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Federico Fernández de Castillejo Jiménez (Cordoba, December 10, 1899 - Madrid, September 26, 1980). Politician of the Second Republic, military, lawyer, writer, historian.

Biography
Son of the lawyer and politician José Fernández Jiménez, born in Zuheros, Córdoba, who was a member of the Cortes in five legislatures, founder of the Fernandista party, governor of Seville and mayor of Córdoba, and Josefa Castillejo de la Fuente de Dávila, born in Fuente Ovejuna, Córdoba.

Fernández de Castillejo completed his first studies in Córdoba and became a bachelor and normal teacher at the age of fourteen. At the age of twenty he served as a lieutenant in the Spanish army in Morocco, in the Rif campaign, and at the age of twenty-five he attained the rank of captain of the general staff. Shortly after, he qualified as a lawyer and began to excel in the courts of Madrid and Seville for his good preparation. On December 6, 1929, he married the Sevillian aristocrat María Taviel de Andrade Cavaleri.

When the Second Republic was proclaimed, at the age of only 31, he was appointed civil governor of Valencia, a post he held in June and July 1931, as he was elected deputy to the Seville Constituent Courts in the elections of June 28 of that year for the Republican Liberal Right, a party led by Niceto Alcalá-Zamora and renamed the Progressive Republican Party in August 1931. Due to incompatibility of offices, he had to resign as a member of the Junta Provincial de Beneficencia Particular de Sevilla when he was appointed deputy.

During this period, Fernández de Castillejo was a member of the new National Committee and held the office of Secretary of the Progressive Parliamentary Minority. Castillejo was also an alternate member of the Constitutional Guarantees Court during the 1931 legislative session. He also participated with the Seville delegation in the drafting of the Andalusian autonomy bill on January 29 and 30, 1933, and that same year, in the elections of November 19, he was again elected deputy of the Progressive Republican Party for the Córdoba constituency. Upon taking office as deputy on December 30, 1933, he resigned from the post of Director General of Agriculture, to which he had been appointed and which he had held in the preceding months, opting for the post of deputy. During this second legislature, Fernández de Castillejo served as Deputy Secretary of the Agriculture Commission and Deputy Secretary of the War Commission, as well as head of the commission in charge of investigating the denunciation of Antonio Nombela, better known as the "Nombela Scandal." At the end of 1935, Fernández de Castillejo was appointed Undersecretary of Public Works and took office on December 20. After the February 1936 elections, in which he was again elected deputy for Córdoba for the Progressive Republican Party, Castillejo eventually held the post of deputy secretary of the Agriculture Commission, was a member of the War Commission and deputy in the Government and Audit Commission.

Exile
When the Civil War broke out, persecuted and threatened with death, he found asylum on the Argentine torpedo boat Tucumán and managed to embark in Alicante with his wife and three children, José Luis, Federico and María, on the fifth evacuation voyage of refugees from the Tucumán, which left for Marseilles on February 13, 1937. After settling in Paris for a while, Fernández de Castillejo embarked in Cherbourg on the steamer Alcántara on December 29, 1937. His family embarked in Lisbon and arrived in Buenos Aires on January 16, 1938. His arrival did not go unnoticed by the press in Buenos Aires and was reported in the main Argentine newspapers of the time. Fernández de Castillejo arrived in Argentina and was hired by the government of the Province of Buenos Aires as an engineer-geographer, which he had graduated from the Artillery Academy, to survey the cadastral plans of that province. In addition, Fernández de Castillejo, drawing on his knowledge of topography, hydrography and development, and agrarian reform, as well as his authorship of several treatises on the geological conditions of the Spanish coasts, on the Llobregat Basin, and an extensive study of agrarian reform, collaborated with engineer Eugenio Richard on the navigation project of the Santa Cruz River, on his technical study of navigability, and on the subsequent commercial analysis and project to improve agricultural yields on farms along the river.

Castillejo also worked as a lawyer for the shareholders of CHADOPyF (Compañía Hispano Argentina de Obras Públicas y Finanzas), popularly known as Metro Español de Buenos Aires, and held the position of general director of the publishing house CLYDOC, among others, which highlights his correspondence with Bernardo Canal Feijóo. In Argentina he published six works, the first of which, "Heroísmo criollo: la marina argentina en el drama español", together with the Spanish lawyer, politician and women's rights activist Clara Campoamor, followed by "La epopeya del nuevo mundo", "El amor en la conquista: Malitzin", "Andalucía: lo andaluz, lo flamenco y lo gitano," "La ilusión en la conquista: Genesis of American Myths and Legends," and "Rodrigo de Triana (Novel History of the First Discoverer of America)," which will establish him as an Andalusian expert and Americanist of recognized prestige, joined by other unpublished works such as "Das R The Riddle of Christopher Columbus" and "The Son of the Sun".

In Buenos Aires, Castillejo participated actively in the Spanish Patriotic Association, where he lectured and in 1943 was part of the faculty of the Course of Spanish Literature, History and Art, Pilar de Lusarreta, along with other intellectuals such as Manuel de Góngora, Alberto Insúa, Arturo Berenguer Carisomo, Pedro Massa and Clara Campoamor, and the following year, the History of Hispanic Civilization and Spanish Literature, with almost the same faculty, except Massa and Lusarreta, but with the inclusion of historian Vicente Sierra, to always balance the Spanish and Argentine faculty. In 1945 Castillejo participates again in a cycle of conferences on Spanish literature and history in the 17th century, organized in honor of Francisco de Quevedo y Villegas on the occasion of the third anniversary of his death, with the participation again of Campoamor, Góngora and Berenguer Carisomo.

As a professor and regular collaborator of the Liceo de España, an institution directed by the Argentine diplomat José María Cantilo, whose director and true promoter and alma mater was Antonio Manzanera, Fernández de Castillejo participated, among others, in the cycle of radio lectures that began in August 1940, along with other Spanish intellectuals in exile such as Vicente Sánchez Ocaña, Álvaro de las Casas, Ramón Gómez de la Serna and Clara Campoamor. Castillejo was also one of the main contributors to some of the lecture series organized and broadcast by La Voz de España, a popular radio program directed by Manzanera.

In addition, within this program Castillejo directed the section Cartas a un Oyente (Letters to a Listener), in which he gave a series of lectures that were broadcast daily and sent to the airwaves by L.R. 10 Radio Cultura. The Cordovan scholar played a prominent role within the Liceo de España, representing it on various occasions and often becoming its accredited spokesman as well as a qualified ambassador for the broadcast of "La Voz de España," as was evident on repeated occasions, such as on the occasion of the speech he gave at the tribute to Antonio Manzanera in April 1941. Among other scientific and cultural publications in Argentina, however, Castillejo's collaboration in the Diario Español stood out.

During his exile in the Silver Country, Castillejo belonged to the intimate circle of Alcalá-Zamora, whom he awaited upon his arrival at the port of Buenos Aires on January 28. January 1942 and at whose last homage during his lifetime he was present at the Hotel Español in Buenos Aires, amidst a small group of loyalists that included Clara Campoamor, Leandro Pita Romero, Alicio Garcitoral, Raimundo Díaz Alejo, Julián Moreno and Guillermo Cabanellas. His close circle of friends also included his great childhood friend José Ortega y Gasset and the Argentine historian and sociologist Enrique de Gandía, who wrote the prologue to his work "Andalucía: lo andaluz, lo flamenco y lo gitano" - illustrated by Lola de Lusarreta - who also praised "La Epopeya del Nuevo Mundo," as well as Arturo Berenguer Carisomo, Ramón Gómez de la Serna and Manuel de Góngora. During his exile in Buenos Aires, Castillejo associated with Francisco Ayala and Manuel de Falla, also Andalusians, as well as with other personalities such as the Andalusian Enrique Larreta or Victoria Ocampo, and shared quarters with his friend and collaborator Clara Campoamor in the house at 1296 Calle Corrientes.

After taking advantage of the 1945 amnesty, Federico Fernández de Castillejo and his family returned to Spain via Lisbon on the transatlantic ship Cabo de Buena Esperanza in early 1946. After spending some time in Andalusia, they settled permanently in Madrid, where Castillejo lived until his death on September 26, 1980. Castillejo's remains lie in the Civil Cemetery in Madrid, where he died on September 26, 1980.

Works
La Reforma Agraria, Proyecto de Ley de Bases, Tipografía Moderna, Sevilla, 1931; Heroísmo criollo: la marina argentina en el drama español, Talleres Gráficos Fanetti & Gasperini, Buenos Aires, 1939; La epopeya del nuevo mundo, Talleres Gráficos Fanetti & Gasperini, Buenos Aires, 1942; El amor en la conquista: Malitzin, Emecé, Buenos Aires, 1943; Andalucía: lo andaluz, lo flamenco y lo gitano, Verlag Clydoc, Buenos Aires, 1944; La ilusión en la conquista: génesis de los mitos y leyendas americanos, ediciones Atalaya, Buenos Aires, 1945; Rodrigo de Triana (Historia novelada del primer descubridor de América), Verlag Clydoc, Buenos Aires, 1945.