User:Wee Curry Monster/sandpit

'A journey to Gibraltar' (Mrs. Robert Henrey)
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Quote: Most of the fugitives after 1704, had, however, fled to San Roque, a few miles inland

Summary: Briefly mentions the exodus but only in passing, with no discussion as to the events that motivated it. This is actually a travel guide.

'A New New English: language, politics, and identity in Gibraltar' (Anja Kellermann)
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Quote: some 4,000 Spanish civilians left the rock and took up residence around the nearby Hermitage of San Roque

Summary: Briefly mentions the exodus but only in passing, quoting Jackson a source we already use. There is no discussion as to the events that motivated it. This is actually a book about linguistics and politics not a history book.

=== 'A popular history of Gibraltar, its institutions, and its neighbourhood on both sides of the Straits, and a guide book to their principal places and objects of interest' (Gilbard (George James, Lieut.-Colonel)) ===

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Quote: San Roque, the situation of an ancient Hermitage which had always been an object of great veneration to the people of Gibraltar, for when in 1649 an epidemic disease, having committed great ravages at Cadiz and Seville causing the ruin of these opulent cities, finally reached Gibraltar, all attacked by it fell victims, and as no human skill could arrest its progress recourse was had to the Hermitage to which processions and peregrinations were successfully made. It was observed that none died who retired to that eminence although attacked by the disease; whence arose the greatest devotion to the Holy Shrine, and the anniversary was celebrated by the people of Gibraltar by a devotional procession and much solemnity. The town was founded in 1704 by the Spaniards after the loss of Gibraltar, chiefly from the ruins of the ancient city of Cartei'a.

The account of the building of San Roque, for many years a most important town, and other neighbouring towns is so interesting that it deserves a somewhat lengthened notice. The Spanish inhabitants of Gibraltar who, preferring the loss of their possessions and all they held dear, had left the fortress in a body when it fell into the hands of the English, proceeded to form for themselves new dwellings in different parts of the neighbouring Campo. They still considered themselves the representatives of the lost city, whose name and authorities they kept, as also were continued to them, by Royal command, all the privileges they enjoyed in their former city. Thus there may be said to have existed two cities of Gibraltar, one the actual, occupied by the English, and the other the moral, composed of Spaniards who had fled from that city with their archives and title deeds of their properties (Montero). No doubt there was as much lingering hope of again possessing the strong place they had wrested from the Moors in the minds of the Kings of Spain, when they contributed to keep up this contradiction, as it may be called; as a wish to soften the bitterness of their loss and to reward their loyalty to the Crown, when they conferred all their former privileges to their subjects, as if the city had never ceased ti be under their dominion, and that the exodus of the inhabitants to other parts had only been made for reasons of convenience.

Thus in all public acts the people of San Roque are still styled " the inhabitants "of Gibraltar, residing at San Roque."

It was to San Roque the greater part of the fugitives proceeded, and encamped near the famous Hermitage which recalled so greatly to their recollection the. benefits they had derived in the epidemic of 1649. Soon therefore a village, which afterwards became a town, was there established. Such was the foundation of the present San Roque, a place most convenient as being as near to the Rock as possible, to be well away from its guns; but the inhabitants still treasured the hope of recovering their own again; and this was the reason the town was not built at Rocadillo, a place in every way more suitable (Montero).

Summary: Interesting. This supports the reason they left was their loyalty to the Crown it makes no mention whatsoever of the violent events promoting such an exodus.

'A red book on Gibraltar' (Spain. Minister of Foreign Affairs)
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Quote: It is also well known that the inhabitants of the City of Gibraltar were driven out and their houses ransacked

Summary: Produced by the Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs at a time when Spain was ruled by the Fascist Dicator General Franco. The assertion the inhabitants were driven out is pure POV rather any objective assessment of the facts. The is precisely the sort of highly biased primary sources we should avoid.

'An introduction to the documents relating to the international status of Gibraltar, 1704-1934' (Wilbur Cortez Abbott)
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Summary: Mentions San Roque once on p.87 relevant to 1780.


 * 'Catálogo de la sección "Gibraltar" del Archivo Histórico Diocesano de Cádiz: 1518-1806' (Pablo Antón Solé)

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Summary: Unable to search inside using google books.


 * 'Community and identity: the making of modern Gibraltar since 1704' (Stephen Constantine)

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Summary: Mentioned briefly on page 15 but only to explain the population left.

'Das Leben und der Briefwechsel des Landgrafen Georg von Hessen-Darmstadt, des Eroberers und Vertheidigers von Gibraltar' (Heinrich Künzel)
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Summary: Couldn't find a mention of San Roque, false positive in a google search.

'Documents on Gibraltar: presented to the Spanish Cortes' (Spain. Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores)
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Summary: This is another propaganda piece by the Government of the Fascist Dictator General Franco. Its main purpose appears to be proving San Roque is the real Gibraltar.

'El estrecho de Gibraltar: su función en la geopolítica nacional' (José Diaz de Villegas y Bustamente)
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Summary: Can't find anything of relevance.

'English and Spanish in Gibraltar ' (Dr. Johannes Kramer)
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Quote: The bulk of those who left turned to the nearby town of San Roque, taking with them all official documents of Gibraltar. .... It must, however, be borne in mind that the Gibraltarians had fled from their town not because they objected to British rule per se; by their flight they instead disowned the claims of Charles III the Hapsburg pretender to the Spanish crown. Moreover, the fugitive also had non-political reasons for their behaviour: although the British authorities tried to prevent violence by the troops against civilians, it occurred rather frequently under cover of the confusion in the newly conquered territory.

Summary: Supports the loyalty to Philip V and the issue with the violence, together with the attempt to prevent violence.

'Espías en Gibraltar' (Enrique Arques)
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Summary: Spies in Gibraltar: (the diary of a war correspondent). This has nothing to do with the relationship between San Roque and Gibraltar.

'Gibraltar and its people' (Philip Dennis)
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Quote: the city's documents were taken to San Roque, where some descendants of the former population still live.

Summary: Relevance to the matter at hand?

'Gibraltar ante la historia de España: compendio de los principales sucesos acaecidos en dicha ciudad, desde su fundación hasta nuestros días' (Juan del Álamo)
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Summary: Gibraltar to Spain's history: compendium of key events in the city, from its founding until the present day. This is a huge piece of work a compendium of many works but I couldn't find anything of relevance to this discussion.

'Gibraltar ante la historia' (Francisco Maria Tubino)
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Summary: Gibraltar: Before History, Diplomacy and Politics - not able to search in google books.

'Gibraltar por la razón o la fuerza' (A. Gonzalo de Malvasía)
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Summary: Gibraltar by reason or force ... One match on p.15 simply mentions San Roque was built by the refugees.

'Gibraltar under Moor, Spaniard and Briton' (Edward Ranulph Kenyon)
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Quote: Of these the most numerous group took themselves to the Hermitage of San Roqiue.

Summary: Mentioned in several places, however, I couldn't find much discussion of the reasons why.

'Gibraltar y los españoles' (Gil Armangué Ríus)
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Quote: descendiente de una familia que fue forzado a dejar Gibraltar in 1704 (descendant of a family that was forced to leave Gibraltar in 1704)

Summary: Mentioned in numerous places, however, I wonder at its objectivity given the time of publication and some of its content quoted above.

'Gibraltar y su campo: una economía deprimida' (Juan Velarde Fuertes)
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Summary: Gibraltar and its countryside: a depressed economy (Note: Campo's literal translation in English is countryside) the subtitle is "Imperialism and landlordism". The book appears to be on the impact of Gibraltar on the economy of the surrounding areas of Spain. One page refers to 6000 people who abandoned Gibraltar settling around San Roque.

'Gibraltar, identity and empire' (Charles Carrington)
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Summary: Think someone got their references mixed up. The title and the author of the following reference appears to be have been switched. There are two references to San Roque, one is a British officer dining there in 1810, the other refers to a British advance as far as San Roque.

'Gibraltar' (Edward G. Archer)
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Quote: the Spanish population, with a few exceptions, left Gibraltar and moved to San Roque

Summary: Presume this is Gibraltar, identity and Empire? Can't find a book entitled simply Gibraltar by Archer - though he has written prolifically on Gibraltar. A brief oblique reference.

'Gibraltar, la Roca de Calpe' (Ramón Ledesma Miranda)
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Summary: Couple of references, p.139 refers to the removal of the documents of the former city of Gibraltar.

=== 'Gibraltar: apuntes para la historia de la pérdida de esta plaza, de los sitios que le pusieron los españoles y de las negociaciones entre España e Inglaterra referentes a su restitución, 1704-1796' (Julián Juderías) ===

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Summary: Gibraltar:notes for the story of the loss of this place, sites where the Spanish were put{?} and negotiations between Spain and England regarding its return, 1704-1796. Mentioned once on P.22 regarding the fortifications at San Roque.

'Gibraltar: British or Spanish?' (Peter Gold)
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Quote: of the 4,000 inhabitants, all but 70 fled across the isthmus into the hinterland of the Campo de Gibraltar, many settling temporarily (or so they thought) in San Roque

Summary: Adds very little other than they left.

'Gibraltar: historia de una usurpación' (Servicio Informativo Español)
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Summary:Gibraltar: the story of a usurpation. Other than presenting the Spanish claim that San Roque are the real Gibraltarians, I failed to find anything of much use.

'Historia de Gibraltar' (Ignacio López de Ayala)
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Quote: Sire,

The loyalty with which this city has served all the preceding kings, as well as your Majesty, has ever been notorious to them. In this last event, not less than on other occasions, it has endeavoured to exhibit its fidelity at the price of lives and property, which many of the inhabitants have lost in the combat; and with great honour and pleasure did they sacrifice themselves in defence of your Majesty, who may rest well assured that we who have survived (for our misfortune), had we experienced a similar fate, would have died with glory, and would not now suffer the great grief and distress of seeing your Majesty, our lord and master, dispossessed of so loyal a city.

Subjects, but courageous as such, we will submit to no other government than that of your Catholic Majesty, in whose defence and service we shall pass the remainder of our lives; departing from this fortress, where, on account of the superior force of the enemy who attacked it, and the fatal chance of our not having any garrison for its defence, except a few poor and raw peasants, amounting to less than 300, we have not been able to resist the assault, as your Majesty must have already learnt from the governor or others.

Our just grief allows us to notice no other fact for the information of your Majesty, but that all the inhabitants, and each singly, fulfilled their duties in their several stations; and our governor and alcalde have worked with the greatest zeal and activity, without allowing the horrors of the incessant cannonading to deter them from their duties, to which they attended personally, encouraging all with great devotion. May Divine Providence guard the royal person of your Majesty,

Gibraltar, August 5th (N. S.), 1704.

Summary: Linked to the English translation. Plenty of refernces but the point is this would have been raised as a source anyway.

'La España irredenta: Gibraltar' (Blas Piñar)
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Summary: Worth considering the review here: "ultranationalist position was well-articulated in Blas Pinar's lecture, La Espana irredenta (Madrid, 1965)". Even so there is not much to find here.

'La Parroquia de Gibraltar en San Roque (documentos 1462-1853)' (Rafael Caldelas López)
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Summary: The Parish of San Roque Gibraltar, funnily enough a book about the Parish of San Roque does mention San Roque.

'La población de Gibraltar: sus orígenes, naturaleza y sentido' (Gumersindo Rico)
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Summary: At this point it doesn't come as a surprise that I can find nothing of relevance here.

'Los republicanos españoles y Gibraltar' (Mariano Granados)
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Quote: en 1704, casi toda la poblacion espanola salio de cuidad v se establecio en los territorios vecinos, in 1704, almost the entire Spanish population of the city was established in neighboring areas

Summary: The Spanish Republicans and Gibraltar: the tragicomedy of Gibraltar. Not a lot added.

'Razones de España sobre Gibraltar' (Fernando María Castiella)
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Summary: 'Reasons of Spain over Gibraltar' Whilst I can find several references to the founding of San Roque, not much to go on.

'Rock of contention: a history of Gibraltar' (George Hills)
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'Southern Spain: with Gibraltar, Ceuta & Tangier' (Litellus Russell Muirhead)
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Summary: Another guide book, San Roque is only mentioned because it is in Southern Spain. It is of no relevance to the discussion at hand.

'The Dispute Over Gibraltar' (Melissa R. Jordine)
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Summary: Good well written text blames the exodus on the violence following the capture.

'The Rock of the Gibraltarians: a history of Gibraltar' (Sir William Godfrey Fothergill Jackson – 1987)
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'The siege of Gibraltar, 1779-1783' (Tom Henderson McGuffie)
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Quote: given the opportunity of staying in their homes, provided they would take an oath of allegiance to the Archduke Charles, most of them deserted the town. According to the Spanish authorities, the British attacks had been marked by pillage, the violation of women and the burning of churches. Many of the refugees stayed in San Roque,

Summary: Some of relevance on p.18

'The story of Gibraltar: first outpost of empire' (Henry William Howes)
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Summary: On p.46 it is briefly mentioned the population left for San Roque.