User:Yalini47/sandbox

Human Cloning
Human cloning has been universally banned across the world so far because of many of the ethical concerns related to it, but researchers in the field are convinced that the idea will be accepted in the near future. To scientists and other individuals of society who are in favor of human cloning see it as a revolution and an extraordinary achievement soon to come in the growth of science. However the humanitarian and ethics committees view it as a danger to the ethical, social and health realm of society as a whole. In human reproductive cloning (HRC) “somatic cell nuclear transfer” (SCNT) was used into peruse the notion of human cloning. Medical professionals compared HRC to reproductive technologies such as Vitro fertilization (IVF), and shows how HRC is often neglected or disregarded compared to these technologies because HRC is not far much resent notion. Research done by scientist at the company Stemagen in San Diego have found a recent break-through in stem cell. Scientists at a small biotechnology company say they have used cloning to create human embryos from the skin cells of two men.

In the eyes of science and evolution, human cloning is seen as an idea that shows “enormous medical promises” that can possibly cure many disease that are presently incurable. Diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and pancreatic cells to treat diabetes can be cured through steam cells created from a clone. Human cloning consists of two types of cloning through somatic cell nuclear transfer which are therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning. Therapeutic cloning is for curing diseases providing well-suited tissues and organs for people in need of it. Therefore clones are created by using the transnuclear egg that will form an in-vitro culture from which stem cells can be extracted. The harvesting of stem cells includes the destruction of the embryo at the blastocyst stage. Reproductive cloning on the other hand is cloning to produce a child who would be genetically identical to another individual. Reproductive cloning happens through the process of the transnuclear egg or reconstituted zygote is implanted into a woman’s uterus.

Banning Human Cloning
Reproductive cloning is banned throughout many nations of the world, the option of allowing non-reproductive cloning such as therapeutic cloning should be done under specific regulations. This is due to the general benefits of the human well being and health were considered as a positive aspect to the society as a whole. However in the time the ban was placed the committee members of the legislation dismissed the idea due to counter arguments made which outweighed the benefits of human cloning. A small biotechnology company used cloning to produce human embryos using the skins of two men. This is seen as a step towards the cure for medical disease within humans and a promise to creating babies that are genetic copies of other people.

Psychological Harm
The psychological harm is a major concern to many individuals. The HRC gives control of genetic inheritance of an unborn future child to a human in present times. It can be very harmful knowing a child’s genetic tendency prior to the creation of the child could lead to possible exploitation of the child’s genetic information. Many people have access to this information such as doctors, researcher, and other individuals of the health care industry. Allowing for a series of areas where unlawful material of the child and can cause potential harm to the child. Having such information can also increase the pressure and expectations on the cloned child. If the child were to ever find out that he or she was a cloned child and was procreated in an “unnatural” way it can lead to negative emotions such as denial, no sense of belonging, low self esteem or even anger. Conversely it can lead to emotions of superiority compared to human born through the natural process and cause a sense of “over-esteem”. It is proven that human cloning gives much leeway’s to misuse of genetic information of an individual which can be psychologically harmful to the individual and the structure of the health care system.

Reference
1. Elsner, D. "Just Another Reproductive Technology? The Ethics of Human Reproductive Cloning as an Experimental Medical Procedure." Journal of Medical Ethics 32.10 (2006): 596-600. Print.

2. Stolberg, Sheryl Gay. "House Votes to Ban All Human Cloning." The New York Times 28 Feb. 2003: A22. The New York Times. ProQuest Historical Newspaper, 28 Feb. 2003.

3. Skene, Loane. "Recent Developments in Stem Cell Research: Social, Ethical, and Legal Issues for the Future." Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 17.2 (2010): 211-44. Print.

4. Pollack, Andrew. "Cloning Said to Yield Human Embryos." New York Times. ProQuest Historical Newspaper, 18 Jan. 2008. Web.

5. Smith, Simon. "Human Cloning Foundation Home Page." Human Cloning Foundation Home Page. N.p., n.d. Web. 

6. "Human Cloning." Human Cloning. N.p., n.d. Web. .