User:XtraJovial/sandbox6

Overview
As JR-West's first new limited-express train type, the 681 series was developed to allow for faster limited-express services on the Hokuriku Main Line. Overall, the train type was designed around several concepts, which include advanced technology and design, and improved comfort. The exterior incorporates an aerodynamic design, with slanted front ends.

When the maximum speed of the Kosei Line and Hokuriku Tunnel was raised from 120 to 130 km/h, the 485 series trains used on these services were unable to stop completely from the increased speed within 600 m, the farthest allowable distance for emergency stops on the line. The 681 series was therefore fitted with improved braking over its predecessors to address this.

Pre-production cars
Nine pre-production 681 series cars were built in mid-1992, entering service in December of that year. Upon the introduction of the production-standard fleet in 1995, the pre-production cars were upgraded to match the full-production standard; they were also re-classified as 681-1000 series (681系1000番台). Originally formed as a nine-car set, the set was split to form a six-car set and a three-car set in 2001.

Disposal
Five of the pre-production cars were scrapped in October 2019. The remaining car, lead car KuRo 681-1001, has since been stored at Suita General Railway Depot, but it was due to be scrapped by the end of 2022.

JR-West production sets
681-0 series (681系0番台), Filler text

Hokuetsu Express production sets
In the late 1990s... Filler text