User:Wasechun tashunka/sandbox/Expugnatio Hibernica

Expugnatio Hibernica (Latin for Conquest of Ireland), also known as Vaticinalis Historia (Latin for Prophetic History), is a 12th-century depiction of Ireland and the Irish, written by the Norman writer Gerald of Wales, soon after the Norman invasion of Ireland. Accompanying the Topographia Hibernica, it was highly influential in the Middle Ages for its negative presentation of the Irish, and its justification of the conquest of Ireland.

Background
The author was born about 1146 within the aristocratic FitzGerald/de Barri family in the castle of Manorbeer in Wales with the birth name of Gerald de Barri. Gerald made his first visit to Ireland in 1183 and returned in 1185. His first visit, to see members of his family who had played a prominent role in the Angevin invasion of the country in 1169, was not more than a year long. His second visit was undertaken at the command of King Henry II, in the company of the king's youngest son, Prince John, and lasted from 25 April 1185 to Easter 1186.

All of his writings were in Latin and have been translated into English. Based on the evidence of the Topographia, it would appear that Gerald's travels within Ireland were not extensive. He spent most of this first visit in Waterford and Cork. During his second visit, he visited Dublin, Wicklow, Meath, Kildare and, possibly, Athlone and Lough Derg. Whether or not he visited some of the places he mentioned or he simply related tales he heard from others is debatable. He wrote about the island of Inishglora, off the coast of the Mullet Peninsula, Erris, that corpses on that island do not putrefy and that generations of people all in a state of perpetual 'freshness' were to be seen on that island.

Influence
The Expugnatio, alongside the more popular Topographia, is commonly held to blame for propagating negative stereotypes of the Irish as an uncivilised people in need of moral reformation. The work was written in the context of the English monarchy's claim over the island of Ireland, and was to fuel later attempts to impose English customs in Ireland.