User:Yogesh Khandke/sandbox Panipat

Panipat is an ancient and historic city in Panipat district, Haryana state, India. It is 90 km north from Delhi and 169 km south of Chandigarh on NH-1. Three battles fought at the city were turning points in Indian history. The city is famous in India by the name of "City of Weaver".

History
According to the legend, Panipat was one of the five cities (prasthas) founded by the Pandava brothers during the times of the Mahabharata; its historic name being Panduprastha. Panipat was the scene of three pivotal battles in Indian history.

The First Battle of Panipat was fought on 21 April 1526 between Ibrahim Lodhi, Sultan of Delhi, and the Timurid warlord Zaheeruddin Babur. Babur's force defeated Ibrahim's much larger force of over one lakh (one hundred thousand) soldiers.This First battle of Panipat thus ended the 'Lodi Rule' established by Bahlul Lodhi in India.

The Second Battle of Panipat was fought on 5 November 1556 between the forces of Akbar and Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, a King of North India, who belonged to Rewari in Haryana and had captured the large states of Agra and Delhi defeating Akbar's forces. This king, also known as Vikramaditya had won 22 battles against the Afghan rebels from 1553–1556 from Punjab to Bengal, and had his coronation at Purana Quila in Delhi on 7 October 1556 and had established his rule in North India, before the 2nd battle of Panipat.Hemu had a large army, and initially his forces were winning, but suddenly Hemu was struck by an arrow in the eye and he lost his senses. On not seeing him in his Ohda on the back of an elephant, his army fled. He was later captu red and beheaded by the Mughals. His head was sent to Kabul to be hanged outside Delhi Darwaza and torso was hanged outside Purana Quila in Delhi. This Second battle of Panipat thus ended the rule established by Hemu in north India.

The Third Battle of Panipat was fought in 1761 between the Afghan invader Ahmad Shah Abdali and the Marathas under Sadashivrao Bhau Peshwa of Pune. Ahmad Shah won but with a very heavy casualty rate on both sides. It resulted worst defeat of Marathas in their history. The war led to a power vacuum which later led to the British conquest of India. The famous Urdu shayar Maulana Hali was born in Panipat.

Geography
Panipat is located at. It has an average elevation of 219 metres (718 feet).

Panipat is situated on Shershah Suri Marg (now known as G.T. road or NH-1), 90 KM north of Delhi. On three sides, Panipat district boundaries touch other districts of Haryana – Karnal in the north, Jind in the west and Sonipat in the south. Panipat district borders the state of Uttar Pradesh across the Yamuna river in the east.

Panipat was a part of Karnal district until 31 October 1989. It was separated from Karnal, along with another subdivision, the Assandh tehsil. When the district was re-formed on 1 January 1992, the Assandh tehsil was excluded. The newly constructed flyover across the Grand Trunk Road completed in the year 2008 is one of the longest flyovers in India.

Demographics
An official Census 2011 detail of Panipat, a district of Haryana has been released by Directorate of Census Operations in Haryana. Enumeration of key persons was also done by census officials in Panipat District of Haryana.

In 2011, Panipat had population of 1,202,811 of which male and female were 646,324 and 556,487 respectively. There was change of 24.33 percent in the population compared to population as per 2001. In the previous census of India 2001, Panipat District recorded increase of 38.58 percent to its population compared to 1991.

The initial provisional data suggest a density of 949 in 2011 compared to 763 of 2001. Total area under Panipat district is of about 1,268 sq.km.

Average literacy rate of Panipat in 2011 were 77.50 compared to 69.20 of 2001. If things are looked out at gender wise, male and female literacy were 85.40 and 68.20 respectively. For 2001 census, same figures stood at 78.50 and 58.00 in Panipat District. Total literate in Panipat District were 803,663 of which male and female were 475,230 and 328,433 respectively. In 2001, Panipat District had 352,512 in its total region.

With regards to Sex Ratio in Panipat, it stood at 861 per 1000 male compared to 2001 census figure of 829. The average national sex ratio in India is 940 as per latest reports of Census 2011 Directorate.

In census enumeration, data regarding child under 0-6 age were also collected for all districts including Panipat. There were total 164,747 children under age of 0-6 against 143,262 of 2001 census. Of total 164,747 male and female were 89,873 and 74,874 respectively. Child Sex Ratio as per census 2011 was 833 compared to 808 of census 2001. In 2011, Children under 0-6 formed 13.70 percent of Panipat District compared to 14.81 percent of 2001. There was net change of -1.11 percent in this compared to previous census of India.

Panipat District population constituted 4.74 percent of total Haryana population. In 2001 census, this figure for Panipat District was at 4.74 percent of Haryana population.

Industries
Panipat is a city of textiles and carpets. It is the biggest centre for quality blankets and carpets in India and has a handloom weaving industry. In addition, Panipat city is the biggest centre of "Shoddy Yarn" in the World. Blankets prepared through Handloom and Power loom are sent to soldiers. The Samalkha subdivision of this district is famous for Foundry of  Agriculture  instruments. In this way, this district, which is continuously developing on the industrial base, has an unlimited employment capacity. Not only from Haryana but Businessmen and Engineers and unemployed worker artist Weavers and labour from other states of India visit here in search of employment and settle here permanently.

The "Achar Pachranga" is a well known Indian pickle produced since 1925. The company was brought to Panipat in 1947 after the partition of India."k.t fibers" a huge industry producing yarns for textile products since 1980 and "Kwalitys" a well known bakery shop originated in Panipat, providing memorable cakes since 1984.Panipat also has heavy industry, with a refinery of the Indian Oil Corporation, a National Thermal Power Corporation power plant and a National Fertilizers Limited plant.

Some salient features of industry in Panipat include:


 * Three major public sector projects: the Indian Oil Corporation oil refinery, the National Fertilizers Limited plant and the thermal power station.
 * Biggest centre in the country for producing shoddy (recycled) yarn, and a large consumer of rags for reprocessing.
 * Biggest centre in the country for producing low priced blankets, a traditional supplier of barrack blankets to the armed forces.
 * Biggest centre in the country engaged in export of cotton durries, made-ups, throws and mats.
 * Samalkha, a small town near Panipat, is known for foundry work and supply of agricultural machinery to neighbouring Uttar Pradesh.
 * Relatively high wages compared to the Indian national average – a worker earns Rs.300/- to 450/- per day on Handloom/ Powerloom.
 * The town has infrastructure such as rail, road and inland container depots well suited to industry and export.

Places Of Interest
The main places of attraction are "Panipat Battles Museum", Hemu 'Samadhi-sthal' and camp site of Babur and Akbar at village Sodhapur, the grave of Ibrahim Lodhi, Kabuli Bagh, Devi Mandir, Kala Amb, Salar Gunj Gate, and the tomb of the thirteenth century sufi saint Bu Ali Shah Qalandar.

The Battle of Panipat Memorial society set-up by the Government of Haryana, highlights the major events that took place for over two hundred years which made Panipat a place of great historical importance.
 * Panipat Museum:

Panipat Museum has been especially established for disseminating information about archaeology, history, art and crafts of Haryana with special emphasis on the Battles of Panipat which marked the turning point in Indian history, The display of antiquities, inscription, sculptures, arms and armours, Pottery, old and valuable documents, jewellery and art and craft objects, have been augumented by maps, writeups photographs and translides, etc. Through display an attempt has been made to provide an insight into the acts of bravery of some valiant and patriotic warrios who sacrificed their lives at Panipat. These include, Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya-a local hero who belonged to Haryana, Raja Surja Mal of Bharatpur, Vikramaditya (Vikramajit) of Gwalior, Maharaja of Patiala, Sher Shar SURI< Sadashiv Rao Bhau, Vishwas Rao Peshwa, and Tukuj Shinde. Enlarged photographs of a large number of important miniatures, mostly from Babur-Nama and Akbar-Nama, relating to these battles and personalities connected therewith, have been obtained from the National Museum of New Delhi, The British Library, Victoria and Albert Museum of London. A Large number of contemporary weapons, armoury, guns, etc. have been acquired through loan from the Archaeological Survey of India, The Department of Archaeology and Museums, Haryana is also associated with this project, has donated a large number of items for display in this Museum. These include replicas of a large number of artifacts in the form of status, pottery, coins, etc. which were collected from the excavated sites in Haryana besides a number of blow-ups of building and sites of historical and archaeological importance. In addition, a large number of items of traditional art have been procured from various districts of haryana with the help of District Administration which exhibit a glimpse of haryana’s traditional art.


 * Grave of Ibrahim Lodhi :

The tomb is situated near a Tehsil Office at Panipat. Ibrahim Lodhi fought fiercely with his uncle Babur, in the battle known to us today as the "First Battle of Panipat" and was slain and buried at this place. It was one of Sher Shah Suri’s dying regret that he could never fulfill his intention of erecting a tomb to the fallem monarch. Much later, the British erected a plain plateform over the place, with a short Urdu Insscription on it.

Another memorial of some kind, however, appears to have existed which used to formm a place of pilgrimage for the people of Gwalior since Vikramaditya the last Raja of the old Towrebs dyansty of Gwalior, fell in the same battle. This memorial, according to general Cunningham, was destroyed when the Grand Trunk Road was made.


 * Hemu's Samadhi Sthal:

After Hemu's beheading at the Camp of Akbar at Saundhapur on Jind Road at Panipat, his head was sent to Kabul to be hanged outside the 'Delhi Darwaza' and his torso was hanged on a gibbet outside Purana Quila in Delhi to terrorise locals. After few years Hemu's supporters, constructed a Samadhi over the place where he was beheaded. The place and its surroundings are slowly encroached upon by local people. This is the only memorial of Hemu in Panipat, but in bad condition.


 * Kabuli Bagh:

The garden of Kabuli Bagh along with a mosque and a tank was built by Babur after the First battle to commemorate his victory over Ibrahim Lodhi. Some years later when Humayun defeated Salem Shah near Panipat, he added a masonry Platform to it and called it ‘Chabutra" Fateh Mubarak, bearing the inspription 934 Hijri (A.D.1557). These buildings and the garden still exist under the name of Kabuli Bagh called so after Babur’s wife – Mussammat Kabuli begum.


 * Devi Temple:

A temple dedicated to local deity exists on the bank of a large tank. A Shiva temple believed to have been built by a Maratha named Mangal Raghunath who had remained in Panipat after the battle, also exists besides it.


 * Kala Amb:

According to the tradition, the site 8 Kilometers from Panipat and 42 Kilometers from Karnal, where Sadashiv Rao Bhau commanded his maratha forces during the third battle of Panipat was marked by a black Mango Tree (Kala Amb) which has since disappeared. The dark colour of its foliage was probably the origin of the name. The site has a brick Pillar with an iron rod and the structure is surrounded by an iron fence.The site is being developed and beautified by a society with Governor, Haryana as its President.

The countryside is no less famous than the city of Panipat remnants of various buildings and structure along with galical and archaeological interest.


 * Salar Gunj Gate:

This gate is situated in the middle of Panipat city historical importance to Nawab Salar Juge, The gate still denoting its archaeological interest.


 * Tomb of Bu-Ali Shah Kalandar:

Seven hundred years old this tomb is known as Dargah of Shah Kalandar Khizar Khan son of allau-din Khilji who got this tomb constructed. Bu-Ali-Shah kalander was born in 1190 A.D. His father’s name was Salar Fakirudin. There are tombs of Hakim Mukaram Khan and Khawaja Altaf Hussain Hali in the premises of this tomb. Hali was a great Urdu poet. A large number of people from all walks of life, Hindu, Muslims, Sikh and Christians visit the tomb of Shah Kalandar and offer prayers here on every Thursday.


 * Shri Ram Sharnam:

Shri Ram Sharnam stands as an emblem of supreme devotion to Shri Ram and Selfless service of humanity in the war : ravaged historical city of Panipat. The grace and dignity of its congregation halls and its atmosphere suffused with piety and devotion attract devotees in large numbers. With ceutres spread all over India and abroad, Shri Ram Sharnam Panipat has the honour of being the only prayer hall inaugurated by Swami Satya Nandji himself in 1960, who described it as divinely inspired. swamiji's great disciple Maa Shakuntala Devi and Maa Darshi Devi, the present head of Shri Ram Sharnam have worked with great commitment and devotion to develop it into a singular place for the mental, moral and spiritual advancement of its innumerable devotees.

Now various mega malls have also been built in Panipat, for example Mittal Mega Mall, Angel Prime Mall and another five of them are about to open in nearby future
 * Mittal Mega Mall, Sec 25 HUDA, Panipat
 * Angel Prime Mall, Sec 11 HUDA
 * Ram Lal Chowk, Model Town, Panipat
 * ABC(amar bhavan chowk is having wholesale handloom and textile market, which is famous all over the world.)

Panipat Elevated Expressway
Panipat Elevated Expressway six-lane 10 km (6.2 mi) expressway is now functional to decongest the busy Delhi-Amritsar route.[18] The Panipat Expressway is an uplift of National Highway.

Schools

 * Arya Girls Public School
 * Kendriya Vidyalaya, NFL Township
 * St. Mary's Convent School, Jyotir Nagar
 * M A S D Public School
 * DPS Panipat City
 * Dr m.k.k arya model School
 * Bal Vikas School
 * DAV Thermal Township
 * DAV Cent.Public School,HUDA
 * Asian Public School
 * Tagore Public School
 * Bal Niketan Public School
 * Arya senior secondary school,G.t.ROAD,PANIPAT
 * PTPS senior secondary school Thermal township
 * SD Modern Sr. Sec. School
 * G.D Goenka Public School
 * The Millennium Public School
 * MJR
 * R.N. Public School
 * k.l school
 * S.D Modern sr. sec. school
 * Gyan Deep public school
 * Sanatan Dharam Vidya Mandir (Senior Wing and Junior Wing)
 * DPS Panipat Refinery Township
 * L.N.T Global School
 * Bal Vikas Progressive School
 * S D Sr. Sec. School
 * Shivalik high school,ugrakheri,panipat
 * Victor Public School
 * Guru Nanak Public School
 * Heritage convent school
 * Dyal Singh Public School

General colleges

 * S D (PG) College
 * I B College
 * Arya (PG) College, panipat
 * NC College of Engineering, Israna (FOR MBA)
 * NC College of Engineering
 * Asia pacific institute of information technology(affiliated to Staffordshire University, U.K.)
 * Tau devi lal memorial college manana.
 * Brightway Institute of Technology (BIT) Panipat cityvisit us
 * ' S D I T M'

Colleges

 * R.N. College of Engineering & Technology
 * Panipat Institute of Engineering & Technology
 * Asia Pacific Institute of Information Technology
 * Samalkha Group of Institutions
 * Geeta Institute of Management and Technology
 * Vaish Girls College
 * Shanti Devi Institute of Technology and Management

Chartered Accountancy
Panipat has an Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, accredited training institute, for conducting 100 hours ITT programme.