User:Wrig36/Choose an Article

Article Selection
Please list articles that you're considering for your Wikipedia assignment below. Begin to critique these articles and find relevant sources.

Option 1
The social acceptance section outlines the attitudes people have towards the use of corporal punishment, but I believe this could be expanded to include more statistics/data to back up the claims made. This section includes a statement referenced to Murry Straus at University of New Hampshire, cited from Family Violence Against Children (Bussman et.al., 2011) about the decline in CP due to the shift from industrial to postindustrial economic system but gives no further explanation of what that even mean. I believe this could be expanded upon by including an explanation from Straus's research. I also found information from the World Health Organization providing more detailed statistics on corporal punishment around the world, including non-physical forms of punishment that are still proven to be harmful for children. The WHO also lists risk factors and effects of corporal/physical punishment which I believe are relevant to this article and should be included. I appreciate that this article mentions alternatives to corporal punishment, but to some it may seem a little out of the scope of an article that is supposed to be solely about CP. Some of the Alternative’s section does highlight why the American Academy of Pediatrics discourages this type of discipline which I believe to be relevant to the topic as a whole, but I would probably redo this section to focus more on the effects of CP with maybe a little information on alternatives, but keep the focus on the effects and outcomes of those who experience CP. The ”Law” portion does include a lot of important and relevant information but I believe this section needs some polishing and organization to make the read a little more succinct. There’s mention of the Minnesota Legislature and what their laws entail, but the article is lacking information from other jurisdictions which may help show the differences and/or similarities in how different states view and legislate CP. It would be too lengthy to detail every states outlook on CP, but it might be valuable to give a range of which states have the most vague or lenient laws, vs states who have very strict and clear laws on CP. The last portion, “In Schools,” is only two paragraphs. I think this can easily be expanded upon, including giving examples of specific or noteworthy cases about CP in schools. I think I can also find information on how rules, attitudes and application of CP differ in private vs public schools as well as a bit more history on the use of CP in schools and what has changed or remained the same over time. Majority of the claims in this article do have citations, I did find a few that led to broken links or Page Not Found destinations. I did not find this article to specifically tackle and underrepresented topic, but I am inclined to consider corporal punishment a topic that is misrepresented in some ways, especially as it relates to controversy across different generations. Gershoff, E. T., & Font, S. A. (2016). Corporal Punishment in U.S. Public Schools: Prevalence, Disparities in Use, and Status in State and Federal Policy. Social Policy Report, 30(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2379-3988.2016.tb00086.x World Health Organization. (2021, November 23). Corporal Punishment and Health. Www.who.int; World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/corporal-punishment-and-health
 * Corporal punishment of minors in the United States
 * Article Evaluation
 * The article gives a brief but somewhat comprehensive explanation of the definition of corporal punishment (CP) in the introduction, followed by details on the prevalence of the use of corporal punishment in the US. Included in the Prevalence section are statistics regarding how often and the methods in which corporal punishment are used and in what age groups it's more common, including boys being subjected to it more than girls.
 * The article gives a brief but somewhat comprehensive explanation of the definition of corporal punishment (CP) in the introduction, followed by details on the prevalence of the use of corporal punishment in the US. Included in the Prevalence section are statistics regarding how often and the methods in which corporal punishment are used and in what age groups it's more common, including boys being subjected to it more than girls.
 * The article gives a brief but somewhat comprehensive explanation of the definition of corporal punishment (CP) in the introduction, followed by details on the prevalence of the use of corporal punishment in the US. Included in the Prevalence section are statistics regarding how often and the methods in which corporal punishment are used and in what age groups it's more common, including boys being subjected to it more than girls.
 * Sources:Bussmann, Kai-D., Frehsee, D., & Horn, W. (2011). Family Violence Against Children : a Challenge for Society. De Gruyter.

Option 2
Capatosto, Victoria. 2023. “A Brief History of Civil Rights in the United States.” Library.law.howard.edu. Howard University. January 6, 2023. https://library.law.howard.edu/civilrightshistory/BLM. Canada, Public Safety. 2018. “Currently Listed Entities.” Www.publicsafety.gc.ca. December 21, 2018. https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/ntnl-scrt/cntr-trrrsm/lstd-ntts/crrnt-lstd-ntts-en.aspx#510. Heyes, Cressida. 2020. “Identity Politics (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy).” Stanford.edu. July 11, 2020. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/identity-politics/. Jones, Seth G. 2020. “Who Are Antifa, and Are They a Threat?” Www.csis.org. June 4, 2020. https://www.csis.org/analysis/who-are-antifa-and-are-they-threat. Sankaran, Sindhuja, Maciek Sekerdej, and Ulrich von Hecker. 2017. “The Role of Indian Caste Identity and Caste Inconsistent Norms on Status Representation.” Frontiers in Psychology 8 (487). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00487.
 * Article title
 * Identity politics
 * Article Evaluation
 * The introduction decently introduces readers to different identities people may be grouped into, or may identify themselves within. The last sentence of the introduction mentions “identity politics” as possibly being an “analytically imprecise concept,” cited to “Kruzwelly, Perez and Spiegel,” but doesn’t elude to the fact that theories from these 3 will be expanded upon and feels a bit clunky as the end sentence of the first paragraph to the introduction. I appreciate that the author(s) detail criticisms from both sides, which helps to balance the information and avoid a biased tone. Cited are criticisms of centre-right, far-left and more specifically socialists, anarchists, and Marxists. Although I do feel that certain adjectives like the use of “deeply” criticized, may come across as a lean in one direction of another. Most of the introductory paragraphs detail how different sides/groups view and/or identify identity politics and feels a bit involved for the beginning of a lengthy article.  There is a whole section for “debates and criticism” that seems a more appropriate place to expand on some on the content in the introduction. I appreciate that there is a wide array if representation under the examples category, but some of the examples have little to nothing written. India’s caste politics could most definitely be expanded upon here, even though this article links to “Caste Politics.” The NIH describes the Caste system as a social structure where your profession or other affiliated group, whether chosen, earned or “hereditary” has a measurable bearing on the way you are regarded, grouped, identified and given (or withheld) privileges, power or a voice based on where one falls within that hierarchy. (Sankaran, Sekerdej, and von Hecker 2017)  There are also some contemporary examples that I believe have had enough of a spotlight/attention that they are worth a mention. The Black Lives Matter movement, ANTIFA, the MAGA movement, “wokeness,” are all terms/groups/movements that have been used to play identity politics in some form or another may be of value to mention.  Black Lives Matter became more popular amongst mainstream media after the death of George Floyd, but the history of the movement goes back with the hashtag being used for the first time in 2013 after the wrongful death of Trayvon Martin. (Capatosto 2023) Movements against BLM, refer to it as a racist agenda meant to prop up some voices over others, and counter movements have been created such as, All Lives Matter, which some describe as “anti-identity identity politics,” according to Paul Joshua. (Heyes 2020) This “anti-identity” identity group formed to oppose the notion of the BLM movement.  According to Pew Research Center, tweets associated with Black Lives Matter are 72% in favor of the movement, and 11% in opposition and associate words like together, justice, and change are seen in support, while words like riot, assault, criminal and violent are used in opposition. (Atske 2023)  Reports and descriptions of the group coined ANTIFA (anti-fascists) I would argue is also associated with identity politics. ANTIFA associated “news” from right leaning sources use buzzwords like “rioting,” “looting,” and “violent,” depicting people in ski-masks, black clothing, and with weapons in hand. (Jones 2020)  Right leaning organizations may go so far as to call ANTIFA a “terrorist organization,” while left leaning sources say similar about Proud Boys, including Canada, who lists Proud Boys on their official list of public safety concerns, especially related to “political violence,” and “misogynistic, anti-immigrant, Islamophobic…” ideologies. (Canada 2018)  The majority of the cited sources seem reputable. #12 is missing a formal journal citation/DOI but does provide a link to the cited source.
 * Sources:Atske, Sara. 2023. “1. Ten Years of #BlackLivesMatter on Twitter.” Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech. June 29, 2023. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2023/06/29/ten-years-of-blacklivesmatter-on-twitter/.
 * Sources:Atske, Sara. 2023. “1. Ten Years of #BlackLivesMatter on Twitter.” Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech. June 29, 2023. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2023/06/29/ten-years-of-blacklivesmatter-on-twitter/.
 * Sources:Atske, Sara. 2023. “1. Ten Years of #BlackLivesMatter on Twitter.” Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech. June 29, 2023. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2023/06/29/ten-years-of-blacklivesmatter-on-twitter/.

Option 3
Lee, Brandy. 2019. “Structural Violence.” Violence, March, 123–42. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119240716.ch7. WILKINSON, RICHARD. 2006. “Why Is Violence More Common Where Inequality Is Greater?” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1036 (1): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1330.001.
 * Article title
 * Wealth inequality in the United States
 * Article Evaluation
 * The introduction is pretty solid in explaining the premise of wealth inequality and defining how it differs and relates to income inequality, which I believe a lot of people transpose to mean the same thing. I appreciate how the article details the eras of change in wealth inequality and how US compares to a few other developed nations. According to the NIH, “more unequal societies tend to be more violent,” which is a testament to how this relates to this class is as it relates to physical violence. (Wilkinson 2006) It could also be argued that wealth inequality is also part of structural violence that leads to physical violence. Exploring the path from structural violence to physical violence is something I believe would add value to this article. According to this same study by the NIH, it’s noted that physical violence from wealth inequality is not typically directed towards the wealthy, but towards other people of lower socioeconomic status. (Wilkinson 2006) This is believed to be by design, as according to University of Washington’s Dept. of Public Health, “we live within systems that are expressly designed to reinforce social disparities.” (“Global Health Justice: The Intersection of Religion and Structural Violence” 2023) Structural violence is arguably the biggest underlying cause of physical violence, as according to Bandy Lee, “Derivative forms include cultural, political, symbolic, and everyday violence. Structural violence is also the most potent stimulant of behavioral violence in the form of homicides, suicides, mass murders, and war.” (Lee 2019)  This article does a decent job at explaining wealth inequality, I appreciate the eras/times being broken down with data tables. The section on ways to reduce WE could probably be expanded upon. For instance, there is only 1 sentence under the stock buybacks portion. According to a 2019 study written by Harvard Law School of Governance, money spent on stock buybacks by corporations amounts to over 1.2 million in 2019. (He, Babcock, and Williamson 2020) This same study highlights the growing global issue of buybacks in the last 2 decades with particular emphasis put on this being a direct result of increasing wealth inequality.  The article does seem fairly neutral in tone and content and most citations seem from reputable sources. There are some from CNN, The Atlantic, Huffington Post but the cited information is peripheral, but still may pose a verifiability issue. Cited from these sources are quotes from financial experts as well as stats that are cited in more reputable places as noted within the articles.
 * Sources:“Global Health Justice: The Intersection of Religion and Structural Violence.” 2023. Global Health Justice. 2023. https://depts.washington.edu/globalhealthjustice/category/structural-violence/ . He, Allen, Ariel Fromer Babcock, and Sarah Keohane Williamson. 2020. “The Dangers of Buybacks: Mitigating Common Pitfalls.” The Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance. October 23, 2020. https://corpgov.law.harvard.edu/2020/10/23/the-dangers-of-buybacks-mitigating-common-pitfalls/.
 * The introduction is pretty solid in explaining the premise of wealth inequality and defining how it differs and relates to income inequality, which I believe a lot of people transpose to mean the same thing. I appreciate how the article details the eras of change in wealth inequality and how US compares to a few other developed nations. According to the NIH, “more unequal societies tend to be more violent,” which is a testament to how this relates to this class is as it relates to physical violence. (Wilkinson 2006) It could also be argued that wealth inequality is also part of structural violence that leads to physical violence. Exploring the path from structural violence to physical violence is something I believe would add value to this article. According to this same study by the NIH, it’s noted that physical violence from wealth inequality is not typically directed towards the wealthy, but towards other people of lower socioeconomic status. (Wilkinson 2006) This is believed to be by design, as according to University of Washington’s Dept. of Public Health, “we live within systems that are expressly designed to reinforce social disparities.” (“Global Health Justice: The Intersection of Religion and Structural Violence” 2023) Structural violence is arguably the biggest underlying cause of physical violence, as according to Bandy Lee, “Derivative forms include cultural, political, symbolic, and everyday violence. Structural violence is also the most potent stimulant of behavioral violence in the form of homicides, suicides, mass murders, and war.” (Lee 2019)  This article does a decent job at explaining wealth inequality, I appreciate the eras/times being broken down with data tables. The section on ways to reduce WE could probably be expanded upon. For instance, there is only 1 sentence under the stock buybacks portion. According to a 2019 study written by Harvard Law School of Governance, money spent on stock buybacks by corporations amounts to over 1.2 million in 2019. (He, Babcock, and Williamson 2020) This same study highlights the growing global issue of buybacks in the last 2 decades with particular emphasis put on this being a direct result of increasing wealth inequality.  The article does seem fairly neutral in tone and content and most citations seem from reputable sources. There are some from CNN, The Atlantic, Huffington Post but the cited information is peripheral, but still may pose a verifiability issue. Cited from these sources are quotes from financial experts as well as stats that are cited in more reputable places as noted within the articles.
 * Sources:“Global Health Justice: The Intersection of Religion and Structural Violence.” 2023. Global Health Justice. 2023. https://depts.washington.edu/globalhealthjustice/category/structural-violence/ . He, Allen, Ariel Fromer Babcock, and Sarah Keohane Williamson. 2020. “The Dangers of Buybacks: Mitigating Common Pitfalls.” The Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance. October 23, 2020. https://corpgov.law.harvard.edu/2020/10/23/the-dangers-of-buybacks-mitigating-common-pitfalls/.
 * Sources:“Global Health Justice: The Intersection of Religion and Structural Violence.” 2023. Global Health Justice. 2023. https://depts.washington.edu/globalhealthjustice/category/structural-violence/ . He, Allen, Ariel Fromer Babcock, and Sarah Keohane Williamson. 2020. “The Dangers of Buybacks: Mitigating Common Pitfalls.” The Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance. October 23, 2020. https://corpgov.law.harvard.edu/2020/10/23/the-dangers-of-buybacks-mitigating-common-pitfalls/.