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The Old Fairfax County Jail was built in 1885, behind the Fairfax County Court House. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1981, expanding the previously listed Fairfax County Court House. It is located in the City of Fairfax Historic District.

Uses
The building operated as a jail for 68 years, until 1953 when jail facilities were added to the courthouse. Since 1956 it has been used for various county offices such as juvenile court, fine board, police dispatch, and recreation.

Historic Documents
While being used for the County Clerk's Office (c. 1974), historically important documents were found in building such as two volumes of early 19th-century registrations of free blacks, as well as the wills of George and Martha Washington.

While George Washington's will remained in the Fairfax Courthouse during the Civil War, Martha's did not. When Union troops from the Ohio Volunteer Infantry occupied the building in 1862, Lt Col David Thompson picked up some papers in the building, and recognizing Martha Washington's will, and kept it. His daughter sold the will after his death to J. P. Morgan. Between 1908 and 1913, the Fairfax County Court Clerk and the Commonwealth's Attorney attempted to have the will returned, but were unsuccessful. After Morgan's death, the Falls Church chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution took up the effort with a letter to Morgan's son, requesting the will. The issue finally rose to the level of the Virginia General Assembly, Governor, Attorney General, Supreme Court, and the U.S Supreme Court. It was returned to Fairfax in 1915, when J. P. Morgan, Jr. decided not to fight the Supreme Court case that had been brought by Virginia.