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oman

This article is about the Imamate of Oman. For the adjacent historical confederation named Trucial Oman, see Trucial States. For other uses, see Oman (disambiguation). Not to be confused with Amman, which has a similar spelling in Arabic as Oman. Coordinates: 21°N 57°E

Sultanate of Oman سلطنة عُمان (Arabic) Salṭanat ʻUmān Flag of Oman Flag National emblem of Oman National emblem Anthem: نشيد السلام السلطاني "as-Salām as-Sultānī" "Sultanic Salutation" 1:54 Location of Oman in the Arabian Peninsula (dark green) Location of Oman in the Arabian Peninsula (dark green) Capital and largest city Muscat 23°35′20″N 58°24′30″E Official languages	Arabic[1] Religion	85.9% Islam (Official) 6.5% Christianity 5.5% Hinduism 1% others Demonym(s)	Omani Government	Unitary Islamic absolute monarchy • Sultan Haitham bin Tariq • Crown Prince Theyazin bin Haitham Legislature	Council of Oman • Upper house Council of State (Majlis al-Dawla) • Lower house Consultative Assembly (Majlis al-Shura) Establishment • The Azd tribe migration 130 • Al-Julanda 629 • Imamate established[2] 751 • Nabhani dynasty 1154 • Portuguese rule 1507–1656 • Yaruba dynasty 1624 • Al Said dynasty 1744 • Muscat and Oman 8 January 1856 • Jebel Akhdar War 1954–1959 • Dhofar Rebellion 9 June 1965 – 11 December 1975 • Sultanate of Oman 9 August 1970 • Admitted to the United Nations 7 October 1971 • Current constitution 6 January 2021[3] Area • Total 309,500 km2 (119,500 sq mi) (70th) • Water (%) negligible Population • 2021 estimate 4,520,471[4][5] (125th) • 2010 census 2,773,479[6] • Density 15/km2 (38.8/sq mi) (177th) GDP (PPP)	2022 estimate • Total $165.947 billion[7] (78th) • Per capita $35,286 (71st) GDP (nominal)	2022 estimate • Total $110.127 billion[8] (66th) • Per capita $23,416 (55th) Gini (2018)	30.75[9] medium HDI (2021)	Decrease 0.816[10] very high · 54th Currency	Omani rial (OMR) Time zone	UTC+4 (GST) Date format	dd.mm.yyyy Driving side	right Calling code	+968 ISO 3166 code	OM Internet TLD	.om, عمان. Website www.oman.om Oman (/oʊˈmɑːn/ (listen) oh-MAHN; Arabic: عُمَان ʿUmān [ʕʊˈmaːn]), officially the Sultanate of Oman (Arabic: سلْطنةُ عُمان Salṭanat(u) ʻUmān), is an Arabian country located in southwestern Asia. It is situated on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, and spans the mouth of the Persian Gulf. Oman shares land borders with Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen, while sharing maritime borders with Iran and Pakistan. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the southeast, and the Gulf of Oman on the northeast. The Madha and Musandam exclaves are surrounded by the United Arab Emirates on their land borders, with the Strait of Hormuz (which it shares with Iran) and the Gulf of Oman forming Musandam's coastal boundaries. Muscat is the nation's capital and largest city.

From the 17th century, the Omani Sultanate was an empire, vying with the Portuguese and British empires for influence in the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean. At its peak in the 19th century, Omani influence or control extended across the Strait of Hormuz to modern-day Iran, and Pakistan, and as far south as Zanzibar.[11] When its power declined in the 20th century, the sultanate came under the influence of the United Kingdom. For over 300 years, the relations built between the two empires were based on mutual benefit. The UK recognized Oman's geographical importance as a trading hub that secured their trading lanes in the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean and protected their empire in the Indian sub-continent. Historically, Muscat was the principal trading port of the Persian Gulf region.

Sultan Qaboos bin Said was the hereditary leader of the country which is an absolute monarchy, from 1970 until his death on 10 January 2020.[12] According to the rules for succession to the sultanic throne of Oman, the son of the Sultan is usually announced as the new monarch. Sultan Qaboos bin Said did not have any children. The sultanic family announced that Qaboos bin Said had named his cousin, Haitham bin Tariq, as his successor in a letter, and the family confirmed him as the new Sultan of Oman.[13]

Formerly a maritime empire, Oman is the oldest continuously independent state in the Arab world.[14][15] It is a member of the United Nations, the Arab League, the Gulf Cooperation Council, the Non-Aligned Movement and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. It has oil reserves ranked 22nd globally.[14][16] In 2010, the United Nations Development Programme ranked Oman as the most improved nation in the world in terms of development during the preceding 40 years.[17] A portion of its economy involves tourism and trading fish, dates and other agricultural produce. Oman is categorized as a high-income economy and, as of 2022, ranks as the 64th most peaceful country in the world according to the Global Peace Index.[18] <!-- EDIT BELOW THIS LINE --