User:Wii sports resort cycling olympian/Samoyedic languages

Grammar
Samoyedic languages are primarily agglutinative. They have postpositions and suffixes and do not use articles or prefixes. Samoyedic languages also have grammatical evidentiality. Word order in Samoyedic languages is typically subject-object-verb (SOV). Below are two sentences in Nenets that demonstrate SOV word order and case in Samoyedic languages:

a. Säxäko     boľńica-xana         me

Seheko     hospital-LOC        be.[3SG]

"Seheko is in the hospital."

b. toxolkoda   klass-xana              me

student       classroom-LOC      be.[3SG]

"The student is in the classroom."

Nouns
Nouns in Samoyedic languages do not have gender, but they are declined for number (singular, dual, and plural) as well as case. All Samoyedic languages have at least seven noun cases which may include nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative, locative, instrumental, lative, and/or prolative depending on the language.

Verbs
Many Samoyedic languages have the following three conjugation types: subjective, objective (in which the number of the object is expressed in addition to that of the subject), and reflexive. Verbs in Samoyedic languages have several moods, ranging from at least eight in Selkup to at least sixteen in Nenets. Other forms of verbs that can be found in Samoyedic languages are gerunds, participles, and infinitives. Of the Samoyedic languages, only Selkup has verbal aspect.

Phonology
Sonorant-obstruent consonant clusters with two consonants, of which the latter consonant is more sonorous than the former, are the most frequently occurring consonant clusters in several Samoyedic languages. Conversely, consonant clusters ending in glides are not found in any Samoyedic languages.

Unlike some other Uralic languages, Samoyedic languages do not have vowel harmony.

Vowel epenthesis is frequently used in Samoyedic languages to break up consonant clusters, particularly in the case of loanwords borrowed from Russian.

Vowel epenthesis from Russian to Nenets

 * крупа (krupa)   >    xurupa   "cereals"
 * класс (klass)    >    xalas      "class"

Vowel epenthesis from Russian to Nganasan

 * бригада (brigada)   >    birigadә    "brigade"
 * метр (metr)             >    metәrә      "meter"

Vowel epenthesis from Russian to Selkup

 * стекло (stʲeklo)   >    tʲekɨla    "glass"
 * стол (stol)           >    istol       "table"

Impact
Samoyedic languages have experienced significant language contact with Russian to such an extent that members of the Nenets, Selkup, Nganasan, and Enets ethnic groups now often have Russian as a first language, with speakers of Samoyedic languages primarily belonging to elder age groups.

Loanwords
Russian loanwords in Samoyedic languages include :


 * колхоз ("collective farm")
 * машина ("car")
 * молоко ("milk")
 * Москва ("Moscow")