User:Wakefjl1/sandbox

Editorial Paragraph “The mission of the Alliance for Democracy is to free all people from corporate domination of politics, economics, the environment, culture and information; to establish true democracy; and to create a just society with a sustainable, equitable economy.” (About Alliance). “The Alliance for Democracy (AFORD), the Malawi Democratic Party (MDP) and the UDF, initially existed as pressure groups in 1991-92 before the 1993 referendum (Konrad-Adenauer-Foundation 1998). All parties apart from the MCP, which was registered in 1960, were officially registered in 1993 in time for the multiparty general elections.” (Kadima 113). Many would argue that AFORD was officially registered and active “...21.07.93.”(Kadima 114). However, “The regional demographic configuration of Malawi gives no chance to AFORD to win a presidential election or have a majority in the national assembly.” (Ten Years of Democracy in Malawi). In Malawi before and after the election of Muluzi, “...supporters of the governing party are more likely to reject non-democratic alternatives than are those who support all other parties, other than AFORD. (Redirecting). Malawi is located in the southeastern portion of Africa, and “...the Alliance for Democracy (AFORD) has the Northern Region of Malawi as its power base (on account of the fact that Chakufa Chihana was from the North)...” (Kalipeni 154).

Multiparty elections likely occurred in Malawi during the month of May in the year 1994 after Muluzi’s United Democratic Front prevailed against Banda’s Malawi Congress Party who finished one position higher than Chihana’s Alliance for Democracy in the first multiparty elections (Osei- Hwedie). In regards to the June 1993 referendum, the Chihana was able to secure roughly 18.9 percent of the vote for multi party elections and roughly 36 seats, arguably the entire northern region, for the parliamentary elections (Posner). UDF and AFORD were originally just pressure groups considering political parties were illegal under the rule of Banda, the Public Affairs Committee which consisted of the UDF, AFORD, and religious institutions in an attempt contend against the one party state of Malawi’s MCP (Van Donge).

Works Cited

“About Alliance for Democracy .” About the Alliance for Democracy, www.thealliancefordemocracy.org/about.html.

Kadima, Denis, and Samson Lembani. “MAKING, UNMAKING AND REMAKING POLITICAL PARTY COALITIONS IN MALAWI.” Eisa.org, www.eisa.org.za/pdf/kadima2006coalitions4.pdf.

Kalipeni, Ezekiel. Regional Polarisation in Voting Pattern: Malawi's 1994 Elections. www.jstor.org/stable/23489778?seq=3#metadata_info_tab_contents.

“Redirecting.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, The Royal Society, doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2006.09.011.

TEN YEARS OF DEMOCRACY IN MALAWI: ARE MALAWIANS GETTING ...afrobarometer.org/sites/default/files/publications/Working paper/AfropaperNo46.pdf.

Osei- Hwedie, Bertha. “Contributors to This Issue.” Journal of Contemporary African Studies, vol. 16, no. 2, 1998, pp. 321–321., doi:10.1080/02589009808729634.

Posner, Daniel N. "Malawi's New Dawn." Journal of Democracy, vol. 6 no. 1, 1995, pp. 131-145. Project MUSE, doi:10.1353/jod.1995.0017

Van Donge, Jan Kees. “Kamuzu's Legacy: The Democratization of Malawi: Or Searching for the Rules of the Game in African Politics.” African Affairs, vol. 94, no. 375, 1995, pp. 227–257. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/723780.