User:Xurizuri/ADHD References

'' NB: anything from before 2013 is definitely based on an outdated definition of ADHD. In 2019, ICD-11 was released and changed to match the DSM-5 definition; this version of the ICD will come into effect globally on 1 Jan 2022. ''

'' Boldface: article dates from 2018 on; meta-analyses, lit reviews, systematic reviews, particularly good study designs; cultural contexts other than British or US; trustworthy publishers/journals. ''

International
PubMed search for ADHD practice guidelines: Trip database
 * "Practice Guidelines as Topic"[MeSH] AND "Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity"[MeSH]
 * (Practice Guideline[Publication Type]) AND (Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity[MeSH Terms])
 * Search for guidelines
 * Search for "evidence based synopses"
 * Search for regulatory guidance

Diagnostic classification systems
 * APA's DSM-5
 * WHO's ICD: transition to ICD-11 officially occured 1 Jan 2022, but most countries still use ICD-10
 * Chinese Society of Psychiatry's Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders, current version CCMD-3 (available in English)
 * Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology - HiTOP Clinical Network. Not particularly embraced by any country, but it's there.
 * Research Domain Criteria. Not particularly embraced by any country, but it's there.
 * Outdated ones in Category:Classification of mental disorders

Other international sources


 * Reviews of guidelines:

National
'' May have different ones for diagnosis vs management. Different ones may be published by medical/paediatric/psychiatric/psychological associations, national research bodies, legal prescribing guidelines, etc ''

Cochrane reviews, under "related content" list any guidelines that the review has been cited in. It's a potential way to find more of these.

Ones I've seen in the past $&therefore;$ should be easy to find USA:
 * APA (iatric)
 * APA (ological)
 * American Medical Association
 * CDC
 * American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP; 2019). Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents.
 * Endorsed by the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP)
 * They're currently writing the 2021 version.
 * Both were by request of AAP
 * National Institutes of Health -> National Institute of Mental Health.
 * related:
 * Society for Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics (SDBP; 2020) Society for Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics Clinical Practice Guideline for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Complex Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
 * related:
 * Society for Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics (SDBP; 2020) Society for Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics Clinical Practice Guideline for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Complex Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Australia/NZ:
 * Both
 * Royal Australian & New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP; 2012). Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) practice guidelines. (NB: these give two guidelines to refer to and additional guidance on the page)
 * Aus only
 * National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC; 2012). Clinical Practice Points - ADHD in children and adolescents.
 * (this draft was submitted to the NHMRC but they went with the CPP) Royal Australasian College of Physicians (RACP; 2009). Draft Australian Guidelines on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. (NB: this one is overruled by the NHMRC one)
 * Australian ADHD Professionals Association (AADPA) is dev'ing a draft to be submitted for consideration to the NHMRC by end of 2021.
 * NZ only

Canada:
 * Canadian ADHD Resource Alliance (CADDRA; 2020). Canadian ADHD Practice Guidelines, 4.1 Edition.

UK:
 * National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)
 * NICE (2019). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: diagnosis and management. NICE guideline [NG87]. (original published 2018; viewed Aug 2021)
 * NICE (2018). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Quality standard [QS39](original published 2013; viewed Aug 2021)
 * They're continually developing and updating stuff, and they have advice pieces too. As of Aug 2021, their advice covers guanfacine PR, vyvanse, clonidine, and melatonin (comorbid sleep disorder).
 * Bolea-Alamañac B, Nutt DJ, Adamou M, et al. Evidence-based guidelines for the pharmacological management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: update on recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology. J Psychopharmacol 2014; 28: 179-203.
 * Bolea-Alamañac B, Nutt DJ, Adamou M, et al. Evidence-based guidelines for the pharmacological management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: update on recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology. J Psychopharmacol 2014; 28: 179-203.

South Africa:

India:

Japan:


 * Most populous countries

China:

Indonesia:

Pakistan:

Brazil:

Nigeria:

Bangladesh:

Russia:

Mexico:

Germany:
 * Others I encountered
 * Review planned for 2022
 * Review planned for 2022

Spain:

Netherlands:
 * https://richtlijnen.nhg.org/standaarden/adhd-bij-kinderen [Dutch College of General Practitioners - Guideline on ADHD in children (Guideline M104)]. Stijntjes, Hassink-Franke, Kruishoop, Beeres, Eekhof, Van Manen, Stoffelsen, Wensing, Fliers, Van der Zalm, Wiersma Tj, Verduijn, Burgers, De Vries, Van Avendonk. 2014.

Europe:
 * All EMA documents mentioning ADHD
 * Broadly superseded by later consensus statements which involved the same groups.
 * European Network for Hyperkinetic Disorders (EUNETHYDIS). They didn't really publish a specific guideline but they do a lot of meta-analyses. They also often work with other groups when those groups are developing guidelines. All publications by their guideline group
 * All EMA documents mentioning ADHD
 * Broadly superseded by later consensus statements which involved the same groups.
 * European Network for Hyperkinetic Disorders (EUNETHYDIS). They didn't really publish a specific guideline but they do a lot of meta-analyses. They also often work with other groups when those groups are developing guidelines. All publications by their guideline group
 * European Network for Hyperkinetic Disorders (EUNETHYDIS). They didn't really publish a specific guideline but they do a lot of meta-analyses. They also often work with other groups when those groups are developing guidelines. All publications by their guideline group

Summaries of specific articles
2009: Prevalence and correlates of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: meta-analysis, in The British Journal of Psychiatry (q1 on SJR).


 * haven't read yet

2015: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, in Nature (Q1 on SJR)


 * Overall lit review: global summary but some US focus
 * Covers epidemiology, mechanisms/pathophysiology, diagnosis/screening/prevention, management, quality of life, research outlook

2020: Epidemiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis, in Annals of General Psychiatry (Q2 on SJR, may be bc they're new)


 * Across all of africa
 * 7.47% of kids/teens have adhd (consistent w some global estimates, higher than others).
 * boys:girls is 2.01:1 (less boys than in other analyses, they may be underdiagnosed).
 * inattentive > H/I > combined, in boys, girls, and total.
 * different countries have different rates, but could be a methodological issue

Strengths
2020: Creativity and ADHD: A review of behavioral studies, the effect of psychostimulants and neural underpinning s, in Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (Q1 on SJR)


 * lit review
 * mentions that strengths are mostly discussed/recognised outside the academic sphere
 * high creativity (some evidence for specifically divergent "out of the box" thinking): although this was only true for subclinical, high trait ADHD people
 * possibly as a result of impulsivity and distractibility (these are associated w creativity in gen pop)
 * creativity relied on activation of information/stimuli, and more unusual activations are more "creative"
 * adhd has a "flexible association network" in memory, allowing easy activation of material distant from the trigger
 * diffuse attention is a boon, because it allows more flexibility when transforming the activated material into actual ideas, including consideration of different perspectives (!!)
 * not great at structured creativity, where you apply executive function to sort out less creative ideas by focusing on the task for extended periods
 * ADHD tends to lead to greater number of creative achievements
 * there's overlap between genes (some evidence), and neuroimaging (strong indirect evidence) related to creativity and ADHD
 * stimulants don't reduce the creativity!

Women-specific
????: Women and Girls, by CHADD


 * Undated, unreferenced webpage giving a brief overview of adhd in women.
 * CHADD is a US ADHD ngo
 * still need to go through

2003: ADHD: A Woman's Issue, by APA Monitor


 * news feature article thing
 * NB: the organisation mentioned isn't active anymore
 * covers some issues about it being underrepresented in research, mommy factor, trauma/learned helplessness
 * need to read through properly

2006: Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Girls, in CNS Drugs (Q1 on SJR but did have Q2 a few years ago)


 * lit review
 * Similar rates but diagnoses prevented by bias.


 * Symptom differences (contrasts H/I with I).

2011: Predictors of persistence in girls with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: results from an 11-year controlled follow-up study: Predictors of persistence in girls with ADHD, in Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. (Q1 on SJR)


 * prospective longitudinal: whether 90ish girls still had ADHD 11 years later
 * most did still have ADHD as adults/late teens
 * Predictors! Blinding!
 * NB: dropout and cohort effects

2013: ADHD is Different for Women, in The Atlantic/The Wire


 * news article, incl. some lived experience
 * haven't read fully, but NB that it mentions that women w/ ADHD are treated w/ scepticism

2013: Women and ADHD: How ADHD typically affects women, and how to cope with it, in WebMD


 * news feature
 * mentions that women have many issues at home, relating to traditional roles/expectations
 * says that the symptom difference is "likely" due to social factors
 * need to read properly

2019: Clinical Characteristics of Women with ADHD in Japan, in Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. (q2 on SJR but its new)


 * correlational, 335 adhd adults in Japan, checking impairment men vs women.
 * Japan: tight culture generally, women have to be v quiet polite organised patient etc. Socially and in work, women w/ adhd are expected to do more routine, clerical, organisational tasks than men, so are disadvantaged.
 * Women equally likely to have adhd; more likely to be divorced; more likely to be part-time vs full-time employed but equally likely to be homemaker/student or unemployed; equally likely to be inattentive but less likely to be H/I; past psych comorbidities equally likely except for bipolar is more likely; having any active psych comorbidities almost double as likely; more likely to be on mood stabilisers.
 * Bias in the sample would've affected the co-morbidity results - less comorbidities than normal for ADHD due to sampling
 * (not gender related: inatt symptoms reduced likelihood of comorbid, H/I increased it. hectic.)
 * (very small sub-sample, but men w/ adhd were less likely than random men to be divorced, whereas women w adhd were multiple times more likely than random women).
 * (check back on these authors in future, they plan to undertake larger ADHD in Japan studies)
 * HAVE ADDED TO REASONS LISTS ABOVE REFERENCES.

2020: Females with ADHD: An expert consensus statement taking a lifespan approach providing guidance for the identification and treatment of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in girls and women, in BMC Psychiatry (q1 on SJR, has had some q2 and q3 a few years ago but it did start then)


 * expert statements in Britain (it's heavily cited, but its not a lit review)
 * haven't read yet

Summary re: gender differences
Possible reasons for discrepancies between male/default model and women


 * different hormonal influences
 * women are socialised differently which affects behaviour
 * women are more susceptible to comorbidities eg anx dep which affect behaviour

Possible reasons for later detection in women


 * symptoms less visible bc less H/I

Possible reasons for greater psych comorbidities in women


 * lower self-esteem due to greater social-definition disability
 * later detection so longer time to be disabled and develop comorbidities

Intervention differences


 * women have more issues w/ self-esteem, so therapy can focus on that