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Port Hawkesbury (Scottish Gaelic: Baile a' Chlamhain) is a town located on the southwestern end of Cape Breton Island, on the north shore of the Strait of Canso in Nova Scotia's Inverness County. Positioned as the gateway to Cape Breton just minutes from the Canso Causeway, the town's nickname is "Cape Breton's Front Porch."

History
The end of glaciation began 13,500 years ago[5] and ended with the region becoming largely ice free 11,000 years ago. The earliest evidence of Palaeo-Indian settlement in the region follows rapidly after deglaciation.[6]

Several thousand years ago the territory of the province became known a part of the territory of the Mi'kmaq nation of Mi'kma'ki. Mi'kma'ki includes what is now the Maritimes, parts of Maine, Newfoundland and the Gaspé Peninsula. The town of Port Hawkesbury is in the traditional Mi'kmaw district of Unama'ki.

In 1605, French colonists established the first permanent European settlement in the future Canada (and the first north of Florida) at Port Royal, founding what would become known as Acadia.[7][8] While the French established the first European settlements on Île Royale (as the French called Unama'ki) at present day Englishtown in 1629 and the following year at St. Peter's, just 40 kilometers away from present day Port Hawksbury, neither settlement lasted past 1659. European settlers did not return to the island until Louisbourg were re-established by the French in 1713. By 1763 most of Acadia, including what had now become Cape Breton Island had come under British control.

Founded in 1789 as Ship Harbour, Port Hawkesbury was renamed in honour of Admiral Sir Edward Hawke. Incorproated in 1889, the community built ships for the timber export trade in the early and mid 19th century, such such as the brig James, the subject of one of the earliest ship portraits in Canada.[4] Schooners and fishing boats were also built for the inshore and banks fishery by firms such as the noted boat builder H.W. Embree and Sons.

Today the town is largely a service centre for western Cape Breton Island, with many of its residents working in large industries, particularly the pulp and paper plant in the industrial park located in the adjacent community of Point Tupper, Richmond County.

Government
The Town of Port Hawkesbury is governed by a Council composed of a Mayor and four Councillors elected at-large. [23] The mayor is Brenda Chisholm-Beaton. Day to day activities are managed by a Chief Administrative Officer (CAO) who is accountable to Council.[25]Municipal governments in Nova Scotia are elected every four years and the most recent round of elections took place on October 15, 2016.[26] The provincial legislation that creates and empowers the municipality is the Nova Scotia Municipal Government Act.[27]

Municipal Council is responsible for all facets of the municipal government, including directly delivered and shared or regional services. Directly delivered services include services such fire, public works, roads, as well as the municipally owned and operated electrical and water utilities. The municipality participates in shared services, such as library services and policing. The town's municipal operating budget was $7.8 million in the 2018/19 fiscal year.[28 ]

Port Hawkesbury is represented in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly by Alana Paon, elected to the riding of Cape Breton-Richmond, and in Canada's House of Commons by Rodger Cuzner, elected to represent the riding of Cape Breton—Canso.

Economy
In 2006 the Port of Port Hawkesbury was the second largest by annual tonnage in Canada, second only to Vancouver, British Columbia, due to large volumes of crushed rock and gravel shipments and oil trans-shipments. It handled 31.6 million metric tonnes in 2006, of which 21.6 million tonnes was crude petroleum. By 2011, the volume of annual tonnage had dropped to 23.7 million tonnes, making it the 7th largest port in Canada.

The port is served by tugs of Svitzer Towing such as the tug Point Chebucto. Historically it was a stop for American coastal steam ships.

Located in neighbouring Port Tupper, the Port Hawkesbury Mill began operation in 1962. The overwhelming majority of the paper produced is exported to the United States. The mill has the capability to produce nearly 400,000 tons of supercalendered paper, or 25-20% of the market for that type of paper. The mill was closed for a year 2011-12, following the 2008 financial crisis, but by 2018 the company reported its annual order book was once again full.

Geography
The boundary of CBRM includes all of Cape Breton County except for the Eskasoni and Membertou First Nations.

Land area of the municipality is 2,433.35 square kilometres with a population density (2011) of just 40.0 persons per square kilometre. This compares to the provincial land area of 52,940 square kilometres and population density of 17.4 persons per square kilometre.

Climate
Port Hawkesbury experiences a Humid continental climate (Dfb). Due to the proximity to surrounding bodies of water, seasons tend to be delayed when compared to areas further inland. Precipitation is high, with the fall and winter being the wettest time of year and summer being the driest. Winters are cold, snowy and stormy with frequent snowstorms. Summer is the most pleasant time of year, with significantly less precipitation and warm temperatures.

The highest (reliable) temperature ever recorded in the strait area was 35.0 C on 7 July 1912 and 19 July 1975. The coldest temperature ever recorded was -28.5 C on 7 February 1993.

Demographics
In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Town of Port Hawkesbury recorded a population of 3,214 living in 1,345 of its 1,554 total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2011 population of 3,366. With a land area of 8.1 km2, it had a population density of in 2016.

Transportation
Highway, causway, airport, bus, port, airport.

Education
NSCC, Marine Institue, etc.

The town's schools are Tamarac Education Centre (Grades primary-8), SAERC (Grades 9-12) and the Strait Area Campus of the Nova Scotia Community College.

Culture
Festivals, events, venues.

Media

 * 101.5 (FM) - The Hawk
 * SAERC FM - 93.9
 * SAERC TV


 * The Reporter, community newspaper

Notable people

 * Lynn Coady is an author. Her best selling novels include Strange Heaven, Play the Monster Blind, Saints of Big Harbour, the Giller Prize nominated Antagonist (2011) and the Giller Prize Winning Hellgoing (2013).
 * Mark Day, a film and television actor now living in Toronto and Los Angeles.
 * Henry Embree, noted 19th-century boatbuilder
 * Aaron Johnson, an NHL draft pick now playing with the AHL's Stockton Heat.
 * Billy Joe MacLean, former mayor, provincial cabinet minister
 * Henry Nicholas Paint (1830–1921), member of Parliament for Richmond County, merchant and land owner. His family (settling from Guernsey) received land grants at Belle Vue on the Strait of Canso in 1817 and at Point Tupper in 1863, and did much to develop the local communities in the area.