

In 1997, before McDonald finished his final manuscript of The Polyester Prince: The Rise of Dhirubhai Ambani he was met with a letter from Kanga & Co, the lawyers of Ambani and Reliance Industries. This letter detailed that their client believes the information in the proposed publication would generate unwelcome media which would not only negatively impact their client and his families name but also potentially harm RIL. Ambani described the upcoming book to contain defamatory information due to the current unfavourable relationship between the author and Ambani after the release of McDonalds articles in 1993 on the Panna-Mukta oil fields. Finally ,this letter served as a warning that if the book would attempt to be published will be met with legal actions in the form of injunctions. McDonald ignored these warnings and continued to work on his manuscript. RIL, however, continued to fight the upcoming publication of the book by sending further letters from Ashurt Australia, their lawyers based in Sydney, Australia, to Allen & Unwin, McDonald Australian publishers repeating that the information contained in the proposed publishment would induce injuries to Ambani and RIL that they could not defend. Patrick Gallagher, the founder and chairman of Allen & Unwin proceeded with the publication of The Polyester Prince: The Rise of Dhirubhai Ambani, beginning the initial print of 3,000 copies in 1997 and finally publishing the book in early 1998 in Australia. HarperCollins India, the Indian editors of the book and the holder of the Indian rights had finished editing the manuscript and had printing pages that were yet to be bound into a book was met with legal trouble from RIL which halted its publication in India.

Legal Injunction on Publication in India
RIL and Ambani applied for a legal injunction from the Ahmedabad and Delhi High Courts towards the publishment of the book in India on the anticipatory grounds that the publication contained defamatory material towards both RIL and Dhirubhai Ambani. The Delhi High Court passed a verdict in favour with RIL and Ambani’s, allowing them to procure a temporary injunction against publication. This temporary injunction restricted the publishment of the book for a while however upon the approval of the temporary injunction HarperCollins removed printed pages of the book and halted all publication attempts. Allen & Unwin would not stop the publishment of the book in Australia however would not attempt to publish the book within Indian jurisdictions.

Upon a meeting with Renuka Chatterjee, who was heading HarperCollins India at the time told McDonald that they received further legal threats along with pre-publication injunction notices on the grounds of anticipated defamation that threatened that RIL would apply for these injunctions in all twenty-two Indian high courts. Saying that"'As of now the book is not happening. The matter is sub judice. The Ambanis’ have secured an injunction in the Delhi High Court against the publication.'"HarperCollins India was not prepared to defend the book as the publishment case could continue over several years and become costly. As a result, they withdrew the book and halted its publication which resulted in the book never being released to Indian markets.

Pirated Versions Found In India
Due to the injunctions on the Indian version of the book it was never made available on public markets for purchase however the injunction has seemed to increase its value. In recent years pirated photocopied versions have appeared on Mumbai and Delhi’s streets for prices ranging from Rs 50 to Rs 1,600 (approximately US$0.69 to US$22). Moreover, the available copies on internet sites such as Amazon were selling for up to US$500 due to the unauthorised content it contained. Ambani & Sons, the sequel to the book was published in 2010 and contained similar content to its predecessor however had certain allegations, scandals and more that were found in the original removed.

Synopsis
The Polyester Prince: The Rise of Dhirubhai Ambani chronicles and uses Dhirubhai Ambani’s life from childhood to founder of RIL following India’s independence in 1947 and highlights how India’s post-independence industry development was achieved by both fair and foul means

The first section of the book explores the events of Ambani’s young adult life that influenced his understanding of business and developed his skillset that later went on to help him found RIL. This section explores how the mixture of Ambani’s working experience as a young adult at trading companies along with post-independence India’s changing business landscape lead to Ambani’s debut in the wealthy social circles of India and rise in his power.

The latter part of the book centers on Ambani’s different business dealings, both successful and criticised as he founds and expands RIL. Throughout the book, McDonald describes the ethical costs associated with Ambani’s management of the political environment using his status in wealthy social circles that included politicians, stock market speculators and more to path the way for RIL to become India’s largest private-sector conglomerate

Ambani & Sons
Ambani & Sons was published by Roli Books in India in 2010 and published by NewSouth Publishing as Mahabharata in Polyester: The Making of the World’s Richest Brothers and Their Feud in Australia. This book was widely considered to be the sequel to The Polyester Prince: The Rise of Dhirubhai Ambani as it includes the original 17 chapters with an additional six chapters pertaining to the events following Dhirubhai Ambani’s passing in 2002, Ambani’s sons, Mukesh and Anil Ambani.

Ambani & Sons consists of 23 chapters split into two sections. The first 17 chapters chronicle the rise of Dhirubhai Ambani from childhood to a business tycoon with large commercial success. The first section of the novel explores how the stock markets were manipulated, competitors harassed and other unethical business partners and corruption that occurred and resulted in RIL obtaining a large market share in the Indian marketplace. The new six chapters follow Anil and Mukesh Ambanis’ feud over the Reliance group. 

There are a few differences between the Indian and Australian publications of the sequel due to Pramod Kapur, the founder and publisher of Roli Books, asking McDonald to remove some controversial passages that were found in The Polyester Prince such as the attempted murder allegation of Nusli Waldi. Such controversial passages still appear in the Australian publication of the book. As a result of the sanitation of Ambani & Sons along with fight between Mukesh Ambani and Anil Ambani that has gained large attention from the media, this book was not met with the same legal threats as The Polyester Prince.