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Artificial intelligence was founded as an academic discipline in 1955, and in the years since has experienced several waves of optimism, followed by disappointment and the loss of funding (known as an "AI winter"),  followed by new approaches, success, and renewed funding. During the 1950s one of the most famous scientists Alan Turing found the possibilities of Artificial Intelligent. He asked himself if people can have critical thinking and logical idea ability why mechanical cannot have that. This is a brief idea of Artificial Intelligence in the early century. For most of its history, AI research has been divided into subfields that often fail to communicate with each other. These sub-fields are based on technical considerations, such as particular goals (e.g. "robotics" or "machine learning"), the use of particular tools ("logic" or artificial neural networks), or deep philosophical differences. Sub-fields have also been based on social factors (particular institutions or the work of particular researchers). This paragraph is copied from article Artificial intelligence