User:Yates9/chem basic

Learning Neuroscience

 * Creating a Wikibook Notes
 * Books for experts


 * background chemistry
 * Periodic_table
 * Atomic_orbital
 * Chemistry Homomeric
 * Moiety_(chemistry)
 * Phosphodiester_bond
 * Phosphodiesterase
 * Peptide_bond


 * biochemical/chemical mechanisms
 * Phosphorylation the addition of a phosphate (PO4) group to a protein or other organic molecule. Phosphorylation activates or deactivates many protein enzymes, causing or preventing the mechanisms of diseases such as cancer and diabetes.
 * Palmitoylation the covalent attachment of fatty acids, such as palmitic acid, to cysteine residues of membrane proteins
 * Myristoylation an irreversible, co-translational (during translation) protein modification found in animals, plants, fungi and viruses. In this protein modification a myristoyl group (derived from myristic acid) is covalently attached via an amide bond to the alpha-amino group of an N-terminal amino acid of a nascent polypeptide.
 * Glycosylation the enzymatic process that links saccharides to produce glycans, attached to organic molecules/proteins; produces one of the fundamental biopolymers found in cells (along with DNA, RNA, and proteins). Glycosylation is a form of co-translational and post-translational modification.
 * Acetylation a reaction that introduces an acetyl functional group into an chemical compound


 * substances
 * N-Ethylmaleimide
 * Maleimide
 * Methionine an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH2CH2SCH3. This essential amino acid is classified as nonpolar


 * background chemistry functional groups
 * Functional group
 * Alkane: CnH2n+2 only C + H (def: hydrocarbons),w/only single bonds (def: saturated) w/o cyclic structure
 * Alkyl: CnH2n+1 alkane missing one H, typically a part of a larger molecule
 * Alkene: RRC=CRR containing at least one C-to-C double bond
 * Alkyne: R-C≡C-R hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two C
 * Alcohol: R—OH a hydroxyl functional group (-OH) bound to C, usually connected to other C or H
 * Aldehyde: R-C(=O)H a carbonyl center bonded to hydrogen and an R group
 * Amide: R—C(=O)N–RR containing an acyl group (R-C=O) linked to a N atom
 * Amine: R—NH2 contain a basic N atom with a lone pair - derivatives of ammonia
 * Aromatic: unexpectedly stable ring structure
 * Carboxylic acid: R-COOH a carbonyl + a hydroxyl, -C(=O)OH, usually -COOH or -CO2H
 * Ester: R-C(=O)-O-R' a general term for the product derived from the condensation of an oxo acid and an alcohol
 * Oxoacid: an acid that contains oxygen
 * Ketone: RC(=O)R' a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two other carbon atoms
 * Nitrile: R-C≡N -CN group is also called cyanide group, (see cyano- prefix)
 * Nitro: R-NO2 most common explosophores used globally
 * Thiol: R-SH as S analogue of an alcohol group (-OH), can be named sulfhydryl group
 * Thioester: R-C(=O)SR' product of esterification between a carboxylic acid and a thiol
 * Acyl: RCO where R represents an alkyl group that is attached to the CO group with a single bond. derived by the removal of one or more hydroxyl groups from an oxoacid
 * Acyl chloride: R-C(=O)-Cl considered to be reactive derivatives of carboxylic acids
 * Fatty acid: a carboxylic acid with a long unbranched aliphatic tail
 * Ethyl_group: R-C2H5 an alkyl functional group derived from ethane (C2H6) often abbreviated -Et
 * Purine: a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound, consisting of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole