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Built in 1905, the building was the original location of the National Bank of Fairfax. The bank was the only one in the town throughout the 20th century and played an important role in the economic development of the Town of Fairfax and Fairfax County.

Earlier Structures
The first structure on the site was probably Ratcliffe's Tavern, built by Richard Ratcliff. A second, larger, hotel was built on the property by 1805, known at various times as the Willcoxen Tavern, the Union Hotel, and the Fairfax Hotel. The hotel primarily served those visiting the Fairfax Courthouse, especially lawyers and judges working on the court circuit.