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Pekua (Bengali: পেকুয়া) is an upazila, or sub-district, of the Cox's Bazar District in Chittagong Division, Bangladesh. As of the 2011 census, its population was 171,538.

Geography
The area of the Pekua is 139.61 km2, making it the smallest upazila in Cox's Bazar District. It is bordered to the north by Chittagong District's Banskhali Upazila, to the east by Chakoria Upazila, to the south by Maheskhali Upazila, and to the west by Kutubia Channel on the Bay of Bengal.

The most significant waterway in the upazila is the Matamuhuri River, which flows along the eastern border between Pekua and Chakoria, running southwest to the Bay of Bengal. It is a source for fishing and has also been dammed for irrigation for crop cultivation by the Water Development Board. Numerous other smaller rivers and canals crisscross the upazila.

History
The upazila was created on 23 April 2002, from seven unions of Chakoria Upazila.

Demographics
As of the 2011 census, there were 171,538 people and 31,944 households. The average household size was 5.37 individuals, with 1.7% of households having someone living alone and 15.6% consisting of 8 or more inhabitants. The population density was 1228.7 km2. The sex ratio was 101 males to 100 females. There was one urban locality and its population was 29,182 people and 5,395 households, or 17.0% of the population.

The population was spread out with 13.8% under the age of 4, 17.3% from 5 to 9, 14.6% from 10 to 14, 9.1% from 15 to 19, 8.2% from 20 to 24, 8.2% from 25 to 29, 18.6% from 30 to 49, 4.6% from 50 to 59, 2.0% from 60 to 64, and 3.5% who were 65 years of age or older.

For males aged 10 and over, 46.0% were never married, 53.5% were married, 0.4% were widowed, and 0.01% were divorced/separated. For females aged 10 and over, 33.2% were never married, 61.5% were married, 4.6% were widowed, and 0.7% were divorced/separated.

The literacy rate (7 years and above) was 35.3% for the whole population, 35.6% for males and 35.0% for females. School attendance (5 to 24 years) was 48.0% for the whole population, 47.0% for males and 48.9% for females. For those aged 15 to 19, 30.8% of males were still attending school, compared to 35.1% of females. For those aged 20-24, 7.3% of males were still attending school, compared to 2.3% of females.

The population of the upazila was 99.1% Muslim, 0.8% Hindu, and 0.1% were adherents of other faiths. Only 144 people in the upazila were recorded as belonging to a ethnic group, and of those, the majority were Rakhine (historically Mog) (81.9%) and Chakma (11.1%).

Administrative division
The upazila is sub-divided into seven unions, namely:


 * Bara Bakia
 * Magnama
 * Pekua (seat of local administrative activities)
 * Rajakhali
 * Shilkhali
 * Taitong
 * Ujantia

Parliamentary Representative
The upazila is represented in the National Parliament as part of the Cox's Bazar-1 constituency. Since the 2018 general election, this seat has been held by Jafar Alam, a member of the Awami League.

Upazila Nirbahi Officer (Appointed)

 * Saika Shahadat, UNO, 29 August 2019.

Upazila Parishad (Elected)

 * Jahangir Alam, Chairman


 * Azizul Haque, Vice-Chairman
 * Mohammad Umme Kulsum, Women's Vice-Chairman

Transport
The main highway in the upazila is R170, which runs north-south with links to Chittagong and Chakoria.