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Han Zhaohou is the sixth monarch of the Han state in the Warring States period. During the reign of Han Zhaohou, Han state’s national strength was the most powerful. He is one of the most influential Chinese historical figures and made a great contribution to the economy, politics, agriculture in such aspects. In the early governorship of Han Zhaohou, the political chaos had reigned, laws and orders were inconsistent, officials and ordinary people don’t know what to do. In 355 BC, Han Zhaohou implemented reforms. His selected Shen Buhai who is one of the representatives of “fajia”(legalists) as the Prime Minister. Since then, the internal affairs are concise, and the centralized monarchy system is adopted. To sum up, he is an influential figure in Chinese history. This is a brief biography about him and lists some events he did which have positive or negative impacts on the state.

= Character profile = Han Zhaohou (? -- 333 BC), the sixth ruler of Han state during the warring states period, reigned from 362 BC to 333 BC.

Han state's national power was the strongest when Han Zhaohou reigned. In the early stage of Han Zhaohou, the state’s politics was in chaos, laws, and decrees were inconsistent, the officials and people were at a loss what to do. In 355 BC, Han Zhaohou carried out the reform. He advocated the rule of "shu" and proposed a centralized autocratic monarchy system. He appointed Shen Buhai as prime minister. Shen served as the prime minister in Han state for 15 years and helped Han Zhaohou to carry out “shu” governance, making Han state become one of the Seven Power in the Warring States Period.

It is worthwhile to note that the regional state of Han is completely different from the Han dynasty. It is a period of great change after the Spring and Autumn Period in Chinese history. It is a golden age for China's agriculture, textile industry, ideology, science and technology, military and political development. At the same time, the various vassal states that have been forced to survive have launched many world-famous reforms and reforms.

l  Initiatives in politics

The most important achievement Han Zhaohou made in politics is the appointment of Shen Buhai. The principle of arbitrariness advocated by Shen Buhai is "by appointing the officer, according to the name and blame", and Han Zhaohou does not contribute to the country because of the application, but instead remembers the "Shu" of the ruling of the country. After that Han state’s national strength is getting stronger and stronger.

= Agriculture = In South Korea during the Han Zhaohou period, iron farm tools have been widely used in agricultural production, and iron farming has become a common occurrence. The iron farm tools discovered after the archaeological discovery in the founding of the country mainly include iron shovel, scorpion, scorpion, and scorpion. The promotion and use of iron farm tools are conducive to the development of a large number of wasteland and the improvement of farming efficiency. During the Han Zhaohou period, cattle farming was more common during the Warring States period. The combination of iron farming tools and accumulators provides conditions for deep cultivation. "Han Feizi said on the foreign reserve," said: "The cultivators are deep, and the squatters are familiar." If there is no animal power and iron farming tools, it is impossible to plow the soil.

In long-term farming practice, farmers have more experience in production. They have been able to understand and distinguish the soil from the color, nature, and fertility of the soil. Because of the local cultivation, farmers have attached great importance to the fertilization of the land. The thorny grass valley, the multi-manure fertilizer field, is also the farmer’s public opinion."Soil improvement through fertilization is an important factor in increasing agricultural yield. In Han Zhaohou period, The yield of grain per unit area has been greatly increased, and in some places, the system of double cropping per year has also been promoted. The progress in agriculture was one of the factors enabling the Han state became powerful.

= Economy = "During the period of Han Zhaohou period, the commerce in the Han state was also very developed, which was mainly reflected in the activity of merchants, the prosperity of cities and the circulation of currency. The merchants are trafficked among the countries, expanding the scope of commodity exchange."1. During the Han Zhaohou period, with the development of commerce and the prosperity of the city, the circulation of metal currency was more extensive. At that time, there were two major types of metal coins: copper coins and gold coins. There were four main types of copper coins: Yan, Qi used in a “knife coin” (a coin shaped like a knife), Zhou and Qin used round money, Sanjin used cloth coins, and the Chu used "ant nose money", gold coins. Generally, it is measured in Jin (a half kilogram ) and 镒（20 liang）, as well as “pie gold” and “郢爰”. (Pie gold is a cake-shaped gold nugget, which is a square gold nugget.) Metal currency enters the commodity circulation field and is an important manifestation of the development of commodity economy.

2. During the Han Zhaohou period, the prosperity of the city was an important manifestation of commercial development. During the Warring States period, there were many large cities with developed industries and industries, such as Yangdi in Han state (now Henan Province).

3. Korean merchants are trafficked between the countries and expand the scope of commodity exchange. Local specialties such as horses in the north, fish in the south, salt in the east, and western leather can be bought in the Central Plains market. Big businessmen are more active, such as big businessman Bai Gui.

= Anecdotes = Although Han Zhaohou is a monarch who knows how to use talents, he rarely pays attention to what he said, causing some major secrets to be unintentionally leaked out, so that the plans decided by the ministers cannot be implemented.

Therefore, the ministers of the ruling and opposition parties were very nervous and did not dare to tell Han Zhaohou directly. Until one day, the person who claimed to be named Tang Gonggong personally went to Han Zhaohou and said: "If there is a wine made of jade, it is worth a thousand dollars, but its middle is empty, and there is no foundation, it  Is it possible to hold water?" So Han Zhaohou replied: "That is impossible." The church said: "If there is a jar, although it is not worth it, it will not miss, ask you, is it? Can you drink wine?” Han Zhaohou replied: “Yes.”

At this time, when the church squatted at the opportunity, he went on to say, "This is it. A puddle, although it is not worth much money, and very despicable, but because it will not miss, it can be loaded with wine; instead, it  The jade made of jade, although it is very expensive, because it is empty and bottomless, it can't be loaded with water, let alone people will pour delicious drinks into it. People are the same, as a status supreme and  If the monarch who is the most important person often reveals the state secrets, then he is like a jade without a bottom. Even a talented person, if his secret is revealed, will be leaked someday, then his  The plan is basically a bubble, so he can't display his talents and strategies.” At the same time, Han Zhaohou really understood that he nodded and said: “You are right! You are right!”

After the exhortation from the church, when Han Zhaohou took important measures, the ministers planned and planned together, Han Zhaohou will be careful, even sleeping at night is alone, because he worried about the dreams that he said during his sleep, leaking plans and strategies to others to hear and prevent mistakes in national affairs.

= References =