User:XtraJovial/223 series expansion

Design
The design of the 223 series is based on that of the 221 series. Its design was also the basis for other JR West train types, including the 125 series and the 521 series.

Since the mid-2010s, end cars have been fitted with safety fences.

Variants

 *  series: 4-car sets primarily operated on Kansai Airport/Hanwa Line services since 1994
 *  series: 4/8-car sets primarily operated on Tokaido Main Line services since 1995
 *  series: 4/6/8-car sets primarily operated on Tokaido Main Line services since 1999
 *  series: 4-car sets primarily operated on Kansai Airport/Hanwa Line services since 1999
 *  series: 2-car sets
 *  series: 2-car sets operated on Fukuchiyama Line services since 2008
 *  series: sets converted from sets from 2008

223-0 and 223-2500 series
The 223-0 series (223系0番台) and 223-2500 series (223系2500番台) fleets are allocated at Hineno and Kyoto (some series sets only) depots, of which 140 cars were built.

The series fleet was originally formed of nine 6-car sets and seven 2-car sets, but from 1999, they were converted to 5- and 3-car sets and were eventually unified to 4-car formations with the introduction of the Direct Rapid Service on the Hanwa Line and Osaka Loop Line from 15 March 2008.

The series fleet was procured from 1999, built to similar specifications of the  series fleet also being procured at the time. However, their seating arrangement and performance specifications match those of the original 223 series sets.

Specifications
Passenger accommodation consists of 1+2 abreast seating throughout. The aisles are 1150 mm wide, a 350 mm increase over those of the 221 series. The wide aisles were intended to allow passengers carry large luggage more easily. The series sets were built with squat toilets, and the  series cars were built with universal access toilets.

223-0 series introduction
The first generation of 223 series was developed in anticipation for the opening of Kansai International Airport, operating primarily on Kansai Airport and Kishuji rapid services on the Kansai Airport Line and Osaka Loop Line, via the Hanwa Line. Nine 6-car sets and seven 2-car sets were built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries and Kinki Sharyo between 1993 and 1994. The series is a recipient of the 1994 Good Design Award.

Seven KuMoHa 223-100 cars were fitted with luggage compartments in 1996, but they have since been removed.

223-2500 series introduction
Four 223-2500 series (223系2500番台) end cars were built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries in 1999, as part of the initial order of series sets. This order was used to form two 5-car sets that each incorporated three former series intermediate cars, as well as to aid in converting the  series 2- and 6-car sets to 3- and 5-car sets. The 5-car sets were numbered E801–E809, and the 3-car sets were numbered E851–E859.

Eight additional cars (a 5-car set and a 3-car set) were delivered in 2006.

Direct Rapid Service introduction
Between 2007 and 2008, sixty series cars were procured to unify the Hineno-allocated 223 series fleet to 4-car sets,  coinciding with the introduction of Direct Rapid Service trains on the Hanwa and Osaka Loop lines. The first Direct Rapid Service trains were introduced at the start of JR West's 15 March 2008 timetable revision.

The existing 20 sets were renumbered from E801–E810 (5-car sets) and E851–E860 (3-car sets) to E401–E420, and 15 new sets were introduced: E421–E435. Sets E421, E424, E425, E434, and E435 were formed entirely of new-build cars.

At some point, these sets' number prefixes were changed from "E" to "HE".

Refurbishment and reallocation
JR West began refurbishing the series fleet in 2018. Changes include integrated LED light clusters incorporating headlights, taillights, and foglights; full-colour LED destination displays; internal LED lighting; and an updated interior similar to that of the 225 series. two sets – HE412 and HE414 – have yet to be refurbished.

In 2019, series set HE429 was refurbished to a similar specification to the refurbished 0 subseries fleet.

In March 2022, series sets HE419 and HE420 were reallocated from Hineno Depot to Kyoto Depot to operate on services on the Kosei Line. They were renumbered R51 and R52 respectively. six more series sets have been reallocated to Kyoto. The reallocated fleet began operation on the Kosei Line and Sagano Line on 18 March 2023.

223-1000 series
The 223-1000 series (223系1000番台) was introduced in 1995...

Refurbishment
Filler text

The first refurbished set, four-car set V5, returned to service in late September 2019.

"A-Seat" implementation
In 2019, the KuHa end cars of sets V3 and V4 were reconfigured in preparation for the "A-Seat" reserved seating service on the Tokaido and Sanyo main lines, which launched on 16 March 2019. The cars were fitted with reclining seats, luggage spaces, and wheelchair spaces. In addition, the intermediate side doors were blocked off.

223-2000 series
With the 10 May 1999 timetable revision for the Urban Network, JR West began operating additional Special Rapid Service trains on the Tokaido and Sanyo main lines with a maximum operational speed of 130 km/h, introducing a new fleet of 223-2000 series (223系2000番台) trainsets. The initial order was for a total of fourteen 8-car sets and fifteen 4-car sets (totaling 172 cars), which were built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries and Kinki Sharyo between 1999 and 2000. From March 2000, they displaced the 221 series fleet from Special Rapid Service workings, which were only capable of 120 km/h.

For 2003, a second order of sets was filed. This order included five 8-car sets, two 6-car sets, and seven 4-car sets (totaling 80 cars).

Design changes
The series inherits much of its specifications from the preceding  series. However, the type was built with several improvements, including integrated headlight and taillight clusters (older 223 series sets had separate headlight and taillight assemblies ), wheelchair spaces, universal-access toilets (older sets were built with traditional squat toilets ), and safety fences between car gangways from new.

223-5500 series
The 223-5500 series (223系5500番台) fleet consists of sixteen 2-car sets (numbered F1–F16 ), delivered in 2008 to replace the series sets operated on Fukuchiyama Line services between Fukuchiyama and Sasayamaguchi. The fleet first entered revenue service on 22 July 2008.

This subseries is equipped for wanman driver-only operation.

Specifications
The series largely follows the specifications of the  series, but the 5500 subseries is restricted to a maximum speed of 120 km/h.

Internally, the series sets are primarily equipped with transverse seating, although the KuMoHa  cars feature two sets of longitudinal seating at the rear.

Formation
The sets are formed as follows.


 * The KuMoHa cars are fitted with one scissors-type pantograph.