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Humanitarian Engineering

Definition
Encyclopedia Britannica defines humanitarian engineering as:"The application of engineering to improving the well-being of marginalized people and disadvantaged communities, usually in the developing world. Humanitarian engineering typically focuses on programs that are affordable, sustainable, and based on local resources. Projects are typically community-driven and cross-disciplinary, and they focus on finding simple solutions to basic needs (such as close access to clean water; adequate heat, shelter, and sanitation; and reliable pathways to markets)."

Etymology
The phrase, humanitarian engineering is the intersection between humanitarianism and engineering.

The word "Humanitarian" was coined around 1820, from the word "humanity", meaning mankind, combined with the suffix "-arian", meaning believer, or advocate of something. Initially, this word was used in a theological context, used to mean "affirming the humanity or human nature of Christ." However, starting around 1855, its usage in text began to change to its presently-used definition: "having regard for the broad interests of humanity."

The word engineer or engineering derives from the Latin word ingeniare, meaning "to create, generate, contrive, devise."

History
The existence of the phrase "humanitarian engineering" has only been somewhat commonplace since the early 2000's. In fact, the usage of the phrase "humanitarian engineering" practically does not exist in any professional literature from the 1800s to the year 2000.

However, the concept of utilizing engineering as a mechanism of promoting societal welfare has been something that has existed since the early days of the discipline. It was something that evolved out of the creation of an engineering code of ethics as well as the acceptance of a widespread engineering ethics as a whole. While initially, the notion of ethics was something meant to be a personal decision, over time, a general framework of what an engineer ought to do became established. The creation of organizations such as the National Society of Professional Engineers furthered this trend, as many such organizations began to adopt codes of ethics specifically meant to create a ethics framework for engineers. Within these codes of ethics, obligations that engineers have to society were explicitly stated including ideas like: "Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interest." This evolved into the creation of humanitarian engineering projects meant to promote such societal welfare. As a result, in the early days of the discipline, humanitarian engineering was really only an application of engineering ethics as well as something that was just a part of individual engineering disciplines.

As a discipline of study, though, it was around 2003, when the Colorado School of Mines created the first humanitarian engineering minor, that humanitarian engineering truly gained more recognition. Over time, as more and more universities have created programs explicitly for humanitarian engineering, it has grown more as a standalone discipline, rather than just an implicit part of general engineering discipline.

Relationships with Other Disciplines
Most engineering disciplines have a code of ethics that encourages working to improve the general welfare. For example: The Institute of Civil Engineers actively encourages the utilization of civil engineering in humanitarian work, calling it the "highest calling" of the occupation. Active work in the field has "range[d] from competence and safety in humanitarian engineering projects to case studies on refugee camps, disaster response, road building, footbridges, housing and environmental clean-up." Likewise, organizations for other disciplines such as Chemical Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering also encourage applying their respective disciplines for humanitarian engineering. This is coupled with the fact that many organizations, especially universities, conduct humanitarian engineering products utilizing skills from specific disciplines.

Projects
Here we will list huge projects that organizations/governments have done in the name of humanitarian engineering

Explain what they are, and the impact that they had on the populations.

Uses in Education
From the Original Article - edit this and add more stuff

Training for one who participates in humanitarian engineering incorporates history, politics, economics, sociology, language, as well as rigorous engineering basics. Several universities in the United States focus efforts on Humanitarian Engineering: Purdue University offers a concentration in Humanitarian Engineering within their Multidisciplinary Engineering Major. Penn State University integrates engineering design and research with a strong social entrepreneurship thrust. Colorado School of Mines as well as the Missouri University of Science & Technology offer Humanitarian Engineering as a minor. The Ohio State University, which also offers a minor in the field, has many local and international service projects, courses, and research in Humanitarian Engineering. Similarly, Oregon State University offers an undergraduate minor based on a set of Humanitarian Engineering, Science and Technology (HEST) courses including an international field course, as well as undergraduate and graduate research, capstone design projects with international partners, and a graduate fellowship program. Arizona State University offers a 3-course humanitarian engineering/entrepreneurship capstone as a part of the GlobalResolve program.

From this, we can add more organizations, or the general trend of teaching humanitarin engineering in schools.

Prominent Organizations
Engineers Without Borders: This organization is one that is split into multiple sub-chapters all across the world, where “The member groups of EWB-I share the mission to partner with disadvantaged communities to improve their quality of life through education and implementation of sustainable engineering projects, while promoting global dimensions of experience for engineers, engineering students, and similarly motivated non-engineers. EWB-I creates links between these like-minded organizations and cuts across national borders.”

Engineers Against Poverty: The organization states that "Engineers Against Poverty is an independent, lean organisation that bridges the divide between research, policy and practice. We work across different programmes that are different in nature. We maximise our impact by collaborating with strategic partners."

RedR: Formerly called "Register of Engineers for Disaster Relief," this organization strives to "develops the capacity of individuals and organisations who respond to humanitarian emergencies, offer opportunities to people to participate both directly and indirectly in humanitarian work, and support initiatives which improve humanitarian response."

Engineers for a Sustainable World: ESW is a nonprofit network that attempts to solve key sustainability problems through projects that include "a self contained living unit and design studio for mobile deployment in disaster relief areas, a prototype of an affordable solar-powered lamp for citizens of Haiti, and a hydroponic system for a local food pantry to produce low cost food for the community."

Engineering for Change: "E4C’s mission is to prepare, educate and activate the international engineering workforce to improve the quality of life of underserved communities around the world. We do this by providing resources and platforms that accelerate the development of impactful solutions and ensure public health and safety around the globe."

Prominent Journals

 * International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering: Humanitarian Engineering and Social Entrepreneurship (IJSLE)
 * Journal of Humanitarian Engineering - Engineers Without Borders Australia
 * The Engineer and The Development of His Immediate Environment; Engr. Ovens Ehimatie, C.E.O of WASARD Organisation
 * International Journal For Service Learning in Engineering