User:Wham2001/Helsingborg

Helsingborg is the central city of Helsingborg Municipality, Scania, Sweden. It had 108,334 inhabitants in 2017 and constitutes Sweden's ninth largest urban area, Scania's second largest urban area (after Malmö ) and is part of the Öresund region. Helsingborg is located on the narrowest part of the Öresund, where only 3,750 meters separates the city from Helsingör in Denmark. The geography of the city is dominated by the steep slope Landborgwhich runs along the Sound, slightly withdrawn from the coast. Between the beach terrace and the landborg terrace are a number of ravines formed during the recent ice age. In the center, the architecture is a densely built stone city, with monumental and metropolitan houses facing the parade streets Drottninggatan and Järnvägsgatan as well as Stortorget , Sankt Jörgen's place and Trädgårdsgatan. In the streets behind this building, the architecture is more small-scale and intimate.

Helsingborg's history dates back to the Viking Age. The important place where the Sound is at its narrowest has given the city a strategic position for a long time. In the Middle Ages, the city and its castle were one of the most powerful fortresses in the Nordic region and thus involved in much of the power play of the time. Over the centuries, Helsingborg has been the site of several political conflicts and struggles. The many wars between Sweden and Denmark went hard on the city and its development, but since the 18th century the city has lived in peace and in the 19th century Helsingborg managed to recover well. Helsingborg then became one of Sweden's fastest growing cities and an important port and industrial city.

The industry in Helsingborg is not dominated by any large private companies, but consists of several smaller ones. Ikea, as one of the city's largest private employers, had its Swedish headquarters in Helsingborg between 2005 [ 9 ] and 2015 [ 10 ]. Other important companies deal with trade and communications as well as food, chemistry and pharmaceutical technology. The good location of the city means that there are several haulage companies and distribution centers. The port of Helsingborg is, after Gothenburg harbor, Sweden's second largest container port and ferry traffic is extensive. Two shipping companies have ferry services across the Sound, one of which operates round the clock.

City Name
Helsingborg is mentioned in 1085 as in Helsingaburg (transcript of Latin original [ a ] ) and the name consists of a built-in drawing formed to the neck, which probably refers to the narrowest part of Öresund, and the burg , which refers to a fortification or the natural height in Helsingborg. [ 11 ] The name Hälsingborg was spelled during the years 1912-1970.

History
Main article: The history of Helsingborg Helsingborg is one of the oldest cities in the Nordic region. There has probably been a settlement in the form of a small fortification up at the country castle already in the late 900s to secure the crossing between Skåne and Zealand. The name of the city is believed to be derived from the word "helsing" which is a diversion to the neck and denotes the narrow passage in the Sound between Helsingborg and Helsingör. In the 1070s, the city is mentioned by Adam by Bremen and on May 21, 1085, Helsingborg (then written Helsingaburg) is mentioned in a gift letter from the Danish king Knut the Holy One and this date has recently been marked as the city's official birthday [ 7 ].

The earliest buildings up in the country castle were the three churches of St. Clemens, St. Petri and St. Olai. In the 1100s, the simple fortification was replaced by a larger castle in sandstone. This was dominated by a circular tower with just over four meters thick walls. As the city grew, people began to settle on the beach below the castle. In the 1300s, Helsingborg was one of Denmark's most important cities, mainly because the castle, which this century was rebuilt into the defense tower in bricks now known as Kärnan, was one of the strongest strongholds in the Nordic region. The church of Saint Mary below the castle also tells about the importance of the city as it was one of Denmark's largest city churches at this time.

Helsingborg designed in 1589 by the German priest Georg Braun in the work Civitates orbis terrarum. In 1332, the Swedish king Magnus Eriksson bought Helsingborg and the whole of Skåne except Bjäre and Blekinge by taking over a mortgage of 34,000 marks of silver. The Danish king Valdemar Atterdag largely recaptured the lost landscapes in 1360 by crossing Helsingborg Castle. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Helsingborg's significance diminished as Kronborg Castle (then named Krogen), which was a much more modern fortress, was built in Helsingör.

At the peace in Roskilde in 1658, Helsingborg became Swedish and the same year a Swedish garrison was housed in Helsingborg Castle. The Swedish-Danish wars during the 17th and 18th centuries ravaged the city hard and on several occasions the population escaped and the buildings were destroyed and burned. The greatest damage was done by the Scanian War (1675–1679) during which almost the entire city was destroyed and at the end of the war when the Danes occupied the city on two occasions. This caused Karl XI to tear down the city's fortifications and most of the castle at the end of the war. The only thing left was Kernan. [ 12 ]

In 1709, during the Great Nordic War, a large Danish army landed at Råå south of Helsingborg. The then Governor General in Skane, Magnus Stenbock, managed at the Battle of Helsingborg, February 28, 1710 defeating the Danish army. A rider statue of him was erected in Helsingborg in 1901 and moved to Stortorget in this city in 1959 [ 13 ]. At the beginning of the 18th century, Helsingborg was hard pressed. Several years of warfare, a harsh deflationary policy and reduced trade across the strait meant economic and population stagnation. In addition, mass graves after the battle had poisoned the water and plague broke out in 1711-1712. In 1770, Helsingborg had only 1,300 inhabitants.

It was not until the latter half of the 19th century that the city began to recover and a sharp expansion of the business community meant a multiplication of the population. Several new industries were founded and in 1857 the Öresund chair was abolished. In March 1892, Sweden's first steamboat connection between Helsingborg and Helsingör was opened [ 14 ]. From having had 4,000 inhabitants in the middle of the 19th century, the population passed during the 1920s to the 50,000 line and in 1920 Helsingborg was Sweden's fifth largest city. After 1930, Helsingborg's population development went at a more modest pace.

Helsingborg became an important export port, not least for cereals. Significant to the city were its consulates : local businessmen, municipal men and MPs. Two of the leaders were Petter Olsson and Nils Persson, both of whom have two town squares named after them: Consul Olsson's place [ 15 ] and Konsul Persson's place. [ 16 ] Another important entrepreneur was Henry Dunker, the manager of Helsingborgs Gummifabrik AB (later Tretorn AB ), which was once Sweden's richest man. [ 17 ]

In connection with the Helsingborg Exhibition in 1903, Helsingborg City's tramways were inaugurated , which survived to the right turnaround in 1967 when the entire line network was closed down. The city's name was spelled during the period 1912–1971 Hälsingborg, but in connection with the municipal reform in 1971, the name was changed back to Helsingborg after pressure from the city's export industries.

Historical dates
Magnus Capricorn succeeded in the battle of Helsingborg, February 28, 1710 defeating the Danish army during the Great Northern War. 1085 (May 21) - The city of Helsingborg / Helsingaburg is mentioned in a gift letter from Knut the Holy One. 1270 - The Dominican Monastery dedicated to St. Nicholas was founded. 1310 (July 17) - Peace in Helsingborg is concluded between Sweden, Norway and Denmark. Birger Magnusson recovers the Swedish krona. 1410 - Church of St. Mary built. 1657 - Dietrich Buxtehude becomes organist in St. Mary's Church. 1658 (February 26) - Peace in Roskilde where Helsingborg becomes Swedish. 1658 (October 29) - The sea battle in the Sound. 1676 - A Danish army lands at Råå during the Scanian war. 1707 (June 17) - Frameless well is founded. 1710 (February 28) - Magnus Stenbock defeats a Danish invasion army outside Helsingborg. 1810 (October 20) - Jean Baptiste Bernadotte, later Karl XIV Johan , takes his first steps on Swedish soil in Helsingborg. 1847 - Oscar Patrick Sturzen-Becker founded the newspaper Öresundsposten, which becomes a body for Scandinavianism. 1863 - The City of Helsingborg City is established 1865 (July 31) - Helsingborg-Billeberga-Landskrona railway inaugurated. 1891 - Helsingborgs Gummifabrik AB is founded. 1892 (March 10) - The train ferry connection between Helsingborg and Helsingör is inaugurated. 1903 - Industrial exhibition in Helsingborg. The terrace stairs are inaugurated. Tram traffic begins. 1907 - Helsingborgs IF is founded, through a merger of Stattena IF and IF Svithiod 1912 - Helsingborg is spelled Hälsingborg after the spelling reform in 1906. 1921 - Helsingborg's theater becomes Sweden's first city theater. 1932 - Helsingborg Concert Hall opens. 1944 - Ingmar Bergman becomes theater manager for Helsingborg's city theater. 1945 February 8 - Allied plan is shot down in Helsingborg. Eight dead. March 1 - German minesweeper edges and drops off Viking beach with over forty dead. May 5 - Peace Day. The Germans capitulate in, for example, Denmark. 1955 (June 10) - The H55 exhibition opens. 1967 (September 3) - The right-of-way restructuring means that tram traffic is abolished. 1971 - The City of Hälsingborg City dissolves when Helsingborg Municipality is formed. Helsingborg is spelled again as Helsingborg. 1973 (September 15) - Gustaf VI Adolf dies at Helsingborg's laser court. 1976 - The old theater is demolished and replaced by a new one. 1991 (June 9) - The intersection, Helsingborg's new travel center, opens. 1999 (June 10) - The Helsingborg exhibition H99 opens. 2000 - Train ferry traffic between Helsingborg and Helsingör ceases due to the opening of the Öresund Bridge. Car and passenger ferry traffic continues as before. 2002 (April 27) - Dunkers Culture House opens at Sundstorget.

Geography
Helsingborg is located on the northwestern coast of Skåne, at the narrowest part of Öresund, and is the central city in the city of Helsingborg, which is bounded by Höganäs, Ängelholms , Åstorps , Bjuvs , Svalövs and Landskronas municipalities. The distance to Helsingör and Denmark is 4 km [ 18 ]. According to Statistics Sweden, the urban development extended over an area of ​​3,957 hectares in 2015, giving a population density of 26.35 inhabitants per hectare. Three towns, Hittarp, Ödåkra and Bårslöv , and the small towns of Väla village ,Östra Ramlösa and Görarp are about a kilometer away from the city's boundary. A little further out (2-3 km) you will find the Rydebäck, Gantofta , Påarp and Allerum towns.

The largest watercourse in the city is Råån, which flows through the old fishing community Råå in southern Helsingborg. [ 19 ] In addition to Råån, there are several smaller streams that look down towards the sea. In the southern parts of the city, Lussebäcken flows through Ramlösadalen and down to Råån and through Jordbodalen, Gåsebäcken flows, and then leads in culverts down to the sea, while in the north you find Pålsjöbäcken flowing down through Pålsjö forest.

Bedrock
Helsingborg's bedrock consists of a combination of sandstone and clay slate. The topography of Helsingborg is dominated by a dramatic abrasion steeple, called the rural castle, which stretches between 20 and 35 meters above sea level along the coast from Pålsjö through the city center and then at about Ramlösa turn off and pull inland. This is part of a long fault zone that extends diagonally through Skåne, Kattegatt and the Baltic down to Bornholm, called the Tornquist zone. [ 20 ] Through this the valleys and ravines that cut into the slope have been broken in several places during the Ice Age, the most dramatic being Pålsjödalen and Hälsodalen.

The bedrock in Helsingborg consists of down to 50–150 meters of rocks that were formed during the Straitsli era during the transition between Jura and Krita 200 million years ago. This bedrock consists of a unique combination of sandstone and clay slate for Swedenwith elements of thin carbon fluxes, which only exist in Skåne. This was created by what is now Scandinavia low where North Africa now lies and had long been a desert. But when the Eurasian and American continental plates separated, a sea formed between them and the environment eventually changed to become a swampy delta area with a warm and humid climate. The current Denmark was completely flooded with water and Skåne was in a coastal zone, where the north-western parts alternated below water, creating a shift between sand and clay, which was then compressed into sandstone and clay shale. The coal features that were found were formed by fern and freckle forests that covered the land surface and then decayed and formed coal. The upper soil layers consist to the west of the land bail for the most part sand and gravel whileclay moraine dominates over the warehouses of the country castle. [ 20 ]

Climate
Helsingborg, like most of Sweden, has a temperate climate, which for Helsingborg is also affected by the coastal climate. [ 21 ] However, it can blow quite a lot in Helsingborg, which means that the cooling effect helps to make cold temperatures feel biser. The annual average temperature is 8.2 ° C and the monthly average temperatures in January and July are -0.1 ° C and 16.8 ° C respectively. The average annual rainfall is 568 mm. [ 22 ]

Climate table [ 23 ] January	February	March	April	May	June	Christmas	August	September	October	November	December Highest average temp.	2	4	6	12	16	19	21	22	18	12	6	3 Lowest average temp.	-1	-1	0	3	7	11	13	13	10	6	3	0 Rainfall	40.1	43.0	36.8	31.6	57.3	80.0	73.0	74.1	50.4	70.0	48.5	51.9 Chart	temperatures in ° C • monthly rainfall in mm

Cityscape
Main article: Architecture in Helsingborg

Central parts of Helsingborg 1909. The citizenship has a major impact on Helsingborg's cityscape. [ 24 ] Its long range means that the center of Helsingborg is penetrated by the narrow strip of land that exists between the Sound and the edge of the country. The only natural connections between the lower parts of the city and those up on the plateau are in a number of ravines that project into the country castle at a number of places from north to south at Halalid, Tågabacken, Hälsobacken, Långvinkelsgatan, Bergaliden and Gåsebäcksdalen. Carl von Linné noted on his Scanian voyage in 1749 the condition of the city as follows:

"	The eastern land side enclosed the city like a rather high, steep wall, on which the city below was quite politely viewed.	" - Carl von Linné [ 25 ]

Helsingborg's central parts 2006.
The rural castle thus separates the city and prevents the central parts from growing inland. As a result, large parts of the center of Helsingborg are located on fill land in the Sound. On the other hand, the bourgeoisie also creates good opportunities for contact with the water and sea views far inland as the plateau rises above the central settlement so that the strait becomes visible to more people in the city. As Helsingborg is crowded and outstretched towards the Sound, the city also has a unique contact with the water and shows a powerful and coherent facade facing the sea. [ 26 ]

Although Helsingborg is of a high age, there are not many residential buildings in the city that tell us about it. [ 27 ] The many wars of the last millennium have caused much of the older architecture to have been destroyed by all the disintegration of the city in connection with the wars, both from the Danish and Swedish sides. Particularly devastating was the Scanian war when first the Danish king Kristian V demolished large parts of the city to strengthen its fortifications and then Karl XI demolished most of Helsingborg's castle to just leave the Kärnan. Some of the only traces of profane settlement from the 17th and 18th centuries are Jacob Hansen's house, [ 28 ] Gamlegård [ 29 ] andHenckelska farm. [ 30 ]

The largest part of the development in the central parts of the city is from the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century when Helsingborg experienced its great upswing. Several dominant historic buildings come from this era, for example, along the newly built parades Drottninggatan and Järnvägsgatan, still some of the city's main roads, and Stortorget. Among these buildings visitors see Hotel Mollberg, the Continental Palace and City Hall. The Jugendstil is richly represented, especially in the area west of Olympia where a whole villa area is dominated by the Art Nouveau's rounded shapes and decorative elements. [ 31 ]During modernism, grand funky buildings were built, among which Helsingborg's concert hall, designed by Sven Markelius , stands out as Sweden's first monumental funk building. [ 32 ] In the streets behind many grand facades, for example along Bruksgatan and around St. Maria's Church, there are still several buildings of modest and small-scale nature. Helsingborg is a distinctive stone town with only a few examples of buildings in lumber or wood in the central parts. As a wooden building of significance can be mentioned the former steam ferry station, designed by Folke Zettervall , which is located next to the Harbor Square. Another rare example of older dates isTornérhjelmska house from 1804 on Fågelsångsgatan. Typical of the center of Helsingborg is also its densely built and highly-developed character, which gives the city an urbanity and a continental feel. [ 26 ]

Ever since the 19th century, Helsingborg has been a segregated city between the rich northern parts and the southern working quarters, where the traditional border has gone along Trädgårdsgatan. [ 27 ] To some extent, these differences still exist as Söder has become one of Helsingborg's most immigrant-dense areas. The parts just outside the center consist mostly of buildings from the early 1900s, among others on Tågaborg where there are varied urban buildings and high-rise residential areas. Many areas have also become denser with time with modernist buildings such as Eneborg, Slottshöjden and Stattena.

Significant buildings
See also: List of buildings in Helsingborg Dunkers Culture House the community House Fredriksdal Manor Gamlegård Gustav Adolf's church Henckelska farm Hotel Mollberg The sports house Jacob Hansen's house Knutpunkten concert Hall Consul Persson's villa crematorium The core hospital Nicolai School Olympia School Frameless spa hotel Raus Church Town Hall Saint Mary's Church Saint Mary's Hospital Simhallsbadet Sofiero Castle city ​​Library city ​​Theater terrace stairs Tretorn factory Vikingsberg Ångfärjestationen Squares and places

The main square as seen from the Terrace Stairs. The most dominant square in Helsingborg is Stortorget, which extends from the Terrace Stairs and Consul Trapp's location to the east and slopes down easily towards the junction between Drottninggatan and Järnvägsgatan in the west. The square has its distinctive elongated character because it was created during the Danish occupation of the city in the 1670s when the Danish army drew a wide supply line between Helsingborg Castle and the harbor, right through existing buildings. [ 33 ] In 1692, the governor of Skåne, Rutger von Ascheberg, decided to build the city's new square at this location. [ 34 ]

In the Stortorget extension to the harbor lies the Hamntorget, which was added in the 1890s with the construction of the North Harbor. At the square is the old customs house, which has long been a terminal for passenger ferries across the strait, and the steam ferry station. The far east, just at pirkanten, sits Milles statue Maritime Liberty on a high pedestal [ 35 ] and at the side of this is a monument Karl XIV Johan in Helsingborg. From Hamntorget and away to Knutpunkten is Kungstorgetwhich, after being mostly parking and railway area during the time when railway tracks went straight through the city, has now been transformed into a place with outdoor seating and stage for various events. [ 36 ]

Sundstorget was built in 1865 on fill land in Öresund. [ 37 ] Around the square were built several monumental buildings mostly from around 1900. [ 38 ] Due to the construction of a covered market in the square's western section was moved most of the market trade from the Great Square of Sundstorget. During the latter part of the 20th century, however, the market hall was demolished and the square instead became a parking square as close as possible to a small area where Sundstorget's grill was located. In 2004 the square was rebuilt and the parking lot was placed in an underground parking garage on two floors and a glass hall was built, this time on the south side of the square. [ 39 ]Along the square's northern facade are several restaurants and in the west the square is enclosed by Dunkers cultural center.

Several places in Helsingborg have been named by people of great importance to the city. Some examples are Henry Dunker's place between the concert hall and the city ​​theater, which got its name at the H99 exhibition to honor Henry Dunker's contribution to the city's cultural life through the Dunkerish foundations. [ 40 ] Consul Olsson's location is centrally located, embedded at the center of Kullagatan near Consul Petter Olsson's warehouse. [ 41 ] At the Terrace Stairs, Consul Oscar Trapp was honored with his ownplace as a thank you for his impetus for the restoration of the Kärnan, the construction of the Terrace Stairs and the preservation of several older buildings. At the site where the old, now demolished, theater was at Bruksgatan, the director Ingmar Bergman was honored with a place in 2008; Bergman was head of theater at Helsingborg City Theater 1944–1946. [ 42 ] In Söder, Consul Persson's site is located on the site where Nils Persson's sulfuric acid factory was previously located. To the north of this is Mäster Palm's place, after the socialist agitator August Palm , which is surrounded by several Late Modernist buildings such as Söderpunkten and the unions' houses. [43 ] In the south is also Gustav Adolf's square, which was built in 1878 as New Square in accordance with a city plan from 1874. [ 44 ] The square got its present name from Gustav Adolf's church, which was erected in 1897 in the northern part of the square. [ 45 ] In the square, square trading is conducted most days of the week. [ 46 ]

Parks and green areas
The city park, also called the Krookska plantation, was opened to the public in 1877. Several of Helsingborg's parks are situated as a wreath around the city's central parts, where the very first parks were created in the late 1800s. The densification of the city and the many new industries made the need for green areas for relaxation and recreation increasingly apparent. Many of the city's parks have previously been gardens donated to the city by its well-informed owners.

The first real park that was built was the Krookska plantation located between Helsingborg's then inner city and the new district of Söder. The site was formerly the Boll bridge accident, which was part of the city's field land. There were plans to build the land to link the neighborhoods, but instead the siblings bought Krook and donated it to the city to be used for planting. The park was built in 1873-1874 and opened to the public in 1877 [ 47 ].

Another early park in Helsingborg is the Öresund Park, which is located in a ravine in the rural castle called Hälsobacken, but also with a part up in the rural castle. The park was built in 1876–1877 after the operations in the water mills that formed Helsingborg's earliest industrial area moved to the new industrial area on Söder. The park's slopes are richly overgrown with rhododendron bushes and shady trees. Here is also the Sofia source, which was found in 1889 and which is Sweden's only natural salt water source. [ 48 ] The area around Kärnan has housed very sparse buildings ever since Karl XI ordered that the entire castle, except the Kärnan, be demolished. In connection with the Helsingborg exhibition 1903 around Kärnan, a park was calledSlottshagen and a playground have been in the park since 1906 [ 49 ].

Pålsjö forest is located in the northern parts of Helsingborg. Some of Helsingborg's most famous parks have been created through donations from some of the city's prominent residents. To the east of the Olympia sports area lies Fredriksdal's open-air museum, which in 1918 was donated to the city of Helsingborg by Consul Trapp's widow, Gisela Trapp. The park houses Fredriksdal's mansion, botanical garden, orchard and Fredriksdal theater. After Gustaf VI Adolf's death, the city of Helsingborg received Sofiero castle with the associated garden as a gift. The park has become famous for its many different species of rhododendrons [ 50 ] and various events, such as the orchid competition Sofiero Trophy and the vintage car show Sofiero Classic. [ 51 ]Another donation is Vikingsberg and the associated park, located on the country castle, which Ida and Otto Banck handed over to the city in 1912. The villa itself at Vikingsberg long housed the city's art collection and is now a private art gallery [ 52 ]. The park consists of both bush-framed gardens, water lily ponds and open green spaces.

Another of the more renowned parks is Ramlösa well park in the southern part of Helsingborg. Here was the old Ramlösa source that was in use from 1707. [ 53 ] In the 1700s and 1800s, wells are often drunk in the park and several well-known people have praised the water, for example Carl von Linné and Carl Hårleman. The area is a lush park around the valley where the old ferrous water source is located. In the park there are also several buildings, mostly in yellow-painted wood with white sawmill details, preserved above the valley since the time of the health well. Two other scenic areas border the city to the north and south. To the north lies Pålsjö forest [ 54 ]located around a ravine in the country castle and a popular outdoor area. At the forest lies Pålsjö castle with associated castle park. To the south lies the valley of Råån, with slopes down to the river with natural forests and pastures, so protective that the area is now a nature reserve. At the edge of Råån lies Raus church, which is Helsingborg's oldest church dating back to the 12th century [ 55 ].

With the creation of the Landborg promenade, several of the city's parks have been tied together, from Pålsjö forest to Råådalen through a hiking trail on the edge of the landborg. [ 56 ]

Beaches
Sunset at the Örestrandsbadet, also called Fria Bad. Helsingborg houses a number of beaches within walking distance of the city center. One of these is Tropical Beach on the Parapets, constructed in conjunction with the H99 exhibition, with sprawling palms, pens and loungers [ 57 ]. Further north, along the Strandpromenaden, lies the Railway Man's Bath and the Gröningen. [ 58 ] Here there is a large green area to sunbathe on, as well as a large wooden deck with associated bridges. Further north along the promenade lies one of Helsingborg's most popular beaches Örestrandsbadet, or the Free Baths as it is popularly known. [ 59 ] The city's northernmost beaches areViking beach, well adapted for the disabled, [ 60 ] and Tinkarpsbadet, which is one of the quieter beaches in Helsingborg. [ 61 ]

South of Helsingborg, the Sound is very shallow. Here are the beaches Råå vallar [ 62 ] and Örby meadows. [ 63 ] To the north of these, near the harbor area, lies Helsingborg's only naturist beach : Knähakenbadet. [ 64 ] There are also three cold-bath houses in the city. Two of them in the north, Pålsjöbaden (just south of Vikingstrand) and Norra cold bath house (or Kallis as it is popularly called), between Gröningen and Fria Bad. To the south is Råå cold bath house at Rååbadet next to the marina.

Neighborhoods
Overview map of Helsingborg's districts. As Helsingborg began to grow during the second half of the 19th century, areas began to emerge outside the old city center, which has remained somewhat unchanged since the later Middle Ages. Initially, the different areas that are suburbs were named, for example the eastern suburb (the settlement along Långvinkelsgatan) and the southern suburb (the settlement along the Södergatan). These terms were gradually simplified: The southern suburb became South and the settlement north of the Hälsovägen was called North. Some neighborhoods have names that go further back in time through older town names or buildings incorporated in Helsingborg. Among the originally independent towns that have grown up with the city are Råå, Stattena , Rau's planting andFrameless. Other districts (such as Ringstorp, Ättekulla , Högasten and Drottninghög ) take their names from ancient sites. Since the area around Helsingborg was mostly agricultural land, several districts grew up on land that belonged to land or farms and therefore often got their names from there. The areas that have been named after landeries are Eneborg, Fredriksdal , Närlunda , Sofieberg and Tågaborg while those that have been named from farms are Adolfsberg , Berga , Dalhem , Elineberg, Gustavslund and Miatorp.

The boundaries of Helsingborg's different districts have not been officially established. [ 65 ] Instead, the municipality of Helsingborg has divided the city into 32 so-called statistical areas, which, however, often correspond to old districts or residential areas, from which they also got their names. In total, the statistical areas had a population of 99,856 inhabitants on January 1, 2014. [ 66 ]

1. North (3,699) 2. Mariastaden (4,361) 3. Ringstorp (3,498) 4. Berga (1,805) 5. Queen High (3,082) 6. Dalhem (5,242) 7. Train station [a] (7,451) 8. Stattena (2,661) 9. Fredriksdal (4,721) 10. Castle height (3 753) 11. Olympia (1824) 12. Center (3,430) 13. Eneborg (3,956) 14. Wilson Park (2,115) 15. Rosengården (4,488) 16. Husensjö (1,623) 17. Sofieberg (1,712) 18. Adolfsberg (4,442) 19. South (4,196) 20. High city (4,115) 21. Field Trays (991) 22. Nearby (1,256) 23. Pestle memory (1,865) 24. Gustavslund (3,073) 25. Planting (2,842) 26. Elineberg (2 333) 27. Frameless (4,508) 28. Miatorp (2,672) 29. The Highest (997) 30. Hedgehog (3,940) 31. Råå (3,205) Notes ^  Tågaborg is divided by the City of Helsingborg into two statistical areas: Tågaborg N (7a) with a population of 3,353 and Tågaborg S (7b) with a population of 4,098 as of January 1, 2014. [ 66 ]

Demographics
Population development Until the middle of the 19th century, Helsingborg could be described as a small town and before that had a population of only around 1,000 inhabitants. With the breakthrough of industrialism in the city, the population began to increase in the second half of the 19th century, and much of the 20th century, explosively. Between 1850 and 1900, the population doubled by an increase from 4,140 to 24,670 inhabitants. This was at the time the largest percentage increase in population in Sweden and Helsingborg was then Sweden's fifth largest city. During the late 1900s decline in industry, the increase in the population curve was slowed down, but still maintains a slight increase in population growth in the city. The demand for new housing is high and, in particular, the gender of freelance sites has increased significantly [ 67 ].

There is no such concept as Greater Helsingborg, but in its book Fourth City: Placemarketing Helsingborg, Ola Tufvesson, associate professor of cultural geography at Campus Helsingborg , studied the city's starting point in terms of population. The city is located in a very populous area and instead of comparing the population between municipalities, which can vary in area, Tufvesson presents the thesis to see how many people live within three miles radius from the city's town hall. In Helsingborg's sphere, there would then be approximately 300,000 people, which means that Tufvesson believes that Helsingborg can call itself Sweden's fourth largest city. [ 68 ]

Religious communities
There are no actual statistics on religious affiliation in Helsingborg, but it is clear that most of the city's population belongs to the Swedish Church and in a formal sense is referred to as Evangelical Lutheran. The Swedish Church has four congregations in the city: Helsingborgs Maria, Helsingborgs Gustav Adolf , Filborna and Raus and has, among other things, the churches of Saint Mary's Church , Gustav Adolf's church , Raus's church and St. Olof's church [ 73 ]. The Swedish Church also includes the EFS Church run by the Evangelical Motherland Foundationon Råå. [ 74 ] In addition, there are several different Christian communities in the city, including a Catholic congregation with a parish church in St. Clement, a Serbian Orthodox congregation located in St. Basil's church, and a large number of free church congregations such as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , Pentecostal Church and Equmenia Church.

In addition to the Christian communities, there is a Muslim congregation in Helsingborg, including a mosque located at the intersection of Rusthållsgatan-Brunnbäcksgatan in the district of Miatorp [ 75 ] and a Jewish congregation, whose synagogue is located in the von Platenska house at Springpostgränden in central Helsingborg. [ 76 ]

Social structure
The central districts north and south of the old town center have traditionally belonged to different strata of society. The districts of Söder, Rau's planting and Högaborg were dominated by several industries for a long time, which meant that the population was largely made up of workers who lived near their workplaces. In the northern districts of North and Tågaborg, however, mostly wealthy people settled as well as members of the upper middle class. These structures largely live in Helsingborg. In the southern parts, unemployment is high and the level of education is low, while the most highly educated high-income earners live in the north. [ 77 ] Helsingborg's million program areasDalhem, Drottninghög and Fredriksdal also show a lower level of education and higher unemployment, while the southernmost parts of Ramlösa and Råå show a higher proportion of high-income earners with post-secondary education. [ 78 ] [ 79 ] Generally speaking, the level of education and average income is lower in the city's densely populated central parts south of the city center and the multi-dwelling-dominated northern parts further inland while higher in the residential areas inland as well as in the neighborhoods which are near the coast.

Culture and Entertainment
Helsingborg has a rich selection of both cultural and entertainment establishments. The municipality often makes contributions to various cultural initiatives, which strengthens the city's cultural life. According to figures from the State Culture Council, the City of Helsingborg was the municipality in the country that invested the most money on culture per inhabitant in 2007; [ 80 ] a location the municipality retained in 2008 and 2009. [ 81 ]

Museums
City block with cultural history buildings at Fredriksdal open-air museum. The historically interested consul Oscar Trapp suggested in the early 1900s that a museum should be set up in Helsingborg and in 1909 opened the new city museum, housed in the old school building on Södra Storgatan, with collections that started to be collected as early as the 1890s. The original collection consisted of both natural, archeological, ethnographic and cultural-historical objects as well as works of art. When Otto Banck donated Vikingsberg to the city of Helsingborg in 1912, the art collections could be housed there, which was moved there in 1929 [ 82 ]. In 1918, Oscar Trapp's widow, Gisela Trapp, donated Fredriksdal and associated land to the museum, with the object that it would be used as an open-air museum and the land would also fund the museum's activities.[ 83 ] In time, the City Museum's premises on Södra Storgatan became too small, but it was not until 2002 that this problem was solved when both the cultural andurban historycollections on Södra Storgatan and the art collection at Vikingsberg were moved to the newly builtDunkers Kulturhus.

Dunkers cultural house south facade, seen from Helsingörskajen. Fredriksdal's open-air museum has over time expanded with historic farms from different places in Skåne and culturally interesting buildings from Helsingborg's older urban development. The museum also has an orchard, botanical garden and open air theater. [ 84 ] In one of the houses from old Helsingborg is the Grafiska Museum, which is the largest print museum in the Nordic region, and shows the history of printing art from Johannes Gutenberg up to our time. [ 85 ] In connection with Fredriksdal lies Kulturmagasinet, where large parts of the very extensive collections from Helsingborg's museums are stored. Kulturmagasinet is also responsible for the core maintenance, as owner, as well as cultural environmental conservation and preservation. [ 86 ]

Two more museums are located at Bergaliden, east of Kärnan. One is the School Museum, which was inaugurated in 1985 [ 87 ] , located in the old Eastern school next to the Castle Swing School. The school museum shows restored school environments and objects that have been used at various primary schools in the municipality of Helsingborg over the years. The other is the Museum of Medicine History, housed in the former children's hospital, which in turn shows environments and objects from the care. [ 88 ] In the newly renovated former IOGT house, on Carl Krook's street in Söder, lies the Helsingborg Sports Museumwhich exhibits objects from the city's sports history and arranges various events, lectures and appoints athletes of the year in Helsingborg. [ 89 ]

Outside the city is the privately owned Beredskapsmuseet, Sweden's only museum in an underground defense installation from World War II: Battery Helsingborg. The Contingency Museum is well-known primarily through the dispute over the image A Swedish tiger. [ 90 ]

Music and Theater
Helsingborg's concert hall was inaugurated in November 1932.

Helsingborg City Theater was founded in 1921 and in 1976 the new City Theater opened at Henry Dunker's place. During the first half of the 19th century, concerts were unusual features in Helsingborg. A few ensembles appeared occasionally at one of the city's health wells, either the Sofia Source or Ramlösa, and the Husar Regiment's music choir gave occasional outdoor concerts. In 1896, Helsingborg's music society was formed to lift the taste of the music of the city's inhabitants and the company began regularly to perform a number of concerts. In 1911, the Riksdag decided to support the establishment of orchestras in the provincial cities of Sweden, and when the City of Helsingborg also made a grant, on July 14, 1911, the Northwest Skåne Orchestra Association (later Helsingborg Symphony Orchestra ) was formed. In the first years the interest was great and in 1932 stood Helsingborg's concert hallfinished, designed by Sven Markelius. [ 91 ]

In the concert hall it is possible to regularly listen to the Helsingborg Symphony Orchestra as well as several other visiting artists. [ 92 ] Dunkers Kulturhus can also offer concerts, for example, when the Music School's students appear. In the churches of the city there are often concerts then more in the central churches Mariakyrkan and Gustav Adolf's church. Also in the Jazz Club's premises in a basement on Kullagatan in the center, concerts and other clubs that offer music include the Telegraph, Charles Dickens and The Tivoli. Helsingborg also has several music associations, including Helsingborg Chamber Choir, Helsingborg Chamber Music Society, Friends of Visan , Pearls of the Sound,The quartet singing company in Helsingborg , The Principal, Tangorma and Helsingborg's vocal ensemble.

Helsingborg has a city ​​theater which was the first permanent city theater ensemble in Sweden when it was founded in 1921. [ 93 ]However, there has been a theater in the city since 1813 when the then owner of Ramlösa Well, Achates von Platen, was granted permission by the city to erect a "temporary wooden theater" on Prästgatan. In 1859 the theater was bought out of the city and soon voices were raised for a new and more contemporary theater house, which was not inaugurated until 1877. The new theater made traveling theater companies visit the city more and more frequently and in the early 1900s wanted a permanent theater ensemble. , which was started in 1921. When the old theater was built for traveling theater companies and not a permanent ensemble, the premises gradually became less functional and in addition the demands on the performances of the audience increased. In 1976, therefore, the new city theater opened next to the concert hall at Henry Dunker's placeand contains both a larger scene (called Storan, with 580 seats) and a smaller scene (called Lillan, with up to 150 seats) [ 94 ]. The old theater was demolished that year, [ 95 ] to great protests. A popular and well-known summer pleasure is the Fredriksdal Theater which was built in 1927 and had its first set on July 27, 1932. The Fredriksdal Theater got its big spread in the kingdom as Nils Poppe joined the theater and the annual TV broadcasts from there on the thirteenth day. You can also watch the outdoor theater in Slottshagen, as there are regularly various revues in the park during the summer. [ 96 ]

Restaurants and nightclubs
Helsingborg is one of Sweden's densest cities with 394 inhabitants per restaurant in 2007, fully comparable with the major cities Malmö and Gothenburg with 379 and 374 inhabitants per restaurant respectively. [ 97 ] [ 98 ] The city ​​has several prominent restaurants. The 2008 edition of White Guide mentions the restaurants Gastro, Sofiero Castle Restaurant, Ristorante Bonasera, Dahlberg and Café le fil du Rasoir. Of these, Gastro has received a White card in Swedish master class and Sofiero Castle restaurant was rated as "very good class". [ 99 ]In the 2014 edition of White Guide, restaurants were also mentioned Papi Bistro & Njutbar, Inom Mat & Bar, Sillen & Makrillen, Chateau Foret, Fridas, Eki Sushi and Pålsjö Matbar. [ 100 ] In Helsingborg there are several restaurants that are both popular and popular. Mollberg's dining rooms are among the most enriched, which have probably existed as a food facility linked to Hotel Mollbergthroughout the history of the hotel, and La Petite on Bruksgatan. Since Helsingborg has a special relationship with Öresund, there are several restaurants that are connected to the water. Several of them are located at the Northern Harbor and the Quay Promenade and further along the Strandpromenaden are several summer restaurants. The ferries to Helsingör usually have a restaurant where by "touring", that is to take the ferry across the strait without jumping off in Helsingör, you can have a dining experience out on the Öresund [ 101 ].

Fahlman's confectionery was founded in 1914 by Georg Fahlman. In Helsingborg there are also many patisseries and cafes. Some of these are Fahlman's pastry shop, which is one of the city's most rich pastry shops, Pastry shop Signe Bergkvist (also known as Kafferepet), which is Helsingborg's oldest pastry shop with a business stretching back to 1892, Ebbas got 50's decor and music and Koppi, whose two owners are both previous winners of the barista- SM [ 102 ].

For those who want to party there are several pubs and nightclubs for dancing and socializing. [ 103 ] Most are in the center, but Söder also has some nightlife to offer, including Wallman's lounges. Some of the well-visited nightclubs are The Tivoli, Le Cardinal and Cantina [ 104 ]. There is also a large selection of pubs and bars. For example, the British-inspired pubs Charles Dickens and the Telegraph, the rock bar PL13 and bars of more common character such as Utposten and Harrys. There are also pub chains like Bishop's Arms and O'Learys.

Shopping
Väla shopping center was inaugurated on March 13, 1974 [ 105 ] and is located on the outskirts of Ödåkra. Through the conversion of Kullagatan to Kulla pedestrian street in 1961, Helsingborg became one of Sweden's first pedestrian streets. [ 106 ] The idea came from the street Lijnbaan in Rotterdam, but differs from it in that it goes through older buildings instead of a newly built urban environment. At first, traders were hesitant about the idea, but when it quickly turned out to be a success, most people were convinced. The shopping street continues south in the form of Mariagatan and Bruksgatan pedestrian streets. Even along the North and South Main streets, which run in the east parallel to Kullagatan and Bruksgatan respectively, there are several shops of varying kinds, although these are not pedestrian streets.

As a continuation of the trade route after Stadsparken, Södergatan runs out to Söder. Södergatan is also not a pedestrian street, but the city of Helsingborg has widened the pavements of the street to make the street more attractive to the stores' customers. At Mäster Palms location along Södergatan is the mall Söderpunkten, [ 107 ] which was previously an EPA department store. The mall contains several shops as well as some eateries.

Just outside Helsingborg is Väla shopping center, one of Sweden's largest shopping centers with about 180 stores where several of the larger chains are represented. [ 108 ] In the autumn of 2011, new stores opened in the large renovation and extension that had been going on for a couple of years; the entire redevelopment was completed in March 2012. [ 109 ] A few kilometers outside Helsingborg is Familia, which is the second largest shopping center in the Helsingborg region with over 40 stores. [ 110 ] Due to Helsingborg's proximity to Denmark, a large number of Swedes are attracted across the Sound to buy alcohol because of the lower prices. [ 111 ]

Recurring cultural events
Love & Light (February) - light festival with a love theme for a week around Valentine's Day. Followers of previous Midwinter lights. Easter party at Fredriksdal (March / April) - various events for children during Easter. Sofiero Classic (May) - Exhibition at Sofiero with vintage vehicles. Sofiero Trophy (June) - orchid competition with associated exhibition and sale of orchids. Roses on Fredriksdal (July) - tips and advice on roses are given with guided rose walks on different themes. Antique Fair (July) - An antique fair held at the Sports House. Fun-in-July (July) - outdoor review played since 1968 in Slottshagen. Hx (August) - summer event that lasts for three days all over the city with music, culture and sports. Followers of the previous Helsingborg Festival. The big garden party (August) - garden show at Sofiero. Helsingborg Boat Fair (August) - Exhibition focused on small boats and which concludes with crayfish. Christmas signage (December) - The city's shops showcase their shop windows for Christmas. Christmas atmosphere at Sofiero (December) - sale of Christmas decorations and food and inspiration for winter gardens before Christmas.

Shipping
Main articles: Helsingborg harbor and the HH trail

The shipping companies that operate the HH trail are represented in this picture. From left: Scandlines, Sundsbussarna and HH-Ferries (which since September 1, 2009 is part of Scandlines). Since November 2018, Scandlines and HH-Ferries go under the common name ForSea. With its location, Helsingborg has a long history as a shipping city. The place where Öresund is at its narrowest has long been a well-traveled fairway. For a long time, however, the city had no proper harbor, but it consisted only of a jetty in the water. It was not until 1832 that a large port was found with an associated harbor pool. When Helsingborg emerged as a major industrial city in the second half of the 19th century, the port soon began to grow. In 1867 the southern port was constructed and in 1891 the northern port. [ 112 ]At this time, Helsingborg was one of Sweden's largest shipping cities. The expansion of the harbor continued and it came to dominate the city's coastline throughout the 20th century until the boom H99. In 1991, the northbound railway track was excavated, which enabled the Northern Port to be converted into a residential area which was inaugurated at the boom fair. [ 113 ]

The ferry route between Helsingborg and Helsingör is called the HH trail and is one of the world's most densely populated ferry lines. Of the shipping companies that operate the route, Scandlines is the largest player and operates with the ferries M / S Tycho Brahe, M / S Aurora af Helsingborg and M / S Hamlet. [ 114 ] HH-Ferries operates with the ferries M / S Mercandia IV and M / S Mercandia VIII, but since September 1, 2009, HH-Ferries has been integrated with Scandlines, which was made to meet the competition from the Öresund Bridge. From September 1, 2010, ticket purchases, check-ins and berths are common for HH-Ferries and Scandlines. [ 115 ] In November 2018, Scandlines and HH-Ferries changed their common name to ForSea, with the inauguration of the world's first high-intensity battery ferry line. [ 116 ]

The last shipping company is the Sundbusters (formerly Ace Link [ 117 ] ), which, unlike the previous two, only carries travelers. The route is operated by ferries M / S Sundbuss Pernille and M / S Jeppe.

Roads
The Helsingborg district has long had an important role in the road network in southern Sweden. This has for a long time been due, among other things, to the city's connections with ferries to Helsingör. Formerly Helsingborg was the meeting point for the important roads of Riksettan and Rikstvåan. Over the years, the road system has been rebuilt and now the city is surrounded by highways. The highways on E4 and E6 / E20 meet outside Helsingborg at, inter alia, the Traffic Body Kropp or exit number 30 as it is also called. This is the branch where the motorways on E4 towards Stockholm and E6 / E20 towards Gothenburg go in each direction. Before the E6 was completed as a motorway, this road went further inland (partially current)110 ) and crossed the E4 near Hyllinge . The E4 has its end in Helsingborg and at the ferry location goes to the E55 and E47 roads, both of which have their beginning in the city. The E55 extends past Copenhagen , Berlin , Prague , Salzburg , Rimini and Brindisi to end in Kalamata , Greece . The E47 is considerably shorter and has its end in Lübeck, but these roads are not signposted in Sweden. To avoid heavy traffic from the ferries through the city center, Malmöleden is signposted south as the E4 and goes at Helsingborg's southern traffic area into the E6 / E20 before being divided at the Traffic Body. The E4's old section, Ängelholmsleden , extends north to Väla shopping center and is now only a city highway.

Länsväg 111 passes just east of the urban development and is called from the intersection with Rausvägen to Brohultstrafikplats for the Österleden. [ 118 ] The Österleden largely serves as the boundary of urban development to the east with the exception of the Ättekulla industrial area, Långeberga industrial area and Väla southern industrial area.

Railways
Main article: Node

The hub is Helsingborg's main station and was opened in 1991. [ 119 ] Helsingborg is an important railway link and through the city the West Coast line runs from Lund to Gothenburg. The route is operated partly by SJ Express Train, including the X2000, between Malmö and Gothenburg, and partly by the Öresund train between Copenhagen - Malmö and Gothenburg.

The Skånebanan route starts from Helsingborg and goes via Åstorp, Perstorp and Hässleholm to Kristianstad. [ 120 ] Then the Råå track also goes through Helsingborg via Ramlösa and Teckomatorp towards Eslöv. [ 121 ] The latter path is used primarily to Pågatågen which is Scania local trains. In the past, Helsingborg was an even more important railway hub than it is today because then train ferries departed.to Helsingör for trains between Copenhagen and Stockholm. For this reason, Helsingborg was therefore often Sweden's gateway to much of the rest of Europe. This function was particularly important during the Cold War between 1947 and 1991, as it was the only starting point for Swedish passenger trains that would continue to, for example, then- West Germany without affecting eastern Europe at the time. Today, this function no longer exists in Helsingborg as the train ferry connection has been closed because the Öresund Bridge has completely replaced it. The number of regional train passengers has risen sharply in recent years, but the city's role as a rail link from a national perspective has decreased.

City traffic
Main articles: Helsingborg city traffic and Helsingborg city tramways Helsingborg was the third city in Sweden to receive electrified tramways after Stockholm and Gothenburg when they were inaugurated in conjunction with the Helsingborg exhibition in 1903. Tramway also for a long time became the dominant mode of travel within the city since the first municipal bus line was not inaugurated until 1928. In 1948, most travelers (just over 12.2 million) and in the 1950s, the rail network was the most developed in the city, followed by a reduction of several lines. With the right-hand traffic change in 1967, tram traffic was finally shut down in Helsingborg and replaced by buses. [ 122 ] For a long time, Helsingborg City itself operated city traffic in the city, but in June 2005 Skånetrafik took over. [ 123 ]The traditional blue color scheme of city traffic was then changed to green. The current line network consists of three main lines with departures as close as five minutes apart, and another six regular lines, two service lines and four commuter lines.

Airport
Main article: Ängelholm-Helsingborg Airport Ängelholm-Helsingborg Airport, located outside Ängelholm , for domestic flights to Stockholm with the airlines Kullaflyg (to Bromma ) and SAS (to Arlanda ). From 2007, charter flights also depart seasonally from the airport through a number of tour operators. Line services to Visby, Mora and Åre / Östersund are offered during certain seasons. [ 124 ]

Business
The city's location and good communications have contributed to Helsingborg's good business climate. This is confirmed by studies conducted by the Swedish Enterprise in 2007, where Helsingborg is ranked 13th on the list of municipalities with the best business climate. This means that the city ranks first among the ten largest cities in Sweden. [ 125 ] However, in a similar survey done in 2013, Helsingborg had lost in position 53. [ 126 ] Helsingborg's location has contributed to the establishment of several haulage companies in the city and several distribution centers. The Helsingborg area also has the most headquarters outside Sweden's three metropolitan areas: Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö. [127 ] In 2006, Helsingborg was named the Entrepreneurial Municipality of the Year by Visma Spcs in collaboration with the Jobs and Society New Business Center. [ 128 ]

Labor market
Helsingborg has more than 10,000 VAT registered companies, of which just over 90 have more than 50 employees. The number of employed persons in 2013 was 67,044 [ 129 ]. The largest industry in 2006 was trade and communications with approximately 16,500 jobs. The largest in commerce and communication this year was party and agency trade with just under 5,200 employed, followed by retail of about 5,000 and transport and warehousing with just over 4,100. In the industry, the emphasis is on food, chemistry and pharmaceutical technology. The fastest growing sector is the service sector which has doubled in the last 20 years. In the service industries, financial operations and business services have increased sharply and were the largest in 2006 after passing through the healthcare and care sectors. [ 130 ]

Commuting to and from Helsingborg is extensive both in terms of commuting and commuting. The total gross commute was around 32 544 in 2006, with a surplus for the commute of 6,200 people. The largest commute (70.9%) comes from northwest Skåne, mostly from Höganäs and Ängelholm. 1 820 commutes from Lund or Malmö. 23.6% of employed people in Helsingborg commute to other municipalities, mostly to Landskrona and Malmö. [ 130 ]

Business
Helsingborg's largest employer (as of 2007) [ 131 ] Business	Employees Helsingborg Municipality	9 100 Skåne Region	3 675 Ikea	1 500 McNeil	775 Unilever Sweden	625 Peab	525 National Police	475 Becton Dickinson	375 Yves Rocher	360 DFDS Transport	325 Posten	325 The largest private employer in 2007 was Ikea, with a total of about 1,500 employees at the then headquarters of Ikea Svenska sales AB on Väla and Ikea staff functions at the Sugar Mill and Ikea's IT companies in Tretorn's old factory, both at the southern port. In other respects, the City of Helsingborg is the largest employer with approximately 9,100 employees, followed by the County Council of Skåne with approximately 3,675 employees, mostly at Helsingborg's laser court. [ 131 ] The Municipality of Helsingborg is also the owner of the companies Öresundskraft and Helsingborgshem.

Several older industries, some of which were formed in the 19th century, still remain. Skånska superphosphate and sulfuric acid factory AB became Reymersholms Gamla Industri AB in 1918 and in 1963 it was acquired by Boliden, which in 1977 formed Boliden Kemi AB. In 1989, this was purchased by Kemira Oy and the facilities are named Kemira Kemi AB. [ 132 ] The pharmaceutical company Leo, founded in 1914, was acquired in 1986 by Pharmacia, which after a merger in 1995 changed its name to Pharmacia & Upjohn. This was acquired in 2003 by Pfizer, who later resold this portion to McNeil in December 2006. [ 133 ]Margarinbolaget AB was formed in 1926 and was taken over in 1977 by the Artimos Group together with Unilever. In 1991, Unilever bought out Artimos and in 1993 the company was incorporated into the group's food group Van den Bergh Foods, which since 2000 is called Unilever Bestfoods. The medical technology company Viggo, founded in 1923, was acquired in 1973 by the British Oxygen Corporation and merged in 1990 with Spectramed to Viggo-Spectramed. In 1998, the company was acquired by Becton-Dickinson and operated under the name of BD Infusion Therapy. In 2010, Becton-Dickinson had no production left in Helsingborg and the factory at Gåsebäck's industrial area was closed. [ 134 ]

Among the brands that come from Helsingborg are some of the most well-known mineral water Ramlösa, the cafeteria Zoégas and the rubber company Tretorn. Other well-known brands based in Helsingborg are Allers newspaper publisher, Nicotintuggummit Nicorette , the cereal company Finax and Bostik , which, among other things, produce adhesives and sealants. In addition, several other companies have their headquarters in the city, for example Biltema, Weight Watchers and Yves Rocher. Other prominent companies are the mobile technology company Spectronic, the distribution and refrigeration technology company Frigoscandia and the fruit and vegetable companies Saba and KA Lundbladh.

Sports
Helsingborg is a city with a long sporting tradition. Already in July 1834, the first Olympic Games of modern times were organized outside Ramlösa. Behind the Games was the Olympic Association, whose goal was to rekindle interest in the Olympic Games in Sweden and Norway. In these games, they competed in gymnastics, running, wrestling and climbing on a high soaped mast. The games were repeated in 1836 with an added author's competition. [ 135 ] However, there were no more after this, but in the area where the games were held, the streets bear names such as Kapplöpningsgatan, Fäktmästargatan and Rännarbanan in memory of the events.

Football
Helsingborgs IF plays their home games at Olympia. In Helsingborg, football is the dominant sport and there are several football teams in the city. The most prominent team is Helsingborgs IF, founded in 1907 by the merger of clubs Svithiod and Stattena [ 136 ] , which played in Allsvenskan. Around the 1930s, Helsingborgs IF was an all-Swedish giant with all-Swedish gains in 1929, 1930, 1933, 1934 and 1941. [ 137 ] After that followed a more modest period and in 1968 the team fell to Division 1. It was not possible to return to Allsvenskan until 1992, [ 138 ] but has since held a stable place as the top or middle team in the highest series, crowned with gold in 1999 and 2011 and games inUefa Champions League 2000/2001 and Uefa Champions League 2012/2013. Helsingborgs IF has won the Swedish Cup five times: 1941, 1998, 2006, 2010 and 2011. [ 137 ] Among the city's and club's major football profiles are among others double World Cup medalist Kalle Svensson, Roland Nilsson , Henrik Larsson , Sigge Lindberg , Andreas Granqvist , Andreas Jakobsson , Knut Kroon , Axel Alfredsson , Sven-Ove Svensson , Mats Magnusson , Nils Axelsson ,Malte Mårtensson and Harry Lundahl.

Helsingborgs IF, on the other hand, has not been the city's only representative in the Allsvenskan. In 1928 and 1930, Stattena IF also played in Allsvenskan and in 1951 and 1952 Råå IF also played there and they were shared about playing at Olympia together with Helsingborgs IF. Råå IF's biggest triumph was the victory in the Swedish Cup 1948 [ 139 ]. Högaborgs BK, founded in 1927, raised Henrik Larsson, among others. Helsingborg's most prominent women's team in football is Stattena IF. In 1973, the Korpen in Helsingborg introduced for the first time a series in which mixed football teams participated (ie teams with both men and women). The series was called Football Different and was in four seasons [ 140].

Elite Clubs
In addition to Helsingborgs IF playing in the highest series in football, the city has several other clubs in various sports at the elite level. The indoor club FC Helsingborg 's men's team has played in the highest men's division since its founding in 2003. The club is a result of the merger of the two Helsingborg clubs Ramlösa and Högaborg that played under the name HR2000 in 2000 to change its name to FC Helsingborg in 2003. In table tennis, the club BTK Rekord and its farmer team Råå BTK's women's team are established names in elite contexts and Rekord is one of Sweden's largest table tennis clubs. Olympic / Viking Helsingborg has played in the elite series in handball. City Swimming Association, Helsingborgs Simsällskap, is one of Sweden's most prominent in its sport especially on the ladies side and Helsingborgs Tennis Club is a successful tennis club. The association plays in the tennis elite series and has also played in the European Cup and won the SM gold, both as an association and in individual games [ 141 ].

Other sports
Helsingborg's comradeship association, IFK Helsingborg , was founded in September 1896 by only 16-year-old Hjalmar Hedenblad as the Society of Sports Friends, [ 142 ]but became a fellow club the same year at the same time with a merger with the football club GFK. The association has during its long history included a number of different sports including football, cycling, swimming, orientation, handball, gymnastics, ice hockey and basketball. The business now includes athletics (the only one that has been with it since its inception), skiing, tennis, bowling, figure skating, volleyball and triathlon. As the home arena, at least in athletics, there is the sports ground Heden, where, among other things, the Swedish Championships in athletics are arranged and an indoor arena located near the sports house. Another athletics association exists in the city in the form of IS Göta, formed in 1898 [ 143 ]. Göta was founded as a purely athletics club, but also has sections for bowling, inlines and tennis. Over the years, the association has also hosted sports such as bandy, hockey, handball and walking.

Basketball club Helsingborgs BK 's men's team has played in the Swedish basketball league, under the name Öresundskraft after the main sponsor, but due to financial problems, the association was declared bankrupt in 2009. However, a successor to the club, named Helsingborgs Basketball Club, was founded on May 12, 2009 [ 144 ], which came about through a merger between IFK Helsingborg's basketball business and the Pantrarna. The club has also run projects to assist integration with Stattena IF and the Swedish-Arab Friendship Association [ 145 ].

The city's ice hockey team, Helsingborgs HC, was founded in 1977. [ 146 ] Helsingborg also has a number of gymnastics associations supported by the Helsingborg Gymnastics Association and has its operations housed in the Gymnastikens Hus at Ättekulla in southern Helsingborg. These are GF Fram, GF Ling, Helsingborgs Turnförening and Råå GF. Helsingborg is also represented in the running of HLK-92 and in badminton by Helsingborg's Badminton Club. In addition to this, the city has clubs in martial arts. Taekwondo Club Tian Daohas reaped some successes in Swedish championships. Helsingborg's Ju Jitsu Club is one of the oldest martial arts associations in the city and has existed since the mid-1970s [ 147 ]. Some of the younger sports in Helsingborg are rugby, baseball and American football. The city is represented here by the respective Helsingborg Rugby Club Gripen, Helsingborg Generals and Helsingborg Jaguars AFC.

Sports facilities
The multi-arena Helsingborg Arena with Lars Englund's artwork Sfär in the foreground. The most well-known sports arena in Helsingborg is Olympia, the home arena for Helsingborgs IF , which was inaugurated on July 31, 1898. [ 148 ] Initially Olympia was a place for both football and athletics, but has recently been transformed into a purely football arena with space for approx. 16,000 spectators. Several other sports facilities have recently been added around Olympia and the whole area is a kind of center for Helsingborg's sport. North of Olympia lies the Sports House, which is an indoor arena with several halls and the opportunity for many different sports. The largest hall, the A hall, seats 1,800 spectators [ 149 ]. Several of the indoor sports in Helsingborg use the Sports House for training and home matches, for example you can see the table tennis club BTK Rekord here. The city's ice hockey arena, the Olympic rink , which is the home arena for Helsingborg HC, can take 2,100 spectators and is located a bit north of the Sports House. To the east of Olympia lies the HIF Hall with an indoor plan of artificial grass and the Olympia Hall, inaugurated on September 1, 1981 and expanded in 1988, with space for seven tennis courts and 18 badminton courts [ 150 ].

The multi-arena Helsingborg Arena was inaugurated on November 30, 2012 [ 151 ] and has a floor area of ​​21,000 square meters and a ceiling height of at most 15 meters. The arena consists of three halls: the Arena Hall, the B Hall and the C Hall. The arena holds a maximum of 5,500 spectators at concerts and 4,700 spectators at sporting events. The B and C halls can accommodate 300 and 100 spectators respectively. Helsingborg Arena is built with the Sports House, which means that even the two sports halls there can be used "under the same roof". Premises are available for sports such as table tennis, wrestling, archery, gun shooting, weightlifting, boxing, fencing and for three martial arts venues. [ 152 ]

However, there are also several sports facilities outside the Olympia area, for example, in the district of Högasten in southern Helsingborg where you can find the sports ground Heden, which has facilities for athletics and has arranged, among other things, the Swedish Championships in athletics. Adjacent to the sports ground is the indoor hall Götahallen. In connection with Gustav Adolfskolan in the district of Söder there is another indoor hall named GA-Hall [ 153 ]. The center for swimming sports is the Filbornabadet, which is managed by the Helsingborg swimming company and which also has its operations in the facility and also the swimming pool in southern Helsingborg. Otherwise, there are several smaller sports venues, most aimed for football, around the city, for example the sports venues Harlyckans IP, Norrvalla IP and Råå IP.

Recurring sports events
New Year's salute (January) - indoor soccer tournament held in conjunction with the new year. Springtime (May) - race with distances 5 kilometers and 10 kilometers. OV Beach Handball (May / June) - beach handball tournament for both school classes and sports clubs. Eskilscupen (July / August) - outdoor soccer tournament for young people always played week 31 over the weekend Friday to Sunday. Helsingborg Marathon (August / September) - marathon race held during late summer.