User:WikiOriginal-9/Vikings

The following is a list of players, both past and current, who appeared in at least one regular season or postseason game for the Minnesota Vikings NFL franchise.

A

 * Husain Abdullah
 * Bobby Abrams
 * Steve Ache
 * Scott Adams
 * Tom Adams
 * Tony Adams
 * Xavier Adibi
 * John Adickes
 * Grady Alderman
 * Derrick Alexander
 * Derrick Alexander
 * Rufus Alexander
 * Tuineau Alipate
 * Asher Allen
 * Jared Allen
 * Nate Allen
 * Terry Allen
 * Aundrae Allison
 * Morten Andersen
 * Alfred Anderson
 * Gary Anderson
 * Scott Anderson
 * Richard Angulo
 * Sam Anno
 * Leo Araguz
 * Hasson Arbubakrr
 * Emmanuel Arceneaux
 * Devin Aromashodu
 * Chuck Arrobio
 * Walker Lee Ashley
 * Matt Asiata
 * Pete Athas
 * John Avery
 * Adrian Awasom
 * Obafemi Ayanbadejo
 * Remi Ayodele

B

 * Jeff Baca
 * Brad Badger
 * Bubba Baker
 * Chase Baker
 * Rashad Baker
 * Randy Baldwin
 * Jerry Ball
 * Christian Ballard
 * Gary Ballman
 * Antonio Banks
 * Joe Banyard
 * Roy Barker
 * Billy Ray Barnes
 * Tomur Barnes
 * Harlon Barnett
 * Anthony Barr
 * Hank Baskett
 * Anthony Bass
 * D'Wayne Bates
 * Jim Battle
 * David Bavaro
 * Rick Bayless
 * Tim Baylor
 * Autry Beamon
 * John Beasley
 * Nick Bebout
 * Hal Bedsole
 * Rick Bell
 * Barry Bennett
 * Darren Bennett
 * Michael Bennett
 * Pete Bercich
 * Joe Berger
 * Mitch Berger
 * Bernard Berrian
 * Bob Berry
 * Ray Berry
 * Sean Berton
 * Rufus Bess
 * Greg Biekert
 * Matt Birk
 * Bill Bishop
 * Desmond Bishop
 * Joe Blahak
 * Matt Blair
 * Paul Blair
 * Tony Bland
 * Robert Blanton
 * Greg Blue
 * Orlando Bobo
 * Bookie Bolin
 * Brooks Bollinger
 * Conrad Bolston
 * Steve Bono
 * Lorenzo Booker
 * Dave Boone
 * Todd Bouman
 * Larry Bowie
 * Brent Boyd
 * Malik Boyd
 * Jim Boylan
 * Ronnie Bradford
 * Jeff Brady
 * Don Bramlett
 * David Braxton
 * Bob Breitenstein
 * Jack Brewer
 * Teddy Bridgewater
 * Doug Brien
 * Gregg Briggs
 * Jim Brim
 * Mike Brim
 * Jasper Brinkley
 * Bubby Brister
 * Charley Britt
 * Lorenzo Bromell
 * Bill Brown
 * Bob Brown
 * Larry Brown
 * Norris Brown
 * Patrick Brown
 * Ralph Brown
 * Richard Brown
 * Ted Brown
 * Terry Brown
 * Joey Browner
 * Bob Bruer
 * Larry Brune
 * Dave Bruno
 * Bobby Bryant
 * Tim Bryant
 * Bart Buetow
 * Mike Bundra
 * Nate Burleson
 * John Burrough
 * Brandon Burton
 * Derek Burton
 * Stephen Burton
 * Bill Butler
 * Duane Butler
 * Ken Byers

C

 * Ivan Caesar
 * Jamie Caleb
 * Lee Calland
 * Greg Camarillo
 * John Campbell
 * Kelly Campbell
 * Bill Cappleman
 * John Carlson
 * Preston Carpenter
 * Ron Carpenter
 * Jay Carroll
 * Malcolm Carson
 * Anthony Carter
 * Cris Carter
 * Dale Carter
 * Jason Carter
 * Tyrone Carter
 * Dave Casper
 * Matt Cassel
 * Matt Cercone
 * Byron Chamberlain
 * Doug Chapman
 * John Charles
 * Corey Chavous
 * Jim Christopherson
 * Jeff Christy
 * Patrick Chukwurah
 * Vinny Ciurciu
 * Neil Clabo
 * Chris Claiborne
 * Jessie Clark
 * Kenny Clark
 * Ken Clarke
 * Leon Clarke
 * T.J. Clemmings
 * Duane Clemons
 * Bob Cobb
 * Marvin Cobb
 * Paul Coffman
 * Audie Cole
 * Al Coleman
 * Dan Coleman
 * Greg Coleman
 * Stalin Colinet
 * Calvin Collins
 * Dwight Collins
 * Fabray Collins
 * Jeff Colter
 * Billy Conaty
 * Chris Cook
 * Ryan Cook
 * Adrian Cooper
 * Jon Cooper
 * Marquis Cooper
 * Frank Cornish
 * Jose Cortez
 * Sam Cowart
 * Fred Cox
 * Roger Craig
 * Steve Craig
 * Scott Crichton
 * Henri Crockett
 * Carlester Crumpler
 * Brad Culpepper
 * Daunte Culpepper
 * Ed Culpepper
 * Doug Cunningham
 * Randall Cunningham
 * Rick Cunningham
 * Gary Cuozzo
 * Travis Curtis

D

 * Bernard Dafney
 * Carroll Dale
 * Antico Dalton
 * Leshun Daniels
 * Rick Danmeier
 * Ron Daugherty
 * Brian Davis
 * Doug Davis
 * Greg Davis
 * John Davis
 * Nick Davis
 * Rod Davis
 * Dale Dawson
 * Rhett Dawson
 * Larry Dean
 * Ted Dean
 * Chris DeGeare
 * Greg DeLong
 * Jack Del Rio
 * Calvin Demery
 * Earl Denny
 * Al Denson
 * Bob Denton
 * Dean Derby
 * Kevin Devine
 * Jim Dick
 * Paul Dickson
 * Stefon Diggs
 * Scott Dill
 * Terry Dillon
 * Steve Dils
 * Ryan D'Imperio
 * Cris Dishman
 * David Dixon
 * Chris Doleman
 * Oscar Donahue
 * Nat Dorsey
 * Mike Doss
 * D.J. Dozier
 * Vlad Ducasse
 * Bill Dugan
 * Jeff Dugan
 * Doug Dumler
 * Mark Dusbabek

E

 * Adimchinobe Echemandu
 * Paul Edinger
 * Brad Edwards
 * Dixon Edwards
 * Dovonte Edwards
 * Jimmy Edwards
 * Ray Edwards
 * Pat Eilers
 * Mike Eischeid
 * Clifton Eley
 * Carl Eller
 * Aaron Elling
 * Kenrick Ellis
 * Rhett Ellison
 * Neil Elshire
 * Hayden Epstein
 * Chuck Evans
 * David Evans
 * Fred Evans
 * Eric Everett
 * Antone Exum

F

 * Hap Farber
 * Heath Farwell
 * Ciatrick Fason
 * Paul Faust
 * Brett Favre
 * Willie Fears
 * Grant Feasel
 * Jerome Felton
 * Rick Fenney
 * Bob Ferguson
 * Charley Ferguson
 * Robert Ferguson
 * Jay Fiedler
 * Steve Finch
 * Jason Fisk
 * Jamie Fitzgerald
 * Mike FitzGerald
 * Paul Flatley
 * Sharrif Floyd
 * Toniu Fonoti
 * Chris Foote
 * Chase Ford
 * Chuck Foreman
 * Melvin Fowler
 * Dennis Fowlkes
 * Eric Frampton
 * Tom Franckhauser
 * Donald Frank
 * Josh Freeman
 * Steve Freeman
 * Gus Frerotte
 * David Frisch
 * Phil Frye
 * Corey Fuller
 * Darrell Fullington
 * Brandon Fusco

G

 * Tony Galbreath
 * Frank Gallagher
 * Jim Gallery
 * Laroni Gallishaw
 * John Galvin
 * Rich Gannon
 * Teddy Garcia
 * Dave Garnett
 * Winfield Garnett
 * Billy Gault
 * William Gay
 * Jeff George
 * Ron George
 * John Gerak
 * Toby Gerhart
 * Carl Gersbach
 * Willie Gillespie
 * John Gilliam
 * Jason Glenn
 * Vencie Glenn
 * Andrew Glover
 * Robert Goff
 * Adam Goldberg
 * Bob Goodridge
 * Charlie Goodrum
 * Hunter Goodwin
 * Charles Gordon
 * Scottie Graham
 * MarQueis Gray
 * Torrian Gray
 * Dick Grecni
 * Robert Green
 * Marcellus Greene
 * Chad Greenway
 * Everson Griffen
 * Cedric Griffin
 * Robert Griffith
 * Otis Grigsby
 * Bob Grim
 * Ron Groce
 * Neal Guggemos
 * Letroy Guion
 * Eric Guliford
 * Jim Gustafson

H

 * Adam Haayer
 * Brian Habib
 * Dale Hackbart
 * John Haines
 * Dick Haley
 * Lemanski Hall
 * Steven Hall
 * Tom Hall
 * Windlan Hall
 * Wes Hamilton
 * Shelly Hammonds
 * Alonzo Hampton
 * Ben Hanks
 * Tom Hannon
 * Don Hansen
 * Mark Hanson
 * Jimmy Hargrove
 * Sam Harrell
 * Anthony Harris
 * Bill Harris
 * Darryl Harris
 * James Harris
 * Joe Harris
 * John Harris
 * Mike Harris
 * Napoleon Harris
 * Paul Harris
 * Robert Harris
 * Steve Harris
 * Martin Harrison
 * Mike Hartenstine
 * Percy Harvin
 * Clint Haslerig
 * Don Hasselbeck
 * Matt Hatchette
 * Rip Hawkins
 * Leo Hayden
 * Ray Hayes
 * Jeff Hazuga
 * E.J. Henderson
 * Erin Henderson
 * John Henderson
 * Keith Henderson
 * Wymon Henderson
 * Matt Hernandez
 * Anthony Herrera
 * David Herron
 * Artis Hicks
 * Maurice Hicks
 * Wally Hilgenberg
 * Gary Hill
 * King Hill
 * Shaun Hill
 * Ira Hillary
 * Carl Hilton
 * John Hilton
 * George Hinkle
 * Chris Hinton
 * Jimmy Hitchcock
 * Leroy Hoard
 * Gerald Hodges
 * Kelly Holcomb
 * Darius Holland
 * John Holland
 * Randy Holloway
 * Rob Holmberg
 * Bruce Holmes
 * Issiac Holt
 * Jim Hough
 * Bobby Houston
 * Chris Hovan
 * Bryan Howard
 * David Howard
 * Willie Howard
 * Keenan Howry
 * Dave Huffman
 * Don Hultz
 * Danielle Hunter
 * Will Hunter
 * Steve Hutchinson
 * Gerry Huth

I

 * Donald Igwebuike
 * Darryl Ingram
 * Ken Irvin
 * Tim Irwin
 * Qadry Ismail
 * Ron Israel

J

 * Alfred Jackson
 * Harold Jackson
 * Joey Jackson
 * Tarvaris Jackson
 * Nate Jacquet
 * Cedric James
 * Dick James
 * Erasmus James
 * A.J. Jefferson
 * Noel Jenke
 * Carlos Jenkins
 * Izel Jenkins
 * Michael Jenkins
 * Greg Jennings
 * Bill Jobko
 * Bethel Johnson
 * Brad Johnson
 * Charles Johnson
 * Charlie Johnson
 * Charlie Johnson
 * Chris Johnson
 * Dennis Johnson
 * Eddie Johnson
 * Gene Johnson
 * George Johnson
 * Henry Johnson
 * Jaymar Johnson
 * Joe Johnson
 * Ken Johnson
 * Lee Johnson
 * Marcus Johnson
 * Olrick Johnson
 * Sammy Johnson
 * Spencer Johnson
 * Tom Johnson
 * Tyrell Johnson
 * Lance Johnstone
 * Clint Jones
 * Hassan Jones
 * Henry Jones
 * Mike Jones
 * Mike Jones
 * Rushen Jones
 * Shawn Jones
 * Wayne Jones
 * Andrew Jordan
 * Jeff Jordan
 * Steve Jordan
 * Linval Joseph
 * Don Joyce

K

 * Josh Kaddu
 * Matt Kalil
 * Todd Kalis
 * Joe Kapp
 * Rich Karlis
 * Karl Kassulke
 * Matt Katula
 * Mark Kellar
 * Eric Kelly
 * Lewis Kelly
 * Eric Kendricks
 * Jimmy Kennedy
 * Zac Kerin
 * Brady Keys
 * Keith Kidd
 * Phil King
 * Doug Kingsriter
 * John Kirby
 * William Kirksey
 * Jimmy Kleinsasser
 * Chris Kluwe
 * Kurt Knoff
 * Greg Koch
 * Ross Kolodziej
 * Terry Kosens
 * Kent Kramer
 * Tommy Kramer
 * Paul Krause
 * Bob Lacey
 * Corbin Lacina
 * Chuck Lamson
 * Jim Langer
 * Bill Lapham
 * Gary Larsen
 * Jim Lash
 * Steve Lawson
 * Ben Leber
 * Terry LeCount
 * Amp Lee
 * Bob Lee
 * Carl Lee
 * Jim Leo
 * Darrell Lester
 * Greg Lewis
 * Leo Lewis
 * Brody Liddiard
 * Errol Linden
 * Everett Lindsay
 * Jim Lindsey
 * Zach Line
 * Bob Lingenfelter
 * Cliff Livingston
 * Chris Liwienski
 * Phil Loadholt
 * Jeff Locke
 * Cullen Loeffler
 * Ryan Longwell
 * Fletcher Louallen
 * Terry Love
 * Kirk Lowdermilk
 * Derrel Luce
 * Bob Lurtsema
 * Mike Lush
 * Billy Lyon

M

 * Mark MacDonald
 * Earsell Mackbee
 * James Manley
 * Maurice Mann
 * Archie Manning
 * Greg Manusky
 * Ed Marinaro
 * Jim Marshall
 * Larry Marshall
 * Amos Martin
 * Billy Martin
 * Chris Martin
 * Doug Martin
 * Steve Martin
 * Tommy Mason
 * Andy Maurer
 * Michael Mauti
 * Marc May
 * Doug Mayberry
 * Mike Mayes
 * Kivuusama Mays
 * Stafford Mays
 * Marcus McCauley
 * Brent McClanahan
 * Skip McClendon
 * John McCormick
 * Sam McCullum
 * Mike McCurry
 * Ed McDaniel
 * Randall McDaniel
 * Kevin McDermott
 * Mardye McDole
 * Ramos McDonald
 * Hugh McElhenny
 * Reggie McElroy
 * Mike McGill
 * Lamar McGriggs
 * Marlin McKeever
 * Tyrone McKenzie
 * Bryant McKinnie
 * Jerick McKinnon
 * Jim McMahon
 * Audray McMillian
 * Billy McMullen
 * Donovan McNabb
 * Fred McNeill
 * Tom McNeill
 * Dan McQuaid
 * Bill McWatters
 * Johnny McWilliams
 * Tim Meamber
 * Mike Mercer
 * Mike Merriweather
 * Wayne Meylan
 * Phil Micech
 * Tom Michel
 * Dave Middleton
 * Keith Millard
 * Corey Miller
 * Kevin Miller
 * Larry Miller
 * Robert Miller
 * Ted Million
 * Garrett Mills
 * John Henry Mills
 * Charles Mincy
 * Jayme Mitchell
 * Marvin Mitchell
 * Mel Mitchell
 * Kenny Mixon
 * Fred Molden
 * Pete Monty
 * Warren Moon
 * Leonard Moore
 * Manfred Moore
 * Mewelde Moore
 * Zach Moore
 * Don Morgan
 * Kyle Morrell
 * Jack Morris
 * Mike Morris
 * Harold Morrow
 * C. J. Mosley (defensive lineman)
 * Randy Moss
 * Rich Mostardi
 * Mike Mularkey
 * Mark Mullaney
 * Captain Munnerlyn
 * Fred Murphy
 * Yo Murphy
 * Eddie Murray
 * Najee Mustafaa
 * Frank Myers

N

 * Pete Najarian
 * Martin Nance
 * Mike Nattiel
 * Larry Ned
 * Ben Nelson
 * Chuck Nelson
 * Darrin Nelson
 * David Nelson
 * Jim Nelson
 * Rhett Nelson
 * Rick Newbill
 * Keith Newman
 * Terence Newman
 * Harry Newsome
 * Tim Newton
 * Steve Niehaus
 * Roosevelt Nix
 * Al Noga
 * Keith Nord
 * Tony Norman
 * Gabe Northern
 * Brent Novoselsky

O

 * Terry Obee
 * Dave O'Brien
 * Willie Offord
 * Kenny Onatolu
 * Andre O'Neal
 * Frank Ori
 * Dave Osborn
 * Clancy Osborne
 * Richard Owens

P

 * Alan Page
 * Jarrad Page
 * David Palmer
 * Mitch Palmer
 * Anthony Parker
 * Rickey Parks
 * Doug Paschal
 * Cordarrelle Patterson
 * Jerry Patton
 * Bryce Paup
 * Karl Paymah
 * Eddie Payton
 * J.C. Pearson
 * John Pentecost
 * Pete Perreault
 * Jason Perry
 * Dick Pesonen
 * Ken Petersen
 * Adrian Peterson
 * Anthony Phillips
 * Bobby Phillips
 * Jim Phillips
 * Joe Phillips
 * Artose Pinner
 * Kurt Ploeger
 * Ray Poage
 * Randy Poltl
 * Christian Ponder
 * Ron Porter
 * Art Powell
 * John Powers
 * Shaun Prater
 * Travis Prentice
 * Jim Prestel
 * Jabari Price
 * Anthony Prior
 * Ted Provost
 * MyCole Pruitt
 * Palmer Pyle

Q

 * Kelly Quinn

R

 * Mike Rabold
 * John Randle
 * Al Randolph
 * Ahmad Rashad
 * Randy Rasmussen
 * Mistral Raymond
 * Jarvis Redwine
 * Bob Reed
 * D'Aundre Reed
 * Jake Reed
 * Oscar Reed
 * Jerry Reichow
 * Mike Reilly
 * Allen Reisner
 * Lance Rentzel
 * Fuad Reveiz
 * Darius Reynaud
 * Xavier Rhodes
 * Buster Rhymes
 * Benny Ricardo
 * Allen Rice
 * Sidney Rice
 * Greg Richardson
 * Kyle Richardson
 * Tony Richardson
 * Steve Riley
 * Fred Robbins
 * Edmond Robinson
 * Gerald Robinson
 * Josh Robinson
 * Koren Robinson
 * Marcus Robinson
 * Brian Robison
 * Mark Rodenhauser
 * Chris Rogers
 * Nick Rogers
 * Dave Roller
 * George Rose
 * Mike Rosenthal
 * Ted Rosnagle
 * Derek Ross
 * Curtis Rouse
 * Justin Rowland
 * Karl Rubke
 * Dwayne Rudd
 * Kyle Rudolph
 * Pat Russ
 * Brian Russell

S

 * Sean Salisbury
 * Ron Sams
 * Ken Sanders
 * Jamarca Sanford
 * Benny Sapp
 * Bob Sapp
 * Craig Sauer
 * Talance Sawyer
 * Mike Saxon
 * John Scardina
 * Ed Schenk
 * Roy Schmidt
 * Bob Schmitz
 * Bob Schnelker
 * Adam Schreiber
 * Jeff Schuh
 * Geoff Schwartz
 * Carey Scott
 * Darrion Scott
 * Randy Scott
 * Todd Scott
 * Bucky Scribner
 * Ron Selesky
 * Andrew Sendejo
 * Robin Sendlein
 * Joe Senser
 * Wasswa Serwanga
 * Ed Sharockman
 * Darren Sharper
 * George Shaw
 * Terrance Shaw
 * Jerry Shay
 * Austin Shepherd
 * Ashley Sheppard
 * Lito Sheppard
 * Marcus Sherels
 * Will Sherman
 * Visanthe Shiancoe
 * LeBron Shields
 * Jeff Siemon
 * Arnie Simkus
 * Howard Simpson
 * Jerome Simpson
 * William Sims
 * Scott Sisson
 * Mike Slaton
 * Cedric Smith
 * Daryl Smith
 * Dwight Smith
 * Fernando Smith
 * Gordon Smith
 * Greg Smith
 * Harrison Smith
 * Jimmy Smith
 * Khreem Smith
 * Lyman Smith
 * Onterrio Smith
 * Raonall Smith
 * Robert Smith
 * Robert Smith
 * Rodney Smith
 * Steve Smith
 * Wayne Smith
 * Fred Smoot
 * Norm Snead
 * Matt Snider
 * Ariel Solomon
 * Jesse Solomon
 * Willie Spencer
 * Charles Stackhouse
 * Timothy Starks
 * Robert Steele
 * Robert Steeples
 * Bob Stein
 * Jan Stenerud
 * Mike Stensrud
 * Joe Stepanek
 * Shamar Stephen
 * Mac Stephens
 * Todd Steussie
 * James Stewart
 * Mark Stewart
 * Ken Stills
 * Steve Stonebreaker
 * Thomas Strauthers
 * Fred Strickland
 * Korey Stringer
 * Scott Studwell
 * John Sullivan
 * Charlie Sumner
 * Milt Sunde
 * Doug Sutherland
 * Archie Sutton
 * Paul Sverchek
 * Bill Swain
 * John Swain
 * Dennis Swilley

T

 * Naufahu Tahi
 * Darryl Talley
 * Thomas Tapeh
 * Fran Tarkenton
 * Ben Tate
 * Robert Tate
 * Pete Tatman
 * Terry Tausch
 * Chester Taylor
 * Eric Taylor
 * Travis Taylor
 * Willie Teal
 * Mike Teeter
 * Derek Tennell
 * Keith Thibodeaux
 * Adam Thielen
 * Andre Thomas
 * Broderick Thomas
 * Dontarrious Thomas
 * Henry Thomas
 * Orlando Thomas
 * Mike Tice
 * Mike Tilleman
 * Mick Tingelhoff
 * Dave Tobey
 * Gino Torretta
 * Justin Trattou
 * Mel Triplett
 * Olanda Truitt
 * Jason Trusnik
 * Esera Tuaolo
 * Bob Tucker
 * John Turner
 * Maurice Turner
 * Mike Turner

U

 * Kenechi Udeze

V

 * Ron Vander Kelen
 * Sean Vanhorse
 * Larry Vargo
 * Ruben Vaughan
 * John Vella
 * Jim Vellone
 * Stu Voigt

W

 * Billy Waddy
 * Bobby Wade
 * Danny Wagoner
 * Van Waiters
 * Bobby Walden
 * Adam Walker
 * Denard Walker
 * Frank Walker
 * Herschel Walker
 * Jay Walker
 * Jimmy Walker
 * Jackie Wallace
 * Mike Wallace
 * Blair Walsh
 * Chris Walsh
 * Troy Walters
 * John Ward
 * Lonnie Warwick
 * DeWayne Washington
 * Gene Washington
 * Harry Washington
 * Brandon Watts
 * Trae Waynes
 * J'Marcus Webb
 * Joe Webb
 * Kevin Webster
 * Tripp Welborne
 * Austin Wentworth
 * Charlie West
 * Ronnie West
 * Leonard Wheeler
 * Danta Whitaker
 * Ronyell Whitaker
 * Brad White
 * Ed White
 * James White
 * Sammy White
 * Jason Whittle
 * Jermaine Wiggins
 * Solomon Wilcots
 * Chuck Wiley
 * A.D. Williams
 * Ben Williams
 * Brian Williams
 * Jeff Williams
 * Jimmy Williams
 * Kevin Williams
 * Madieu Williams
 * Moe Williams
 * Pat Williams
 * Tank Williams
 * Tony Williams
 * Walt Williams
 * Troy Williamson
 * Lenny Willis
 * Antonio Wilson
 * Brett Wilson
 * David Wilson
 * Tommy Wilson
 * Wade Wilson
 * Wayne Wilson
 * Antoine Winfield
 * Carl Winfrey
 * Roy Winston
 * Phil Wise
 * Cory Withrow
 * James Wofford
 * Craig Wolfley
 * Jeff Womack
 * Kailee Wong
 * Mike Wood
 * Corey Wootton
 * Barry Word
 * Shawn Worthen
 * Fearon Wright
 * Felix Wright
 * Jarius Wright
 * Jeff Wright
 * Kenny Wright
 * Nate Wright
 * Ellis Wyms
 * Spergon Wynn

Y

 * Ray Yakavonis
 * Ron Yary
 * Max Yates
 * Albert Young
 * Jim Young
 * Rickey Young
 * Frank Youso

Z

 * Godfrey Zaunbrecher
 * Gary Zimmerman