User:XianSH/Surgical instrument/Bibliography

History

 * 1) Because this article provides lots of details about the year and inventors of the surgical instruments, I will use it mainly for the who and when information gap of the history section
 * 2) nyamhistorymed. “Surgical Instruments.” Books, Health and History, nyamcenterforhistory.org/tag/surgical-instruments/. Accessed 5 Nov. 2022.
 * 3) In the 1900s, inventions of both antiseptic and aseptic surgeries brought surgery to another level in history. Going beyond the operation room that combat germs in antiseptic surgery, Aseptic surgery aimed at creating no germ surgery, led to the sale and use of instrument sterilizers, of sterile gauze and cotton, and most especially of instruments designed to be readily and effectively sterilized, as well as inexpensively made. Thus metal soon replaced the wooden and ivory handles of surgical instruments. For safety and comfort concerns, the tools are made with as fewer pieces as possible.
 * 4) I will use this article to provide information as a background or introduction to the history section. The difference between antiseptic surrey and aseptic can give the readers an overview idea of how the invention of surgical instruments goes along with the expectation for safer and more successful operations.
 * 5) Edmonson, James M. "Instruments and Instrument Makers." The Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of the American Enlightenment, edited by Mark Spencer, Bloomsbury, 1st edition, 2014. Credo Reference, https://proxy.library.georgetown.edu/login?url=https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/bloome/instruments_and_instrument_makers/0?institutionId=702 . Accessed 05 Nov. 2022.
 * 6) In commerce, weights and measures, as well as scales and balances, where needed, while in medicine and surgery, instruments became more important over time. Science, technology, and medicine, which are hallmarks of modern life, developed in dramatic fashion during the American Enlightenment. A lot of its roots can be traced back to the work of instrument makers, as well as the tools they created. The instruments they gave their contemporaries improved their ability to see, navigate, measure, and understand their world and even the celestial wonders.
 * 7) This article gives a timeline or recap of the development of surgical instruments on geographical and career lenses, so I will use it to add a larger/wider scale perspective to the history/development of surgical instruments
 * 8) El-Sedfy, Abraham, and Chamberlain, Ronald S, MD,M.P.A., F.A.C.S. "Surgeons and their Tools: A History of Surgical Instruments and their Innovators-Part I: Place the Scissors on the Mayo Stand." The American Surgeon 80.11 (2014): 1089-92. ProQuest. Web. 5 Nov. 2022.
 * 9) Dr.William Worrall Mayo and his two sons, Drs. William James and Charles Horace Mayo established the Mayo clinic which started a medical dynasty. The Mayo scissors have semi-blunt ends and are either straight or cure-bladed (straight uses for cutting tissue near wounds and curves are used for cutting thick tissue). Myron Metzenbaum was credited for the invention of Metzenbaum scissors which are widely used for tonsillectomy  (the surgical removal of the tonsils). The lighter and longer handle allows it to be used in tighter operating fields.
 * 10) El-Sedfy, Abraham, and Chamberlain, Ronald S, MD,M.P.A., F.A.C.S. "Surgeons and their Tools: A History of Surgical Instruments and their Innovators-Part II: The Surgeon's Wand-Evolution from Knife to Scalpel to Electrocautery." The American Surgeon 80.12 (2014): 1196-200. ProQuest. Web. 5 Nov. 2022.
 * 11) Primitive knives are made of perishable materials such as sharp leaf margins or bamboo. After the dark ages, Muslims and later European countries started to develop cutting surgical instruments - scalpels. In 1905, King Gillette developed a double-edged sagey razor blader. MorganParker later developed and patented a two-piece scalpel comprised of an overlapping blade locked into a metal handle that allows for easily replacing dull/used bladers with fresh sterile bladers. After knowing heat can control bleeding in the sixth-century bc, it was not until the 18th century, people started to use electricity to generate heat for cautery, Morton(1881) was an example. Joseph Rivere, a parison physician used the electrical current to treat a benign carcinomatous ulcer on the dorsum of his patient's hand. This led to the invention of diathermy to treat lesions as well as the coagulation of vascular tumors and hemorrhoids. William T. Bovie later proposed the use of different current dor cutting vs coagulation. Dr. Harvey Cushing devised and introduced the first anesthesia record for intraoperative patient monitoring after witnessing the death of a patient. After a couple of years, the collaboration “spark” between Bovie and Cushing led to the birth of “Bovie”, a diathermy apparatus. It allows for careful dissection of tissue while achieving hemostasis.
 * 12) This article discusses the evolution from Knife to Scalpel to Electrocautery. Same as with the previous source, I will credit the people mentioned in the article and describes the chronological development of the scalpel.
 * 13) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1448951/
 * 14) ( https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237004609_Radiofrequency_energy_in_surgery_State_of_the_art (8))
 * 15) karl franz
 * 16) El-Sedfy, Abraham, and Chamberlain, Ronald S, M.D., M.P.A. "Surgeons, and their Tools: A History of Surgical Instruments and their Innovators. Part III: The Medical Student's Best Friend-Retractors." The American Surgeon 81.1 (2015): 16-8. ProQuest. Web. 5 Nov. 2022.
 * 17) During the Renaissance, retractors were lacking and the hooked fingers of surgeons supplied the necessary retraction of tissue exploration. This article discusses retractors that open and expose a large wound or deep space. Albucasis was a Muslim surgeon who devised numerous hooks for surgical retraction including circumcisions, tracheotomies, hemorrhoidectomies, and central extractions. Doyen and Jackson were the first to use auto-static, self-retaining retractors, facilitating the completion of technically difficult surgeries by    providing improved exposure. Nicholas Senn was known for inventing the Senn retractor, a double-ended retractor often used in plastic or vascular surgery procedures that has an end of three bent prongs that may be dull or sharp. Franz Weitlaner (1872 to 1944) invented the Weitlaner retractor, which was inspired by the flaws of Broz Wound-Dilator and influenced by Jules-E´milePe´an’sclamo design. It is a self-retaining, finger ring retractor with a cam ratchet lock used for holding back tissue and exposing a surgical site that allows the surgeon to activate using a single hand. More retractors, Adson-Beckman retractors for general surgery, Chung retractors for orthopedic surgery, and more are inspired.
 * 18) I will use this page to provide information about retractors and inventors of retractors.
 * 19) albucasis book
 * 20) weitlaner retractor
 * 21) history of forcep
 * 22) keilland
 * 23) El-Sedfy, Abraham, and Chamberlain, Ronald S, M.D., M.P.A. "Surgeons, and their Tools: A History of Surgical Instruments and their Innovators. Part IV: Pass Me the Forceps." The American Surgeon 81.2 (2015): 124-7. ProQuest. Web. 5 Nov. 2022.
 * 24) Micahel Ellis DeBakey, who invented modern cardiac and peripheral vascular surgery, led to the development of the Dacron aortic graft for the repair of aortic aneurysms. Among hundreds of surgical devices, get unvetted the vascular atraumatic forceps (DeBakey) was widely used for grasping vascular tissue and causing minimal damage to the vessels. Alfred Washington Adson, a pioneer in neuroscience at mayo clinic was known for Adson forceps that allow the lifting and removal of neural tissue.
 * 25) Forceps are tools used to grasp, hold or retract tissue. It can be classified into clamps or hemostats for different purposes. This source will be used to supplement the inventor section of the Wikipedia page.
 * 26) El-Sedfy, Abraham, and Chamberlain, Ronald S, M.D., M.P.A. "Surgeons and their Tools: A History of Surgical Instruments and their Innovators. Part V: Pass Me the Hemostat/Clamp." The American Surgeon 81.3 (2015): 232-8. ProQuest. Web. 5 Nov. 2022.
 * 27) Dr.WilliamWelch and William Stewart Halsted together contribute to the invention of clamps and mosquito hemostats. Halsted made a significant contribution to radical mastectomies as a treatment for breast cancer, parathyroid transplantation, use of plates and screws for bone fractures. And even the introduction of surgical gloves and the invention of the mosquito clamp. George Washington Crile later brought animal studies to the table of medical research and recommended rapid fluid resuscitation was the best initial treatment for shock and adrenaline can treat cardiac arrest. Emil Theodor Kocher was remembered for his contribution to thyroidectomies and decompressive craniotomy. His invention of the Kocher clamp decreases the risk of contamination during the operation of cutting dense tissue. Howard Atwood Kelly widely used the Kelly clamp which is similar to Crile but has half-serrated jaws. He is also a women's rights advocate and cements the field of obstetrics and gynecology as a unique field among the other surgical specialties. Oscar Huntington Allis was known for his novel treatment of his dislocations and Allis sign, which reveals relaxation of the fascia between the iliac crest and the greater trochanter on palpation
 * 28) I would create subheaders for each inventor mentioned here to a subsection called “inventors of surgical instruments”.
 * 29) history hemostat
 * 30) Eugene Koeberle
 * 31) Kelly hemostat

Classification

 * 1) Commonly used surgical instrument https://www.facs.org/media/wgcmalet/common_surgical_instruments_module.pdf)
 * 2) This article talks about usage/functions of commonly used surgical instruments. Examples and photos of examples are provided as well.
 * 3) I will use this information to supply the classification subsection of the article.
 * 4) energy

=== terminology ===


 * 1) interchangeable use