User:WormTT/Adopt/Since 10.28.2010

Hi Since 10.28.2010, and welcome to your adoption center. I've substituted across your first lesson and I thought you'd like to know that you do now have your own official page. As you can see from User:Worm That Turned/Adopt, I've created an adoption HQ, where you can read ahead in the lessons. I haven't finished them all as yet - the red linked ones are likely to change, but feel free to read ahead - it might help. The tests might include a couple of extra unique questions if I see an area that you might need a little extra development - don't take it as a negative, it should help. Also we now have a talk area for us to use, away from the more public areas - if you would like to use it - it's at User Talk:Worm That Turned/Adopt/Since 10.28.2010. Let me know if there's anything else you'd like to see.

The Five Pillars
One of the most important essays in Wikipedia is WP:FIVEPILLARS which is designed to eloquently sum up what we're here for. Once you get your head around these five pillars, you will be a Wikipedian and a good one at that. All 5 are covered in my adoption school, though at different lengths. Be aware that I don't know everything and I would doubt anyone who said they did.
 * Pillar one defines Wikipedia as an encyclopedia. It suggests some things that we are not. Thoughts about what we are not are covered in the deletion lesson.
 * Pillar two talks about neutrality, a concept that this lesson will be concentrating on.
 * Pillar three talks about free content. The Copyright lesson will go into this in more detail.
 * Pillar four talks about civility. Wikipedia is a collaborative working environment and nothing would ever get done if it wasn't. I'll go into civility more during the dispute resolution module.
 * Pillar five explains that Wikipedia does not have firm rules. This is a difficult concept and will be covered in the Policy and consensus lesson.

How articles should be written
The articles in Wikipedia are designed to represent the sum of human knowledge. Each article should be written from a neutral point of view - personal opinions such as right and wrong should never appear, nor should an editors experience. Neutrality also means giving due weight to the different points of view. If the broad scientific community has one set of opinions - then the minority opinion should not be shown. An example is in medicine - if there was an article on say treatment of a broken leg, a neutral article would not include anything on Homeopathy.

To ensure that the information in an article is correct, Wikipedia has adopted a policy of verifiability. Anything written in Wikipedia should be available to confirm by looking at the associated reliable source. Wikipedia should not include anything not verifiable by seeing it is published elsewhere, in other words it should not contain anything original.

Reliable sources
So what is a source? Wikipedia uses the word source for three interchangeable ideas - a piece of work, the work's creator or the work's publisher. In general, you would expect a reliable source to be published materials with a reliable publication process, authors who are regarded as authoritative in relation to the subject, or both. This doesn't mean that a source that is reliable on one topic is reliable on every topic, it must be regarded as authoritative in that topic - so whilst "Airfix monthly" may be a good source on the first model aeroplane, I would not expect it to be authoritative on their full size equivalent.

A source that is self-published is in general considered unreliable, unless it is published by a recognized expert in the field. This is a very rare exception - so self publishing is generally considered a no-no. This means that anything in a forum or a blog and even most websites are considered unreliable by default. One interesting sidepoint is on self-published sources talking about themselves. Obviously, a source talking about itself is going to be authoritative, but be careful that the source is not too self-serving - the article really should not be totally based on a direct source like that.

Mainstream news sources are generally considered notable... but any single article should be assessed on a case by case basis. Some news organizations have been known to check their information on Wikipedia - so be careful not to get into a cyclic sourcing issue!

There's a lot more about what makes a source reliable here

Questions?
Any questions or would you like to try the test?
 * So this is like in the form of lessons, then you test me? About how long does the average person need to finish the course? What happens after the course?  An  editor since 10.28.2010.  14:55, 20 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Generally, yep. Though Ryan might be doing it too. The tests are more to see if you are thinking "the right way", so don't worry too much about getting things right or wrong. When I designed the course, it was meant to be a module each week, but few people do that. It seems a module takes about half a day, including everything, but it all depends if people are on at the same time. The fastest someone has completed the course is about a week and half, otherwise it's about 3-4 weeks.
 * During the course, we'll also discuss your conduct and you as an editor in general, hopefully you'll learn some stuff. You'll be getting a few special barnstars (only for the select few, my private multiple barnstar :D) and depending on your progess we'll set you free into the wonderful world of wikipedia.  WormTT   &middot; &#32;(talk) 15:08, 20 July 2011 (UTC)
 * I will definitely look forward to the barnstars, as well as the course. Thank you again for adopting. regard  An  editor since 10.28.2010.  21:29, 26 July 2011 (UTC)

So do you have any questions on the lesson or are you ready for the test on the lesson now? Ryan Vesey Review me!  01:58, 27 July 2011 (UTC)
 * I'm ready, but it's going to have to wait about 12 hours, due to time zones (I'm in PDT).  An  editor since 10.28.2010.  06:34, 27 July 2011 (UTC)
 * That's alright, there's no rush - they aren't timed (except the final test - but we'll come to that later!)  WormTT   &middot; &#32;(talk) 07:52, 27 July 2011 (UTC)
 * How exactly do you time the final test? Just leave a comment when the time runs out?  An  editor since 10.28.2010.  03:53, 29 July 2011 (UTC)
 * It lasts a couple of days.  Ryan Vesey  Review me!  04:11, 29 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Ohhh. Sorry. I was thinking more like, mmm, maybe, like, umm, like, ahh, an hour? Like more...“essay-like”. Or... “class-like”. But I must not forget that this is the world wide web, and people live in different continents, not just cities. Mmm...  An   editor since 10.28.2010.  04:53, 29 July 2011 (UTC)

Five Pillars
This test is going to be based on questions. Some questions will have right or wrong answers, whereas others are just designed to see if you are thinking in the right way. There's no t time limit - answer in your own words and we'll talk about your answers.
 * I probably got most of them wrong, but here goes:

1) Q - You have just discovered from a friend that the new Ford Escort is only going to be available in blue. Can you add this to the Ford Escort article and why?
 * A - No; my friend is not a reliable source. You need a reliable source for all verifiable information per Wikipedia:Verifiability (shortcut: WP:SOURCE).

2) Q - A mainstream newspaper has published a cartoon which you see is clearly racist as part of an article. Can you include this as an example of racism on the newspaper's article? What about on the racism article?
 * A - Yes; a newspaper is a reliable source. No; a reference on Article: Racism is not the apropriate place to put it.
 * Is the cartoon is racist... you clearly see it is - is that enough?
 * Ohhhhkay. No; it is not enough, I cannot rely on my personal opinion.

3) Q - You find an journal article that shows that people in the state of Ohio eat more butternut squashes than anywhere in the world and ranks each of the United States by squashes per head. Interestingly you find another journal article that ranks baldness in the United States and they are almost identical! Can you include this information anywhere on Wikipedia? Perhaps the baldness WP article or the butternut squash WP article?
 * A - (Question: the article (bolded) is, external, or in Wikipedia?)
 * Sorry, clarification above
 * Yes; a journal is a reliable source. Yes; it may be included in both articles.
 * More specifically, the question is asking if you can include the information about the correlation that you found between butternut squash consumption and butternut squash baldness. Ryan Vesey  Review me!  04:17, 29 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Ooh, that's a tough one. Hmm... Umm... Ahh... I'm going to go with: No; you cannot include it.
 * Right, you cannot include it because you have synthesized the information. This is original research and cannot be included.  If you could find an expert who analyzed the data and published his findings to state that eating butternut caused baldness, you could include that information.  Ryan Vesey  Review me!  04:55, 29 July 2011 (UTC)
 * and

4) Q - Would you consider BBC news a reliable source on The Troubles? What about on ITV?
 * A - Yes; BBC is a reliable source. No; ITV is not a reliable source.
 * I meant, is the BBC a reliable source regarding ITV, but why do you think that ITV is not reliable? They have a news service
 * Television is not a reliable source. A print cast such as neswpaper, magazine, etc., is reliable. On ITV is not acceptable, but on ITN is acceptable.
 * What about a "transcription" of an TV interview? I'm curious to know why one media outlet is reliable and another isn't...  WormTT   &middot; &#32;(talk) 18:39, 29 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Transcripts are reliable; television programs are not.  An  editor since 10.28.2010.  19:02, 29 July 2011 (UTC)

5) Q - Would you consider Ben and Jerry's official Facebook page a reliable source?
 * A - No; a social networking site such as Facebook, Twitter, Myspace, or any other site is not a reliable source.
 * Unless! (you see, there's always a proviso) - Unless the site is "official" and there is no other official site to look at. Even then I'd be dubious...  WormTT   &middot; &#32;(talk) 18:39, 29 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Ohhhhkay.  An  editor since 10.28.2010.  19:03, 29 July 2011 (UTC)

6) Q - A "forum official" from the Daily Telegraph community forums comments on Daily Telegraph's stance on world hunger. Would this be a reliable source?
 * A - No; forums are usually not reliable. Yes; per WP:NEWSBLOG.
 * Interesting, a blog is different to a forum - There's no editorial control there, and a forum official may not be employed by the paper, just moderates the forum - is that a reliable source?
 * Sorry, confusion. No; a forum official is not reliable.
 * Yep. Though if you could argue there was editorial oversight there, you might have an argument for WP:NEWSBLOG - Would be interesting.  WormTT   &middot; &#32;(talk) 18:39, 29 July 2011 (UTC)
 *  An  editor since 10.28.2010.  19:03, 29 July 2011 (UTC)

7) Q - Would you have any problem with http://www.hopsandpips.com being used in a beer related article?
 * A - Yes; the site is or appears to be a beer-selling site, which is not approriate for an encylopedia.
 * This is a question with no definitive answer so both "yes" and "no" are accepted. This page about how beer is made could possibly be used to support information in an article.  They are certainly experts on the subject.  The argument for no is a strong one as well.  Whenever you are unsure about whether or not a source can be use or if there is a dispute on a source, you can bring it to Reliable sources/Noticeboard.  Ryan Vesey  Review me!  05:11, 29 July 2011 (UTC)
 * A lot of questions on wikipedia have no definitive answer - it's half the fun :D  WormTT   &middot; &#32;(talk) 18:39, 29 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Ohhhhkay. Didn't really come to Wikipedia to have “fun” (gee, whatever that is, right?) :)  An  editor since 10.28.2010.  19:02, 29 July 2011 (UTC)

8) Q - Would you have any issue with using the About Us page on Xerox as a source for the history section of the Xerox article?
 * A - (Question: Xerox, as in, external source, or, c Can you rephrase the question?)
 * Would you accept any information from this site - like history information or annual reports as "reliable"?
 * Please verify the link, as it leads to a “404 Error”. No; annual reports cannot be called “reliable”.
 * I'd disagree with this. (That doesn't mean you're wrong - the idea of these questions are to be thought provoking!) Although they may be biased, they will contain some factually information, which may not be available anywhere else. Care should definitely be taken though, due to the level of bias and the fact that they are primary sources.  WormTT   &middot; &#32;(talk) 18:39, 29 July 2011 (UTC)
 *  An  editor since 10.28.2010.  19:02, 29 July 2011 (UTC)

9) Q - Everybody knows that the sky is blue right? An editor doesn't agree - he says it is bronze, do you need a source?
 * A - Hmm... No; it is common sense and most reliable sources about “sky” can tell you that it is blue.
 * If you want to keep that information in, I could agree with you against the bronze, but what if another editor pipes up and says "but sometimes it's red" and another "it's black at night" and another "it's white where I live"... can you really just leave the fact in without a source?
 * Ohhhhkay. Something such as: “The sky is usually blue during daytime, however, it is sometimes black, red, or other colors. This is due to various weather conditions” or something. To answer your question: No; a source is needed, such as a photo, or newspaper or magazine reference.
 * This is a fairly difficult question. You may be interested in the essays You don't need to cite that the sky is blue and You do need to cite that the sky is blue.  Ryan Vesey  Review me!  04:17, 29 July 2011 (UTC)
 * So...did I get it right?  An  editor since 10.28.2010.  04:48, 29 July 2011 (UTC)
 * It depends who you ask. Personally, I say it is common knowledge and does not need to be sourced.  In discussions I have had with Worm That Turned, he has stated that basically if there is a dispute you should use a source to solidify your argument.  Ryan Vesey  Review me!  04:55, 29 July 2011 (UTC)
 *  An  editor since 10.28.2010.  04:59, 29 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Yep, Ryan has got it right, the important thing to remember is that the onus is on the person trying to include information to either show a source or consensus that no source is needed.  WormTT   &middot; &#32;(talk) 18:39, 29 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Ohhhhkay.  An  editor since 10.28.2010.  19:02, 29 July 2011 (UTC)

PS: Worm That Turned:  Thanks again,  An   editor since 10.28.2010.  03:47, 29 July 2011 (UTC)

Thanks RyanVesey.  An  editor since 10.28.2010.  04:48, 29 July 2011 (UTC)

Wikiquette
WP:Wikiquette - or the etiquette of Wikipedia is something that you may already be familiar with, depending how much reading around the different wikipedia pages you've made.

I'm just going to highlight some of the important Wikiquette items that you should try and remember. It may help you out.
 * Assume good faith - This is fundamental and I'll be going over it again in dispute resolution. Editors here are trying to improve the encyclopedia. Every single member of the community. EVERY ONE. If you read a comment or look at an edit and it seems wrong in some way, don't just jump straight in. Try and see it from the other editors point of view, remembering that they are trying to improve the encyclopedia.
 * Sign your talk posts with four tildas ~ . The software will stick your signature and timestamp in, allowing the correct attribution to your comment. I have a script that reminds you to do this if you think you'll forget.
 * Try and keep to threading, replying to comments by adding an additional indentation, represented by a colon, : . I cover more about this in my basics of markup language lesson - let me know if you'd like to take it. Talk pages should something like this - Have a read of WP:THREAD to see how this works.


 * Don't forget to assume good faith
 * There are a lot of policies and guidelines, which Wikipedians helpfully point you to with wikilinks. Their comments may seem brusque at first, but the linked document will explain their point much better than they may be able to.
 * Be polite, and treat others as you would want to be treated. For example, if someone nominated one of the articles you created for deletion, I'm sure you'd want to know about it, so if you are doing the nominating make sure you leave the article creator a notification.
 * Watch out for common mistakes.
 * Did I mention that you should assume good faith?
 * Comment on the edits. Not the editor. I'll cover this more in dispute resolution.

Questions
Any questions?
 * Thanks again for the barnstar (gee, only my second). No, I don't have anything to ask, so I guess we just go right on to this test? Thanks again,  An  editor since 10.28.2010.  21:00, 29 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Sure thing!

Test
Have a look at the conversation below: Well, the Passat lover clearly loves his Passat, but who is he replying to? In

1) Position A?
 * A - Freddie.
 * Incorrect, try looking at the example section above and see if you can figure out the right answer. Ryan Vesey  Review me!  22:17, 29 July 2011 (UTC)
 * I was also thinking Rod's Mate.
 * That answer is correct. You are always replying to the person above you who is one indent in from yours. Ryan Vesey  Review me!  22:32, 29 July 2011 (UTC)
 *  An  editor since 10.28.2010.  22:38, 29 July 2011 (UTC)

2) Position B?
 * A - Rod.
 * Correct<tt> </tt>Ryan Vesey  Review me!  22:17, 29 July 2011 (UTC)
 * again  An  editor since 10.28.2010.  22:27, 29 July 2011 (UTC)

3) An editor who has a low edit count seems awfully competent with templates. Should he be reported as a possible WP:SOCK?
 * A - No; a low edit count user cannot be reported as a sockpuppet just because of his major knowledge of templates (and/or coding). A sockpuppet is a person that abusively uses, edits, or manipulates from numerous and/or multiple IP addresses and/or accounts.
 * Any reasoning why?<tt> </tt>Ryan Vesey  Review me!  22:17, 29 July 2011 (UTC)
 * See above.  An  editor since 10.28.2010.  22:28, 29 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Yep, this is a classic example of assume good faith.<tt> </tt>Ryan Vesey  Review me!  22:32, 29 July 2011 (UTC)
 * again  An  editor since 10.28.2010.  22:38, 29 July 2011 (UTC)

So, is there a second part of the lesson test, or is this it? It seems pretty short with only three questions. Or is it in development? Thanks again,  An  editor since 10.28.2010.  22:39, 29 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Nope, it is a very short lesson. I would substitute the next one over for you, but Worm is in the middle of reworking it.  You could prepare yourself by doing a little reading at Non-free content, Non-free use rationale guideline, and the first three links that appear on this page.<tt>  </tt>Ryan Vesey  Review me!  22:45, 29 July 2011 (UTC)
 * subst away, I think it's ready. (unless you think it's missing something, in which case fix it!)  WormTT   &middot; &#32;(talk) 22:52, 29 July 2011 (UTC)

Copyright
Welcome to the lesson discussing Copyright. It's one of the most important lessons I teach, because not adhering to it can lead to a ban from Wikipedia. I'm hoping to take you back to basics and will be focusing on images. However, a lot of the same concepts apply to other media files and even text too! I'll mention a bit more about that at the end of the lesson.

Glossary
There are a lot of terms associated with copyright. If you are having trouble with any, here's a quick reference.

Image Copyright on Wikipedia
Ok, now if I use a term that's not in the glossary and I don't explain, feel free to slap me. Are you ready for this? Ok. Take a deep breath. You can do it.

Copyright is a serious problem on a free encyclopedia. To remain free, any work that is submitted must be released under the WP:CC-BY-SA License and the WP:GFDL. You can read the actual text under those links, but the gist is that you agree that everything you write on the encyclopedia can be shared, adapted or even sold and all you get in return is attribution.

So, there are basically two types of images on wikipedia.
 * 1) Free images
 * 2) Non-free images

Free images are those which can be freely used anywhere on Wikipedia. A free image may be either public domain, or released under a free license, such as CC-BY-SA. Free images can be used in any article where their presence would add value. As long as there is a consensus among the editors working on an article that the image is appropriate for the article, it's safe to say that it can remain in an article. Free images can even be modified and used elsewhere.

Non-free images, however, are subject to restrictions. Album covers and TV screenshots are two types of images that are typically non-free. They may belong to a person or organization who has not agreed to release them freely to the public, and there may be restrictions on how they are used. You have to meet ALL of Wikipedia's strict conditions in order to use them. (Non free content criteria)

In practise, if it comes out of your head - is entirely your own work, you have the right to make that release. If you got it from somewhere else, you don't. That doesn't mean it can't be used though. You can in these situations
 * If the work has already been released under a compatible or less restrictive license.
 * If the work is in the "public domain" - Very old items, 150 years is a good benchmark
 * If the work is not free in certain circumstances (Non free content criteria summary below, but actually a lot more detailed)
 * There must be no free equivalent
 * We must ensure that the owner will not lose out by us using the work
 * Use as little as possible (the smallest number of uses and the smallest part possible used)
 * Must have been published elsewhere first
 * Meets our general standards for content
 * Meets our specific standards for that area
 * Must be used. (we can't upload something under fair use and not use it)
 * Must be useful in context. This is a sticking point, if it's not actually adding to the article, it shouldn't be used.
 * Can only be used in article space
 * The image page must attribute the source, explain the fair use for each article it is used and display the correct tag

It's a lot, isn't it! Well, let's have a look at the non free stuff. I'm going to suggest two different images. One, a tabloid picture of celebrity actress Nicole Kidman, and the other, the cover of the album Jollification by the Lightning Seeds. The tabloid picture of Nicole Kidman will instantly fail #1, because there can be a free equivalent - anyone can take a picture of Nicole. The album cover on the other hand is unique - there's no free equivalent. It's discussed in the article too, so showing it will be useful in context (#8). The copy we show should be shrunk, so that it can't be used to create pirate copies (#2). I couldn't put it on my userpage though (or even here) (#9)

Get it? Well here are a few more examples.
 * I could upload a publicity picture of Eddie Izzard. Now, the photographer holds the copyright to that particular picture of the hilarious man. I can claim fair use, but the claim would be invalid because you could just as easily go to a performance Izzard is giving and take a picture of him yourself. (That's what happened here) The publicity picture is considered replaceable fair use and so would be deleted.
 * Person X could upload a picture of the Empire State Building from a marketing kit they distributed. This image would likely be copyrighted, and so they claim fair use. But I happen to have been to New York and have a picture of the ESB. I upload that instead and release it into the public domain. The first, copyrighted picture, is also replaceable.
 * For the article on the Monterey Bay Aquarium, I want to upload an image of their logo (visible in no great detail here). I go to their website and upload their version. This fair use is allowable, because no matter where or how they display their logo, it'll be under the same copyright. Since the simple art of scanning or taking a picture of a piece of work is not enough to justify my ownership of the rights to the image, there is no way to obtain a free version of the logo.

Commons
When people refer to Commons on wikipedia, they're generally referring to Wikimedia Commons, a repository of free material. Images on Commons can be linked directly to wikipedia, like that picture just to the right and above. Now, since commons is a free repository, fair use is not permitted. It makes sense to upload free images to commons, so that they can be used by all language encyclopedias.

Copyright and text
So you think you've got your head around copyright and how it applies to images? Well done. Let's see how it applies to text. All the principles are the same - you can only include text which has been released under CC-BY-SA. In fact, if you notice, every time you click edit, it says right there So you are in effect contributing every time you edit. Now, let's think about that non-free content criteria - "No free equivalent" means that you will never be able to license text under it (except for quoting) - as you can re-write it in your own words to create an equivalent. You always, always, always have to write things in your own words or make it VERY clear that you are not. Got it? Good.

Questions
This is a very complex topic, is there anything you don't understand? Now's a great time to ask about those weird situations.