User:Wangna2019/中国国际救援队

历史沿革
The tasks included the 2003 Bumirdass Earthquake, 2003 Zhaosu Earthquake, 2003 Bam Earthquake, 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake, and 2005 Kashmir Earthquake, 2006 Indonesian Banda Sea Earthquake, Wenchuan Earthquake, 2010 Yushu Earthquake, 2010 Pakistan Floods, 2010 Haiti Earthquake, 2010 Pichi Lemu Earthquake in Chile, 2011 Christchurch Earthquake, 2011 Northeast Japan Pacific Offshore Earthquake, 2014 Ludian Earthquake, Nepal Earthquake in April 2015, 2017 Jiuzhaigou Earthquake and so forth.

CISAR possesses more than 2,000 rescue equipment such as optical sound wave detectors, sound wave detectors, infrared detectors, hydraulic pliers, moon lamps, airbags, search and rescue dogs, maritime satellite phones, etc.. The team is equipped with three RW3 large rescue vehicles, three trailer-type container rescue vehicles, and several satellite cluster communication vehicles and command vehicles. The large rescue vehicle is loaded with 280 sets of equipment, including sonic life search instrument, hydraulic power station, gas cylinder respirator, vehicle-mounted generator, etc. Each vehicle allows a detachment of 60 to 70 people to carry out search and rescue work at the same time on two operating surfaces.

CISAR medical detachment is equipped with medical devices such as emergency medical vehicles, net-type tents, portable ventilators, Dash3000 monitors, Lifepak20 defibrillators, electrocardiographs, and field operation beds. After entering the earthquake zone, the mobile hospital of CISAR is able to carry out medical aid in six field emergency units, including the command unit, classified disposal unit, critical illness emergency unit, surgical treatment unit, inspection and test unit, and pharmaceutical equipment unit. According to the experience of the CISAR in earthquake relief, about 80% of the victims will suffer psychological trauma after strong earthquakes, so the medical team has arranged specialized psychological intervention experts to take charge of related matters.

Staffing
CISAR requires “quick response, high flexibility and strong mobility, and the ability to perform emergency rescue tasks at any time. It has the capabilities of performing management, support, search, rescue, medical rescue and disaster assessment. The team consists of experts from the China Earthquake Administration who are responsible for earthquakes, engineering structures, and dangerous goods, liaisons familiar with the UN's rescue affairs, emergency medical personnel from the General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, and professional rescuers from engineer corps of the People's Liberation Army. The National Earthquake Emergency Rescue and Research (China International Search and Rescue) is organized as a general team, subordinating three detachments and a direct team. The detachment is divided into search unit, rescue unit, medical unit, technical unit and support unit. The direct team consists of the staff officer group, technical group, and security group. CISAR can be staffed as a 16, 27, 48, or 67 team according to needs.

CISAR is under the leadership of the State Council and the Central Military Commission, with the Joint Meeting of Onsite Working Team Leaders for Earthquake Disasters as the coordinating and managerial body. The Joint Meeting Office is located at the China Earthquake Emergency Search and Rescue Centre. According to the requirements of the China Earthquake Administration and the Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission, the Joint Meeting is responsible for reviewing the rescue team formation plan, development plan, annual work plan, annual and major expenditure plans; reviewing technical rescue standards, training programs, training outline, training base construction plan and international exchanges; reviewing and approving rescue equipment configuration plan, procurement plan and other significant issues. The Joint Meeting Office is responsible for the preparation of development plans, the formulation of action plans, the organization of personnel training, and the management of personnel appointments of the CISAR.

The China Earthquake Emergency Search and Rescue Centre is the composition and supporting unit of CISAR. The Search and Rescue Centre undertakes tasks such as the research and development of earthquake emergency rescue technologies, information services, equipment support, and personnel training at home and abroad, and acts as the business leading and technical guiding body of the People’s Republic of China in the field of earthquake emergency rescue. In order to conduct professional skill training for rescue team members, the Search and Rescue Centre established a National Earthquake Emergency Rescue Training Base in Fenghuangling, Haidian District, Beijing. The training base covers an area of 194 acres, and the ruin training ground covers an area of 6,700 square meters. The base can provide emergency management personnel with simulation training and drills in command scheduling and plan deduction, and provide rescue personnel with comprehensive practical training such as building collapse rescue, secondary disaster rescue, and counter-terrorism drills.

Among the members of CISAR, search and rescue members account for the largest proportion, reaching about 300 people. The rescue team members are from the 82nd engineer brigade of the 82nd Group Army of Chinese People's Liberation Army. Active soldiers shall undertake emergency rescue work by combining peacetime with wartime operations. At the same time, the search and rescue dog team of CISAR, the first professional team of its kind in mainland China, has more than 40 search and rescue dogs.

The medical personnel of CISAR is dispatched by the Third Medical Centre of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital (301 Hospital), including doctors from departments such as emergency, internal medicine, surgery, obstetrics and gynaecology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, dermatology, laboratory and anaesthesiology, responsible for providing medical services for victims in the earthquake area, and providing medical protection for rescue team members. In 2005, China International Search and Rescue Mobile Hospital was formally established, and since then, it provides relevant medical personnel with two months of full-time emergency rescue training and exercises every year.