User:Ww2censor/Paquebot

Paquebot
Paquebot is a postal history term used to describe the cancelletions or postal marking applied by a postal authority to whom mail posted at sea on packet boats has been delivered for further transportation. The word derives from the French version of "packet boat".

It is part of the wider transportation based topic of maritime mail that covers all ship related subjects that include the precursors of paquebot mail, such as, ship letters and transatlantic mail. The paquebot period extended from the end of the 19th century until the mid-20th century when airmail started to become established. Most modern paquebot cencelletions are "philetalic" in nature rather than being commercial uses.

History
In 1897 the Universal Postal Union defined letters posted on board ship, at sea, or in port, as paquebot mail.

References and sources

 * Notes


 * Sources
 * Hosking, Roger, M.A., Paquebot Cancellations of the World, published by author, Surrey, England, 1977

Postal treaty/convention
History of the French Consulate Saint John de Crèvecoeur, First Consul General in New York John de Crèvecoeur, who was born in 1735 in Caen, had acquired a first-class knowledge of America by the time he was appointed Consul General of France in New York on August 24, 1783. He signed up as a cadet with French colonial troops in Canada where he was a cartographer, was evacuated to New York in 1759 after being wounded and was employed as a surveyor before settling down in Philadelphia to farm. About that time he changed his name to John Hector Saint John and was naturalized in the colony of New York in 1764. In 1769 he married Mehitable Tippet who bore him three children. He lived on Pinehill estate in Orange County, was imprisoned by the British in New York from the end of 1778 to September 1779 and then returned to France after his release. The Marquis de Turgot, brother of Louis XVI’s minister, introduced him to Buffon, d’Alembert and Benjamin Franklin at the literary salon of Madame d’Houdetot. He also introduced him to Marshal de Castries, Minister for the Navy, who put him at the top of the consuls’ list for the United States. Saint John de Crèvecoeur took up his post in New York on November 17, 1783 and stayed for two terms, the first until June 1785 and the second from May 1787 to May 1790. One of his duties was to establish a packet service between Lorient and New York and prepare a postal treaty between the two countries. He died in Sarcelles on November 12, 1813.


 * In 1846 a postal treaty was negotiated with England. US constitution postal treaty under the clause to: To establish Post Offices and post Roads
 * State of the Union Address by Zachary Taylor
 * Postage info at Bouvier's Law Dictionary, 1856 Edition - Letter P
 * An Autobiography by Anthony Trollope Vol 1 Vol 2
 * Before the GPU/UPU RPSL The Evolution of the Postal Service in the Era of the UPU

The epoch in which the GPU/UPU was born was a startling period in the annals of mankind. It was an age of great political, social and economic upheaval and change; a period of the scientific man, par excellence. And in this period, the political world saw some startling events: the Franco-German War, German Unification in 1871, Italian Unification in 1861, the US Civil War, the introduction of "Dominion Status" and other forms of home rule within the British Empire, the opening of Japan and China to the rest of the world, the establishment of the Kingdom of Hungary within the Austrian Empire - to name a few. Economic events which shrank the size of the world included: the extensive network of railways, decreasing time to transit the oceans with steamers, the Latin Monetary Union of 18651, the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 and some of the largest migrations of people, around the globe, ever recorded.

RPSL Brazilian Mail To Foreign Destinations: from Correio-Mor to UPU These organized sailing companies often had close ties with the various nations for which they provided transport and postal services, many of the formal postal agreement that Brazil, signed with other nations during 1850-1875 period were intended to strengthen the capacity of these navigation companies to maintain their routes. The first agreement was signed with England in 1853, followed by the one with France in 1860, and then by a number of agreements during the next 15 years.

The world development of the postal communications grew so rapidly, between 1840 arid 1873 that several countries tried, for the first time, to create a multinational organism to regulate postal activities. In 1874, the General Postal Union was underwritten by 22 countries and codified as the Berne Agreement, which Brazil joined in 1.07.1877. This led to a substantial reduction in maritime postal rates, compared to the rates previously in force from the bilateral postal conventions developed between individual nations.

On 1.06.1878, the world community took another step forward when 32 countries signed up to a new agreement known as the 'Universal Postal Union'. The UPU led to a further reduction in maritime rates, and Brazil has applied UPU norms and regulations since 1.04.1879.

22 nations sign GPU agreement 1874 Twenty-two nations sign a treaty in Bern establishing the General Postal Union, later the Universal Postal Convention, which sets procedures for the exchange of international mail.

British Postal Museum & Archive convention search result

National Postal Museum Pre UPU treaty info How does a letter get from here to Timbuktu? Before 1874 the United States would have to negotiate a postal treaty with Mali to send and receive mail. You might also have been required to put foreign stamps on your letter for all of the countries through which the mail might pass. But today it is easy. All you have to do is apply adequate postage using U.S. stamps, and your letter can be posted to any of the 190 member countries of the Universal Postal Union.