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July 9: Independence Day in Argentina (1816)
 * 1789 – French Revolution: The National Constituent Assembly was formed from the National Assembly, and began to function as a governing body and a drafter for a new constitution.
 * 1955 – The Russell-Einstein Manifesto, signed by Albert Einstein, Bertrand Russell (pictured) and nine other preeminent intellectuals and scientists, was issued during a press conference in London in the midst of the Cold War, calling for a conference where scientists would assess the dangers posed to the survival of humanity by weapons of mass destruction.
 * 1986 – The Parliament of New Zealand passed the Homosexual Law Reform Act, legalising consensual homosexual sex.
 * 2002 – The African Union was formed as a successor to the amalgamated African Economic Community and the Organization of African Unity, with President of South Africa Thabo Mbeki as its first chairman.

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