User:Waggie/sandbox/Nikolai Pavlovich Sakharov

Nikolai Pavlovich Sakharov (Николай Павлович Сахаров) born August 30, 1893 in Murom, Vladimir Province, Russia, died in 1951 in San Francisco, CA. He was a major general (1919) and a prominent figure in the White movement in Siberia.

Education and the beginning of military service
He was born on August 30, 1893 in Murom, in the family of nobles of the Vladimir province. His parents were Pavel Sakharov and Antonina Vasilyevna.

In 1911 he graduated from the Muromsky real school and in the same year entered the volunteer military service. He served in the 4th Caucasian Rifle Regiment, where in July 1912 he was given the rank of non-commissioned officer.

October 1, 1912 was promoted to ensign and transferred to the reserve.

From 1913 to 1914 he studied at the Moscow Agricultural Institute, where he was mobilized in connection with the beginning of the First World War.

Participation in the First World War
During the First World War, he served in the 9th Infantry of Ingermanland the Emperor Peter the Great regiment. From 1915, he was a second lieutenant, from 1916 - a lieutenant, from March 1917 - a staff captain, from September 1917 - a captain.[3] lost the combat capability of the South-Western Front in Murom.

He commanded companies and regimental intelligence. He was wounded and contused three times (according to other data, four times), was awarded seven military orders, including the Order of St. George of the 4th degree [2]and the St. George weapon.

Member of the anti-Bolshevik underground
At the beginning of 1918, he created in Moscow an anti-Bolshevik organization with the participation of students from the Agricultural Institute in Petrovsko-Razumovsky.

The officer’s fate was altered by a meeting with a representative of Colonel A. P. Perkhurov in Moscow. Sakharov joined the Union for the Defense of the Motherland and Freedom and did not long hold the post of Chief of the Reserve Division of the headquarters of this organization. In May 1918, Sakharov’s group, over two thousand people (possibly overpriced tenfold), made up the “second infantry division of the Union cadres”.

On July 8–9, 1918, with the support of the Bishop of Murom Mitrofan (Zagorsky), the prior of the Transfiguration Monastery (since 1917 the parents of N. P. Sakharov lived in the monastery), he led an uprising against the Bolsheviks in Murom as commander of the Eastern Volunteer Army. The rebels managed to occupy the city of Murom, but the local population did not support them. There was no promised help, it was not possible to establish ties with Rybinsk and Yaroslavl. Under the onslaught of the red troops, the participants in the uprising were forced to leave the city. In battle, Sakharov was wounded; in a roundabout way through Ryazan, Moscow, Vologda in August, he reached Kazan, already taken by a united detachment of Czechoslovakians and a lieutenant colonel V. O. Kappel.

White Army Commander
In the summer of 1918, he reached Kazan, where he joined the People’s Army of the Committee of the Constituent Assembly (Komucha), was appointed commander of the Arsk military unit, which was soon reorganized into the 3rd Kazan (later the 50th Arsk) rifle regiment as part of the Kazan Infantry brigade. Served under the command of V. O. Kappel. On September 10, 1918, whites were forced to leave Kazan. Soon, from the units of the Northern group of the People's Army operating at the front, Colonel A.P. Perkhurov Kazan was composed of a separate infantry brigade. The commander of the 3rd Kazan Infantry Regiment in it was N. P. Sakharov. The brigade slowly departed along the Volga-Bugulma railway and at the end of September, immediately after it left for Nurlatstation, became a member of the Simbirsk group of Colonel Kappel. Almost without receiving equipment and replenishment due to the fact that the former Komuch troops in the higher headquarters were falsely considered "Socialist-Revolutionaries", the Kazan brigade melted like snow. Of the 3,600 bayonets and sabers in October, by mid-November, no more than 1,000 fighters remained. After the abandonment of Ufa in January 1919, the whole group of Major General Kappel was assigned to reorganize into the city of Kurgan.

When the Volga Corps was reorganized, the regiment of N. P. Sakharov became known as the 50th Laishevsky Regiment, and from April 1919 - the 50th Arsk Rifle Regiment. The respite was short: in the same month, a detachment under the command of Sakharov was separated from the corps to suppress the uprising in Kustanai. Unlike many "heroes of the rear," Volzhane left behind them a good memory from the peasants who made thanks at the gathering to the officers and soldiers of the detachment and sent 100,000 rubles to the corps headquarters for "arranging and improving the food of his ranks."

The Volga Army Corps was preparing as a reserve for Headquarters for performing shock tasks, but did not manage to complete its formation when in early May 1919, due to the deterioration of the situation, he was suddenly summoned to the front.

Three regiments of the 13th Kazan division with two armored trains and the Ufa hussarsky regiment defended Belebey against two rifle brigades (6 regiments) and a cavalry division of the Reds. Recently poured replenishments from among former Red Army men who were put into service without due verification, went over to the side of the enemy. In the 50th Arsk regiment under the village Gorodetskaya ran a company. Nevertheless, the battles were stubborn and bitter. General Kappel was able to quickly bring the parts in order.

The arrows of N. P. Sakharov took part in all the major operations of the summer-autumn of 1919: in defense on the r. White south of Ufa, in the mountains of the Urals, then near Chelyabinsk and in the counteroffensive on Tobol. For the battles of 1918 near Kazan, Nikolai Pavlovich was promoted to colonel, and on August 23, 1919 - to major generals (with seniority from April 10th - from the day of liberation from Kustanai partisan).

In September 1919, he was appointed Assistant Chief of the 1st Samara Rifle Division of the 1st Volga Army Corps, and on the eve of the surrender of Omsk, on November 6, when he started Major General A. S. Imshenetsky received the Volga group of troops from Kappel, General Sakharov entered in command of the Samara Division. In the area of Novo-Nikolaevsk, all three divisions of the group were actually brought to the regiments. In the Great Siberian campaign, theremnants of the 3rd Army, which included the Volzhan, were heavier than the others, because they had to move east through the Shcheglovskaya taiga south of the railway, along a narrow and almost deserted "migrant tract". Under Kemchug and KrasnoyarskSimbirtsi almost completely perished, only a handful of Kazantsevs managed to escape, and only Sakharov Samartsev emerged as a relatively cohesive fighting unit. Therefore, after the death of typhoid in a. UkJanuary 21, 1920 General Imshenetskii, Volzhane leadership passed to Sakharov. The youngest general of the white army A. V. Kolchak. Lt. Col. FF Meibom in his memoirs called him "the bravest of the brave."

In March 1920, the Kappelev Army that came to Transbaikalia was reformed. The group of General Sakharov was reduced to the Separate Volga Brigade (rifle, dragoon regiments and battery). Far Eastern Army Ataman G. M. Semenov (until December 1920). In Primorye, from August 25, 1921, the renewed Volga Region brigade included the 1st Volga, the 4th Ufa, the 8th Kama infantry regiments, the 1st cavalry regiment and the Imansky hundred. Among those hardened in battles, but not distinguished by external fit, Volzhan, their commander was very popular. They maintained a special discipline - “a mixture of the former and their volunteer”, and it was based on mutual trust and understanding. From June 1921, General Sakharov served as the head of the garrison of the city.Nikolsk-Ussuriyskogo.

In November 1921, the White Army Army, Major General V. M. Molchanov, began her campaign against Khabarovsk. Nikolai Pavlovich was appointed first deputy and chief assistant to General V. M. Molchanov. Having tactical independence, he acted successfully, taking the Ussuri and Iman stations with battles. Moving in the vanguard at the head of a detachment of 380 sabers formed on December 14, 1921, General Sakharov on December 21 drove the Reds out of the village of Kazakevichevo. But the fervor and striving for frontal blows served him a disservice: in the battles of December 28 and January 11, 1922, under the JingstationThe Volga Brigade suffered heavy losses and was unable to achieve a fracture. Severely experiencing the failure of his troops and feeling personally responsible for this, Nikolai Pavlovich himself surrendered command of the brigade and left the front for Vladivostok.

He returned to service in August 1922 by the commander of the Volga rifle regiment (detachment) of the Zemsky Rati, Lieutenant General MK Diterikhs, and with it retreated to China. Until May 1923, he was with troops in camps near Jilin, from where he was removed at the request of the local authorities, as were the generals Diterikhs and Molchanov. Nikolai Pavlovich emigrated to the United States. Shortly before the Soviet-Chinese conflict on the CER, N. P. Sakharov arrived in Harbin as a representative of Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolayevich, with the task of forming white partisan detachments. The general created and led the Far Eastern Corps of Russian Volunteers. Three of his detachment operated in Transbaikalia, Primorye and the Amur region. In one of the raids, in an unequal struggle against the GPU in the autumn of 1929, the former commander of the Omsk rifle regiment, Colonel Mokhov, was killed. Soviet agents tried to neutralize the actions of General Sakharov, recruiting an employee from his entourage, Colonel V. Ye. Sotnikov, but he was quickly exposed and fled to Primorye.

Then N. P. Sakharov lived in Shanghai, actively participating in the public life of the Russian colony. In 1949, when the communist troops of Mao Zedong approached the city, the general, like many Russians, emigrated to Fr. Samar (Philippines), and then to California.

Nikolai Pavlovich Sakharov died in 1951 in San Francisco and was buried in the Serbian cemetery in Colma.

General References

 * Биография
 * Муромское антисоветское восстание 1918
 * Храбрейший из храбрых. К биографии генерал-майора Н. П. Сахарова