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Knowledge Representation using Ontology and Semantic Web Technologies
Knowledge representation over the World Wide Web has become popular area of research and they may mainly focus on creation of shared information system and collaborative development. The main concern regarding the knowledge representation is the storing and manipulating them in order to be used in meaningful way to accomplish a given task with reusability. I doing so, it is considered that both Semantic web and ontology are closely related core elements of representation of knowledge in modern web. In philosophy, Ontology derived from the Greek words onto which means “being” and logia which means “ written” or “spoken discourse”. Ontology is a sub field of philosophy and also a study of nature of existence and a branch of metaphysics. It mainly concerns with identifying the real world objects and describing the concepts in the domain and their relationships that hold among those concepts. Objects are to be defined by means of classes and relationships are typically hierarchies of classes.

There are two types of ontologies i.e. Implicit Ontology and explicit. While implicit ontology encodes knowledge into software, explicit ontology facilitates reuse of knowledge. Web Ontology Language (OWL) is a W3C recommendation language for defining and instantiating web ontologies and their relationships. Therefore OWL also has facility to express meaning and semantics and the ability to represent machine interpretable content on the web. Therefore the web which represents knowledge that can be understood and processed by machine is known as semantic web. Therefore semantic web can be described as something beyond the document level. Knowledge sharing, ease of use and efficiency through reuse are described as main features. semantic web can basically be constructed on Extensible Markup Language which uses tagging facility to represent the content of the web page, on RDF(Resource Description Framework) which describes meanings of all terms in the document at the lower level. At the same time, there should be ontology language to model all entities and relationships in a coherent manner with reusability.