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Wilhelm Steinitz, International Chess Magazine, July, 1891. http://www.chess.com/article/view/louis-paulsen-ii

1924 tournament ny reti brilliancy prize http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1030774

Controversy
Morell contributed to the book Rebuttal: The CIA Responds to the Senate Intelligence Committee's Study of Its Detention and Interrogation Program, published in September 2015. The book noted that Morell and his fellow contributors were "senior former CIA officials who all are deeply knowledgeable about the program."

Personal Life
Paulsen learned chess at an early age from his father, Dr. Paulsen, who was the strongest player in that part of the country.

Brother Ernst in US in 1849, Louis in 1854.

He played so well during his leisure hours, that he was invited to play against the best players in Chicago. In 1857 he entered the famous New York Chess Congress, the first in America. Paulsen finished with second prize, losing in the final match to Paul Morphy by 5 to 1 and two draws.

Left US prior to Civil War, arriving in England on 12 December.

In 1861 he won the chief prize in the Bristol, England, tournament,In the London Congress of 1862 Paulsen came out second. Adolf Anderssen being first. Later he entered the German national tournaments, and he generally came out a high prize winner. His greatest achievement in Germany was his victory in Leipzig, in 1877, when Anderssen won second prize, and Zukertort third. In match play, Paulsen defeated such masters as G. R. Neumann, Adolf Schwarz and Max Lange. Paulsen was also a leading blindfold chess player. In an obituary, Steinitz wrote "Herr Paulsen was a thoroughly straightforward and honest gentleman, and his modesty and unassuming manners made him popular among amateurs as well as experts."

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Wilfried Paulsen, Louis Paulsen's brother, was one of the leading German chess masters, sends the following...account of his last days to Deutsches Wochenschach: http://www.chess.com/article/view/louis-paulsen-ii

Louis Paulsen lived simply ; he did not smoke and only drank water—no spirits, coffee or tea. In March 1891 he suffered from influenza. (Louis Paulsen was engaged as a manager of an estate belonging to his brother Wilfried.) He came daily from Blomberg to his Wilfried's estate Nassengtund. In the beginning of May he had to keep to his room due to swollen feet.

The physician who viewed the body next day considered the probable cause of death diabetes mellitus, which generally ends with consumption.

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David Hooper and Kenneth Whyld, The Oxford Companion to Chess, 1996: http://www.chess.com/article/view/louis-paulsen

Paulsen discovered a larger number of opening ideas than any of his contemporaries. For the attack he contributed to the Scotch Game, the Goering Gambit, the Paulsen Attack, the Paulsen variations of the Vienna Game, and the Four Knights Opening. For the defence he discovered the Boleslavsky variation, the Paulsen Defence of the Kieseritzky Gambit, and the Paulsen Variation of the Sicilian Defence. He introduced the Pirc Defence and improved Black's chances in the Muzio Gambit and in several lines of the Sicilian Defence.

Because of the European potato blight in the 1840s and 50s, Louis, along with his brother Ernst and sister Amalie, emigrated to the United States, settling in Dubuque, Iowa, where they operated a distillery, raised tobacco and made cigars from 1854 to 1860. Louis was as much, or more, devoted to being a chess master, as he was to being a farmer. The scientific cultivation of potatoes was his famiy business of which Wilfried, as well as Louis and Ernst when they returned to Germany, shared responsibilities.

Leipzig 1877 chess tournament


 * {|class="wikitable"

! # !! Player !! Total
 * 1 || Louis Paulsen ||9
 * 2 || Adolf Anderssen ||8½
 * 3 || Johannes Hermann Zukertort /🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 England || 8½
 * 4 || 🇵🇱 Szymon Winawer (POL)/ Russian Empire || 7½
 * 5 || Carl Goering || 6
 * 5 || Karl Leffmann || 5
 * 6 || Emil Schallopp ||5
 * 7 || Berthold Englisch|| 5
 * 8 || Johannes Metger|| 3½
 * 10 || Ernst Flechsig ||2½
 * 11 || August Wilhelm Franke ||2½
 * 12 || Wilfried Paulsen || 2½
 * }
 * 6 || Emil Schallopp ||5
 * 7 || Berthold Englisch|| 5
 * 8 || Johannes Metger|| 3½
 * 10 || Ernst Flechsig ||2½
 * 11 || August Wilhelm Franke ||2½
 * 12 || Wilfried Paulsen || 2½
 * }
 * 11 || August Wilhelm Franke ||2½
 * 12 || Wilfried Paulsen || 2½
 * }
 * 12 || Wilfried Paulsen || 2½
 * }

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Louis Paulsen vs. Paul Morphy 1st American Chess Congress | 3 Nov 1857 | 0-1 Queen sacrifice by Morphy on move 17.

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bb5 Bc5 5. O-O O-O 6. Nxe5 Re8 7. Nxc6 dxc6 8. Bc4 b5 9. Be2 Nxe4 10. Nxe4 Rxe4 11. Bf3 Re6 12. c3 Qd3 13. b4 Bb6 14. a4 bxa4 15. Qxa4 Bd7 16. Ra2 Rae8 17. Qa6 Qxf3 !! 18. gxf3 Rg6+ 19. Kh1 Bh3 20. Rd1 Bg2+ 21. Kg1 Bxf3+ 22. Kf1 Bg2+ (22... Rg2 23. Qd3 Rxf2+ 24. Kg1 Rg2+ 25. Kh1 Rg1# ) 23. Kg1 Bh3+ 24. Kh1 Bxf2 25. Qf1 Bxf1 26. Rxf1 Re2 27. Ra1 Rh6 28. d4 Be3