User:Warmtones1/New sandbox

 Annotated bibliography for work on Gender Role 

MLA:

Aubrey, Jennifer Stevens, and Kristen Harrison. “The Gender-Role Content of Children's Favorite Television Programs and Its Links to Their Gender-Related Perceptions.” Media Psychology, vol. 6, no. 2, May 2004, pp. 111–146., Retrieved from doi:10.1207/s1532785xmep0602_1.

APA:

Aubrey, J. S., & Harrison, K. (2004). The Gender-Role Content of Children's Favorite Television Programs and Its Links to Their Gender-Related Perceptions. Media Psychology,6(2), 111-146. doi:10.1207/s1532785xmep0602_1

In "The Gender-Role Content of Children's Favorite Television Programs and Its Links to Their Gender-Related Perceptions," Jennifer Stevens Aubrey and Kristen Harrison support the claim that children have been affected by the gender specific roles they see on television and are generally more attracted to characters of the same sex and the values they portray. Using the statistical analysis of two studies, Aubrey and Harrison portray the link(or lack thereof) between stereotypical male/female characters and children. Aubrey and Harrison do a good job of using their experimental data to explain the negative and positive relationships found between children and the characters they see on television.This source provides insight into the effects of gender roles in television media on children, lending to the Gender Role article by showing the prevalence of gender roles in children's television and showing the effects these stereotypes have on children.

MLA:

Steyer, Isabella. “Gender Representations in Childrens Media and Their Influence.” Campus-Wide Information Systems, vol. 31, no. 2/3, 2014, pp. 171–180., doi:10.1108/cwis-11-2013-0065.

APA:

Steyer, I. (2014). Gender Representations in Children's Media and Their Influence. Campus-Wide Information Systems,31(2/3), 171-180. doi:10.1108/cwis-11-2013-0065

In "Gender Representations in Children's Media and Their Influence," Isabella Steyer reports that gender stereotypes and roles are highly present in children's television programming. Using data collected from research studies conducted throughout the 20th and 21st century, Steyer concludes that women are often underrepresented in television and that children can look to the gender stereotypes they see in television programs as guides. Steyer effectively pieces together several different studies to come to her conclusion about the negative effects that gender roles in television can have on children. Steyer's article also lends to the conversation on the Gender Role article by further showing how children are affected by the gender stereotyping shown on television.

MLA:

Rubie-Davies, Christine M., et al. “Watching Each Other: Portrayals of Gender and Ethnicity in Television Advertisements.” The Journal of Social Psychology, vol. 153, no. 2, Mar. 2013, pp. 179–180., doi:10.1080/00224545.2012.717974.

APA:

Rubie-Davies, C. M., Liu, S., & Lee, K. K. (2013). Watching Each Other: Portrayals of Gender and Ethnicity in Television Advertisements. The Journal of Social Psychology,153(2), 179-180. doi:10.1080/00224545.2012.717974

In "Watching Each Other: Portrayals of Gender and Ethnicity in Television Advertisements," Christine M. Rubie-Davies, Sabrina Liu, and Kai-Chi Katie Lee conclude that television advertisements seen in countries around the world are gender stereotypical. Using data collected from recurring themes shown in advertisements, Rubie-Davies, Liu, and Lee report the trends seen in many television advertisements that are broadcasted in countries such as the United States and New Zealand. By showing these trends, Rubie-Davies, Liu, and Lee pinpoint the gender stereotyping that occurs in television advertising. This article lends to the discussion of gender roles in television media by pinpointing the trends seen in advertising and using the trends to expose the stereotypes seen in the advertisements.

MLA:

Matthes, Jörg, et al. “Gender-Role Portrayals in Television Advertising Across the Globe.” Sex Roles, vol. 75, no. 7-8, Oct. 2016, pp. 315–316., doi:10.1007/s11199-016-0617-y.

APA:

Matthes, J., Prieler, M., & Adam, K. (2016). Gender-Role Portrayals in Television Advertising Across the Globe. Sex Roles,75(7-8), 315-316. doi:10.1007/s11199-016-0617-y

In "Gender-Role Portrayals in Television Advertising Across the Globe," Jörg Matthes, Michael Prieler, and Karoline Adam illustrate the existence of gender stereotypes in television advertising in many countries around the world. Through the use of studies done on associations between characters in advertisements and variables associated with those characters, Matthes, Prieler, and Adam demonstrate the validity of their argument. The authors of this article explain the connection between the characters and other variables in advertisements and how this relates to gender stereotyping well. This article offers statistical data that shows a relationship between advertisements seen on television and gender stereotyping.

MLA:

Hess, Donna J., and Geoffrey W. Grant. “Prime-Time Television and Gender-Role Behavior.” Teaching Sociology, vol. 10, no. 3, 1983, pp. 371–388. JSTOR, JSTOR, doi:10.2307/1317366.

APA:

Hess, D. J., & Grant, G. W. (1983). Prime-Time Television and Gender-Role Behavior. Teaching Sociology,10(3), 371-388. doi:10.2307/1317366

In "Prime-Time Television and Gender-Role Behavior," Donna J. Hess and Geoffrey W. Grant highlight the pervasiveness of prime-time television in society and point out the prevalence of gender stereotypes in this kind of television. Through the use of a study on gender roles in television done with a coding system, compared to studies done by students in a Sociology class using the same system, Grant and Hess demonstrate how gender roles changed and stayed the same from 1979 to 1983. By showing this data, Grant and Hess demonstrate the change, or lack-thereof, in gender roles in prime-time television over the course of four years. By showing how gender roles in prime-time television changed from 1979 to 1983 well, Grant and Hess add to the discussion of gender role by providing contrast to the prevalence of gender stereotypes shown in television programs shown in later years.

MLA:

Lauzen, Martha M., et al. “Constructing Gender Stereotypes Through Social Roles in Prime-Time Television.” Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, vol. 52, no. 2, June 2008, pp. 200–214., doi:10.1080/08838150801991971.

APA:

Lauzen, M. M., Dozier, D. M., & Horan, N. (2008). Constructing Gender Stereotypes Through Social Roles in Prime-Time Television. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media,52(2), 200-214. doi:10.1080/08838150801991971

In "Constructing Gender Stereotypes Through Social Roles in Prime-Time Television," Martha M. Lauzen(Ph.D., University of Maryland), David M. Dozier(Ph.D., Stanford University), and Nora Horan (M.A. San Diego State University) conclude that many of the social roles shown in prime time television mirror those seen in gender stereotypical aspects of everyday life. Using data collected from 124 television programs during the 2005 to 2006 season, Lauzen, Dozier, and Horan point out the gender roles, such as a woman portrayed mainly as a wife and mother, seen in prime time television. Lauzen, Dozier, and Horan also mention a counter-argument that claims the way women are portrayed on television is being changed, but this argument is quickly debunked with the data provided. Lauzen, Dozier, and Horan explain how prevalent gender roles are in prime time television around 2005 and 2006 well, which adds to the Gender Role article not only by providing statistical data to prove this, but also by supporting and agreeing with another source that comes to the same conclusion.

MLA:

Gerding, Ashton, and Nancy Signorielli. “Gender Roles in Tween Television Programming: A Content Analysis of Two Genres.” Sex Roles, vol. 70, no. 1-2, Jan. 2014, pp. 43–56., doi:10.1007/s11199-013-0330-z.

APA:

Gerding, A., & Signorielli, N. (2014). Gender Roles in Tween Television Programming: A Content Analysis of Two Genres. Sex Roles,70(1-2), 43-56. doi:10.1007/s11199-013-0330-z

In "Gender Roles in Tween Television Programming: A Content Analysis of Two Genres," Ashton Gerding(University of Missouri) and Nancy Signorielli(University of Deleware) illustrate the gender stereotypes seen in television geared towards younger audiences. Gerding and Signorielli show, through the analysis of forty television programs with a younger audience, that tween television programs in 2011 showed a considerable decrease in the gender stereotyping compared to tween television programs in earlier years. Although Gerding and Signorielli made sure to mention the prevalence of gender stereotyping in some aspects of tween television programs, they explained how gender stereotyping has decreased in other aspects through the statistical analysis of data. Since this study was conducted in 2011, it continues the research done in many previous studies, adding to the discussion of gender roles in television media by keeping the information updated.

MLA:

Bartsch, Robert A., et al. “Gender Representation in Television Commercials:Updating an Update.” Sex Roles, vol. 43, no. 9-10, Nov. 2000, pp. 735–743., echo.louisville.edu/login?url= https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=4470213&site=ehost-live.

APA:

Bartsch, R. A., Diller, T. R., Burnett, T., & Rankin-Williams, E. (2000). Gender Representation in Television Commercials:Updating an Update. Sex Roles,43(9-10), 735-743. Retrieved from echo.louisville.edu/login?url= https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=4470213&site=ehost-live.

In "Gender Representation in Television Commercials: Updating an Update," Robert A. Bartsch(University of Texas of the Permian Basin), Tommye R. Diller(Sul Ross State University), Teresa Burnett(University of Texas of the Permian Basin), and Elizabeth Rankin-Williams(University of Texas of the Permian Basin) provide an update to the data collected in 1976 and 1988 and conclude that gender stereotyping was still present in the data collected in 1998. By using statistical analysis and comparison, Bartsch, Diller, Burnett, and Rankin-Williams demonstrate the lack of considerable change in the gender stereotyping seen in television commercials between 1976 and 1988. These authors do a good job of explaining how the data collected shows an inconsiderable change in gender stereotyping in television commercials from 1976 to 1998 and what specific gender stereotypes were being measured, including the setting in which women and men are depicted. This study contributes to the Gender Role article by showing the change of gender stereotyping in television commercials over three decades.