User:XG310bc/Hemp protein

Hemp protein is a plant-derived protein from the cannabis plant and is isolated from hempseeds (a type of nut). 25% of hempseed composition is protein which is made up of two highly digestible globular types of proteins, edestin (60–80%) and 2S albumin, with edestin also being rich in the essential amino acids. Table 2 shows the values of the amino acids found in hemp protein isolate (HPI).

Dehulled hemp seeds (also known as hemp nuts, hemp kernels or hemp hearts) have a PDCAAS score of 0.66 (the limiting amino acid being lysine, with a digestibility of 92.1%). Observations of limiting enzymatic hydrolysis elicited by trypsin in a controlled environment have shown an increase in hemp protein isolate (HPI) solubility at various pH and a notable decrease in the recorded emulsifying activity index.

Applications in Health
Hemp protein hydrolysates have been found to inhibit enzymes responsible for hypertension.

Hemp Protein Extraction
There are two common practices for the isolation of plant protein, isoelectric precipitation (alkaline extraction), and micellization

Isoelectric precipitation extraction starts at an alkaline pH that is later adjusted to the isoelectric point (point where pH is zero) where the protein is precipitated and isolated. This produces a higher protein yield compared to the other methods, however, because it is precipitated at the the isoelectric point it co-extracts phenols that give the protein a green-color and an unpleasant flavor. Despite this process being inexpensive, sample preparation requires a defatting process involving large amounts of water and organic solvents leading to waste water and toxic reactive species impacting the environment.

Micellization does not require organic solvents in the defatting process but instead uses surfactants and hydrophobic micelles to dissolve the hempseeds.