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Article Evaluation

Evaluating content. The paper I am going to translate is "Studies on New Anti-malarial Drug Qinghaosu", which was published in 1979, but solely in Chinese. This paper had not been translated into English yet. The works were done by Dr. Youyou Tu, the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015, and her research group. In the 1970s, with the funding from the Chinese government, Dr. Tu's group started to find substances that has the resistance on malaria, which was really a deadly disease at that age. In this article, Dr. Tu introduced the novel separated anti-malarial named Qinghaosu. In this article, the chemical structure, as well as the pharmacology of Qinghaosu, were introduced in this article. It was found that Qinghaosu had great efficiency on suppressing the growth of protozoans that cause malaria.

Evaluating tone. This paper was solely based on actual measured and research results. Therefore, I think this article is almost 100% objective and neutral.

Evaluating Sources. Interestingly, since this paper was a seminal paper, there are not too many references. There are totally only 11 references and seven of them were from Chinese ancient medical literature, since Dr. Tu said that her idea on this research was actually sparked by ancient Chinese medical theory. As for other references, all of which are English references. Since this paper was relatively long ago, links  are not available on the references. I need to type the reference on google Scholar by hands to look for it. English references that had been cited in this article are mainly about protozoans that cause malaria, such as Plasmodium Berghei and P. Gallinaceum. They are referred to provide more background information on malaria. They are all available on google Scholar.

Evaluating talk page. The talk page, as it sounds like, is supposed to be constituted of free talk, chat from different people. Therefore, talk page of artemisinin looks like very casual and not very well structured. However, I think it is completely fine since this is just a space for people around the world to talk about this topic, no matter how much knowledge they have on it. On the specific talk page of artemisnin, people had shown their opinion on its history, mechanism, even the pronunciation for this word and so on. Numbers of links related to artemisinin were provided on the talk page, I believe some of them are very useful. The talk page had also included some questions and answers by people.

"Draft Your Contributions" assignment

Lead Section: Artemisinin is the chemical compound that was extracted by Chinese pharmacologist Youyou Tu and her collaborators from the ancient Chinese plant called Artemisia annua. Dr. Tu was awarded Noble Prize in physiology or medicine in 2015.

Article text:

Chinese traditional medicine Areemisia annua L had been recorded to have the function in treating malaria in many ancient Chinese medical literatures. In 1972, the effective compound in treating malaria, which was named as artemisinin, was extracted from Areemisia annua. Its chemical structure was identified as a new sesquiterpene lactone with peroxide groups by using spectrum analysis and X-ray single crystal diffraction and chemical reactions. Pharmacology research demonstrated that artemisinin can directly kill plasmodium during its erythrocytic cycle, but null during their exo-erythrocytic stage. Artemisinin has low toxicity to experimental animals. In animals’ body, artemisinin is absorbed rapidly, distributed broadly and excreted rapidly. Under the observation of electron microscope, it was found that the main structure of plasmodium falciparum to be treated by artemisinin was its membrane structure. It was believed that its anti-malarial mechanism was to interrupt the function of membrane-mitochondria of plasmodium.

It was demonstrated from 2099 clinical research that, the average protozoa clearance time for treating tertian malaria and malignant malaria by artemisinin is shorter than by chloroquine. Toxic side effect was not observed in clinical research. Especially, the superiority of artemisinin was performed when treating anti-chloroquine protozoa which can cause malignant malaria and cerebral malaria. However, it was found that the short-term recurrence rate of artemisinin treatment was higher than chloroquine treatment.

Article: Reference list:

Collaboration Research Group for Qinghaosu(1977). A new sesquiterpene lactone—qinghaosu [in Chinese]. Kexue Tongbao 3, 142

http://www.kjdb.org/CN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=13117

Xiao, Y.Q. & Tu, Y.Y. (1984) Isolation and identification of the lipophilic constituents from Artemisia anomala S. Moore [in Chinese]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 19, 909–913. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-YXXB198412005.htm

Collaboration research group for Qinghaosu(1979). Antimalarial studies on qinghaosu [in Chinese].Chin.Med.J.92,811–81

https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/19802901722

Liu, J.M. et al. (1979) Structure and reaction of qinghaosu. Acta Chimi. Sin. 37, 129–143 . http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-HXXB197902005.htm

Tu, Y. (2011). The discovery of artemisinin (qinghaosu) and gifts from Chinese medicine.Naturemedicine,17(10),1217. https://www.nature.com/articles/nm.2471.pdf?origin=ppub

Miller, L. H., & Su, X. (2011). Artemisinin: discovery from the Chinese herbal garden. Cell, 146(6), 855-858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2011.08.024

Huang, L. et al. Studies on the antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of Artemisia annua L [in Chinese].Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 18, 44–48 (1993). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZGZY199301025.htm

Sun, X. Z. (1991). Experimental study on the immunosuppressive effects of qinghaosu and its derivative. Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi= Chinese journal of modern developments in traditional medicine, 11(1), 37-8. https://europepmc.org/abstract/med/2054892

Youyou, T. (2004). The development of the antimalarial drugs with new type of chemical structure-qinghaosu and dihydroqinghaosu. Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health, 35(2), 250-251. http://www.thaiscience.info/Journals/Article/TMPH/10601625.pdf

Zhang, D., Yang, L., Yang, L. X., Wang, M. Y., & Tu, Y. Y. (2007). Determination of artemisinin, arteannuin B and artemisinic acid in Herba Artemisiae Annuae by HPLC-UV-ELSD. Yao xue xue bao= Acta pharmaceutica Sinica, 42(9), 978-981. https://europepmc.org/abstract/med/18050742