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Ralf Schwarzer (born 1943) is a Psychologist. He is a Professor Emeritus of Psychology at the Freie University of Berlin, Germany. His career has been marked by a dedication to the exploration of diverse psychological dimensions, including stress, coping mechanisms, social support, self-efficacy, well-being, positive psychology, and health behavior change. Notably, he has contributed to the field through the formulation of the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA), a theoretical framework in the realm of health behavior.

Biography
Schwarzer earned his Ph.D. in 1973 from Kiel University. His ascendancy to a Professor of Education position in 1974 in Schwäbisch-Gmünd, followed by similar appointments in 1976 in Aachen and, ultimately, as a Professor of Psychology in 1982 at Freie University Berlin.

Schwarzer embarked on sabbatical leaves, notably at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1985, and later in Los Angeles during 1990-1991. He assumed the role of Visiting Professor at The Chinese University of Hong Kong (1994-1995) and at York University, Canada, in 1998, where he merited the position of Adjunct Professor.

From 2011 to 2024, he was affiliated with the University of Social Sciences and Humanities (USWPS) in Wroclaw, Poland. Simultaneously, his scholarly pursuits extended to Australia, where from 2014 to 2017, he served as a part-time professor at the Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia.

Schwarzer co-founded three journals "Anxiety, Stress, and Coping: An International Journal," "Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie," and "Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being," where he currently serves as the Editor-in-Chief.

Honors and awards

 * John F. Diefenbaker Research Award by the Canada Council in 1995.
 * STAR Lifetime Career Award from the Stress and Anxiety Research Society (STAR) in 1999.
 * German Psychology Award (Deutscher Psychologiepreis) in 2007
 * Distinguished Scientific Contributions by the International Association of Applied Psychology (IAAP) in 2010.

Selected books

 * Schwarzer, R. (Ed.). (1990). Gesundheitspsychologie: Ein Lehrbuch [Health psychology: A textbook]. Göttingen: Hogrefe.
 * Schwarzer, R., & Wicklund, R. (Eds.). (1991). Anxiety and self-focused attention. Chur/London: Harwood Academic Publishers.
 * Schwarzer, R. (1992). Psychologie des Gesundheitsverhaltens [Psychology of health behaviors]. Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe.
 * Schwarzer, R. (Ed.). (1992). Self-efficacy: Thought control of action. Washington, DC: Hemisphere.
 * Schwarzer, R. (1993). Streß, Angst und Handlungsregulation [Stress, anxiety and action regulation] (3rd rev. ed.). Stuttgart, Germany: Kohlhammer.

Selected publications

 * Lippke, S., Ziegelmann, J. P., & Schwarzer, R. (2005). Stage-specific adoption and maintenance of physical activity: Testing a three-stage model. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 6, 585-603.
 * Luszczynska, A., Gutiérrez-Doña, B., & Schwarzer, R. (2005). General self-efficacy in various domains of human functioning: Evidence from five countries. International Journal of Psychology, 40(2), 80-89.
 * Luszczynska, A., Mohamed, N. E., & Schwarzer, R. (2005). Self-efficacy and social support predict benefit finding 12 months after cancer surgery: The mediating role of coping strategies. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 10, 365-375.
 * Luszczynska, A., Scholz, U., & Schwarzer, R. (2005). The general self-efficacy scale: Multicultural validation studies. The Journal of Psychology, 139(5), 439-457.
 * Luszczynska, A., & Schwarzer, R. (2005). Multidimensional health locus of control: Comments on the construct and its measurement. Journal of Health Psychology, 10(5), 633-642.
 * Renner, B., & Schwarzer, R. (2005). The motivation to eat a healthy diet: How intenders and nonintenders differ in terms of risk perception, outcome expectancies, self-efficacy, and nutrition behavior. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 36(1), 7-15.
 * Schwarzer, R. (2008). Modeling health behavior change: How to predict and modify the adoption and maintenance of health behaviors. Applied Psychology, 57, 1-29. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-0597.2007.00325.x
 * Scholz, U., Sniehotta, F. F., & Schwarzer, R. (2005). Predicting physical exercise in cardiac rehabilitation: The role of phase-specific self-efficacy beliefs. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 27, 135-151.
 * Luszczynska, A & Schwarzer, R.. (2015). Social-cognitive theory. In M. Conner, & P. Norman (Eds.). Predicting health behaviours (pp.225-251). 3rd edition. Maidenhead, UK:  McGraw Hill Open University Press. ISBN-10: 033526378X   ISBN-13: 978-0335263783
 * Schwarzer, R. & Luszczynska, A. (2015). Health Action Process Approach. In M. Conner, & P. Norman (Eds.), Predicting health behaviours (pp.252-278). 3rd edition. Maidenhead, UK:  McGraw Hill Open University Press.
 * Rosas, R., Pimenta, F., Leal, I. &, Schwarzer, R. (2020). FOODLITPRO: Conceptual and empirical development of the food literacy wheel. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 72 (1), 99-111. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2020.1762547
 * Lopes, S. L., Ferreira, A. I., Prada, R., & Schwarzer, R. (2023). Social robots as health promoting agents: an application of the Health Action Process Approach to human-robot interaction at the workplace. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2023.103124
 * Lorbeer, N., Knoll, N., Keller, J., Domke, A., Di Maio S., Armbrecht, G., Börst, H., Martus, P., Ertel, W., & Schwarzer, R. (2023). Enhancing physical activity and reducing symptoms of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled trial of the PrevOP-Psychological Adherence Program. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 24, 550. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-023-06661-x